锥形中空钢管混凝土(CFDST)短柱的性能

目前,虽然锥形中空钢管混凝土(CFDST)柱被用于中国的输电塔中,但是关于这类输电塔中构件性能的信息仍很缺乏。因此,本文对锥形CFDST短柱的轴压性能进行研究。研究的参数包括锥角和截面尺寸。通过建立有限元模型分析锥形构件的性能。结果表明,钢管和夹层混凝土不受锥角影响,能够很好地协同工作。锥形CFDST短柱的失效模式与直线型的类似,失效出现在最小截面附近。通过应力分析讨论锥形构件的约束效应。最后,给出用于计算锥形CFDST短柱极限强度的建议公式。     

圆锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土轴压短柱受力机理分析

为了研究圆锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土轴压短柱的受力机理,通过有限元软件ABAQUS建立了该类构件的力学模型,并与已有试验数据进行对比,验证了模型的合理性。分析了典型构件的受力全过程荷载-应变关系曲线、钢管与混凝土之间的相互作用力、破坏模态和荷载分配; 同时分析了空心率、锥度、钢管径厚比和混凝土强度等参数对相互作用力的影响。结果表明:典型构件荷载-应变关系曲线可分为弹性段、弹塑性段、下降段和稳定段4个阶段; 构件破坏是由外钢管向外鼓曲所导致的,破坏截面约在0.8H(H为构件高度)柱高处; 锥度和空心率的改变对构件破坏截面位置影响较大,随着锥度和空心率的增大,破坏截面位置逐渐向柱顶靠近; 影响外钢管与混凝土之间相互作用力的主要因素有空心率、锥度、外钢管径厚比、外钢管屈服强度和混凝土强度; 影响内钢管与混凝土之间相互作用力的主要因素有空心率、锥度和外钢管屈服强度; 内钢管径厚比与内钢管屈服强度对混凝土与内、外钢管之间的相互作用力影响较小,可不作为主要参数进行分析。     

Behaviour of concrete-filled double skin rectangular steel tubular beam-columns

Double skin composite columns are formed from two steel skins filled with concrete in between. This new form of hybrid column has the potential to be used in many domains such as high-rise bridge piers and large diameter columns in high-rise buildings, etc. This paper describes a series of tests carried out on concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) stub columns, beams and beam-columns. Both outer and inner tubes are cold-formed rectangular hollow sections (RHS). The failure modes, and load-deformation behaviour of CFDST specimens are compared with those of conventional concrete-filled steel tubular members and empty double skin tubular members. A theoretical model is developed in this paper for the CFDST stub columns, beams and beam-columns. Reasonably good agreement is observed between the predicted and tested curves. Simplified models are derived to predict the load-carrying capacities of the composite members.     

偏心受压下锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土柱的性能

锥形中空夹层管混凝土(CFDST)柱常被用于输电塔并有可能成为另一种类型的复合框架结构。然而,尚未对偏心受压下锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土柱的性能进行研究,对不同偏心荷载作用下的锥形中空夹层混凝土柱进行研究。数值研究也使用了有限元模型对锥形构件的性能进行了预测。比较锥形构件和直角构件的强度和应力分布。通过数值计算研究锥形柱的稳定性。最后,使用"等效柱"的概念预测偏心受压下锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土柱的荷载力。     

Testing of self-consolidating concrete-filled double skin tubular stub columns exposed to fire

A concrete-filled double skin tube (CFDST) is an innovative steel and concrete composite construction with the potential to be used as columns in high-rise buildings. Self-consolidating concrete (SCC) can offer convenience for construction and ensure the construction quality of CFDST columns. There is very limited knowledge about the fire performance of CFDST columns, which is a key issue in the application to high-rise buildings. This paper reports an experimental investigation into the fire behaviour of CFDST stub columns filled with SCC and fibre reinforced SCC. The study aims to obtain thermal and structural responses of the stub columns through standard fire testing. Details are given in terms of the failure mode, temperature distribution, critical or limiting temperature and fire resistance. It was found that the added fibre does not affect the temperature distribution whereas the increased concrete thickness and outer tube perimeter reduces the temperature in CFDST specimens. The added steel fibre increases the fire resistance of CFDST stub columns especially for load levels less than 0.6. The critical or limiting temperature for CFDST sections was found to be higher than for CFST (concrete-filled steel tube) or unfilled tubes.     

中空夹层钢管混凝土短柱的性能分析

对外管为方形中空截面或者圆形中空截面,内管为圆形中空截面的夹层钢管混凝土短柱的抗压性能进行了有限元分析。通过与一系列由不同研究者进行的试验数据进行对比,以证实有限元建模的有效性。归纳了平均应力与纵向应变的典型曲线、混凝土应力曲线、混凝土和钢管的交互曲线以及空心率对CFDST短柱性能的影响。对影响复合柱截面性能的重要参数也进行了分析。     

Analytical behaviour of concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) stub columns

This paper reports a finite element analysis of the compressive behaviour of CFDST stub columns with SHS (square hollow section) or CHS (circular hollow section) outer tube and CHS inner tube. A set of test data reported by different researchers were used to verify the FE modelling. Typical curves of average stress versus longitudinal strain, stress distributions of concrete, interaction of concrete and steel tubes, as well as effects of hollow ratio on the behaviour of CFDST stub columns, were presented. The influences of important parameters that determine sectional capacities of the composite columns were investigated.     

局部加载下中空夹层钢管混凝土的试验研究

对局部受压下的中空夹层钢管混凝土进行试验研究。分别对含内外两层钢管的14个圆形构件和15个方形试件进行试验,试验参数包含:空心率、顶端板厚度、局压面积比。结果表明:局部受压下中空夹层钢管混凝土呈现延性。各试验参数对局部受压中空夹层钢管混凝土短柱的性能和破坏模型有很大影响。最后,提出分析局部受压下中空夹层钢管混凝土承载力的简化计算模型。     

Concrete-filled double skin (SHS outer and CHS inner) steel tubular beam-columns

A series of tests on concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) stub columns (14), beams (four) and beam-columns (12) were carried out. The specimens had square hollow section (SHS) as outer skin and circular hollow section (CHS) as inner skin. A mechanics model is developed in this paper for the CFDST stub columns, columns and beam-columns. A unified theory is described where a confinement factor (ξ) is introduced to describe the composite action between the steel tubes and the sandwiched concrete. The load versus axial strain relationship for CFDST stub columns is predicted. Simplified model is derived for section capacities of CFDST. The predicted beam-column strength is compared with that obtained in beam and beam-column tests. The load versus mid-span deflection relationship for CFDST beams and beam-columns is predicted. A simplified model is developed for calculating the member capacity of the CFDST beams. Simplified interaction curves are derived for CFDST beam-columns.     

圆锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土偏压构件受力性能研究

将圆锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土用于风电塔筒或输电塔架时,为满足在塔筒内设置设备等需求而将该类构件空心部分加大。为研究该类构件的偏压受力性能,进行了12个大空心率下的圆锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土偏心受压构件的试验研究,主要试验参数为荷载偏心率和长细比。利用ABAQUS软件建立有限元分析模型,对圆锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土偏心受压构件的典型破坏模态和荷载-变形关系曲线进行模拟,所得计算结果与试验结果基本吻合。通过典型算例分析了受力过程中钢管和混凝土各自所承担的荷载和纵向应力分布情况,同时分析了内、外钢管与混凝土之间相互作用力的变化情况。结果表明：偏心率和长细比对圆锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土偏心受压构件承载力及刚度有显著影响;该类构件力学行为与等截面圆中空夹层钢管混凝土偏心受压构件类似,锥度的存在使破坏位置从等截面柱的中部上移到锥形柱的3/4柱高处(柱顶处),因此在设计大空心率圆锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土偏压(压弯)构件时应考虑柱头处加强。同时,对该类构件压弯承载力计算方法给出了建议。     

钢管混凝土复合柱静力试验与偏心率折减系数计算方法

以偏心率为参数,对4根钢管混凝土复合柱和4根钢管混凝土格构柱进行了受压试验和有限元分析,对比分析了试件的破坏过程与特征、受压承载力和荷载-位移曲线以及荷载-应变曲线。试验结果表明：轴压复合短柱的破坏以钢筋混凝土板的压碎和纵筋屈服为特征,此时钢管混凝土柱肢没有充分发挥其自身的轴压承载能力;偏压复合短柱的破坏形态为近载侧钢筋混凝土板压碎同时柱肢钢管出现鼓曲,对应柱肢的受力状态与钢管混凝土格构柱的相似。当偏心率相同时,钢管混凝土复合柱的初始受压刚度和承载力均大于钢管混凝土格构柱,两者的初始抗弯刚度接近,但由于钢筋混凝土板在受力后期仍可有效传递截面剪力,钢管混凝土复合柱的侧向位移明显小于钢管混凝土格构柱。钢管混凝土复合柱的偏心率折减系数随偏心率的变化情况与钢管混凝土格构柱的基本相似。以钢管混凝土格构柱的基本计算式为基础,利用试验和有限元参数分析结果对其进行修正,得到钢管混凝土复合柱的偏心率折减系数计算方法,折减系数的计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

长期持续荷载下中空钢管混凝土(CFDST)柱的研究

给出了一组长期持续荷载下中空钢管混凝土(CFDST)柱的试验结果。试验包括两个阶段:长期正常使用阶段的试验和极限强度试验。给出了长期持续荷载下CFDST柱的数值模型。数值结果与试验结果吻合很好。另外,详细分析了CFDST柱的长期性能。最后,给出了计算长期持续荷载下CFDST柱的极限强度的简化方程。     

Tests on inclined,tapered and STS concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) stub columns

This paper is an attempt to study the behaviour of the inclined, tapered and straight-tapered-straight (STS) concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) stub columns. A total of 34 specimens were tested. The main parameters were the column type (inclined, tapered and STS), inclined or tapered angle (from 0°to 9°) and the cross-sectional type (circular and square). Comparisons with predicted cross-sectional strengths were made using the existing codes: AIJ-2008, AISC-2005, BS5400-2005, DBJ-13-51-2003 and EC4-2004.     

Design of cold-formed steel unequal angle compression members

Cold-formed steel unequal angles are non-symmetric sections. The design procedure of non-symmetric sections subjected to axial compression load could be quite difficult. The unequal angle columns may fail by different buckling modes, such as local, flexural and flexural–torsional buckling as well as interaction of these buckling modes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the behaviour and design of cold-formed steel unequal angle columns. A nonlinear finite element analysis was conducted to investigate the strength and behaviour of unequal angle columns. The measured initial local and overall geometric imperfections as well as the material properties of the angle specimens were included in the finite element model. The finite element analysis was performed on fixed-ended columns for different lengths ranged from stub to long columns. It is demonstrated that the finite element model closely predicted the experimental ultimate loads and the behaviour of cold-formed steel unequal angle columns. Hence, the model was used for an extensive parametric study of cross-section geometries. The column strengths obtained from the parametric study were compared with the design strengths calculated using the North American Specification for cold-formed steel structural members. It is shown that the current design rules are generally unconservative for short and intermediate column lengths for the unequal angles. Therefore, design rules of cold-formed steel unequal angle columns are proposed.     

不同圆心角圆端形钢管混凝土短柱轴压性能

为研究圆心角60°和120°圆端形钢管混凝土短柱轴压力学性能,对4个圆端形钢管混凝土短柱进行轴压试验,探究不同圆心角和宽厚比对其极限承载力的影响。基于试验结果,应用有限元软件ABAQUS进行三维实体建模,对圆端形钢管混凝土短柱进行参数分析,研究了钢材强度、混凝土强度、宽厚比、高宽比、尺寸效应等对极限承载力的影响。基于参数分析,建立圆心角为60°和120°圆端形钢管混凝土短柱极限承载力实用计算公式。结果表明:破坏形态均为局部屈曲破坏,且平直段区域均出现局部屈曲现象; 随圆心角增大,构件极限承载力增大; 随宽厚比增大,极限承载力呈现下降趋势; 当圆弧段圆心角从60°增大至120°时,强度指标降低,表明整体约束效应减弱; 圆端形钢管混凝土轴压短柱的整体约束效应随圆心角增大而减小; 随着钢材强度、混凝土强度的增大和构件宽厚比的减小,极限承载力逐渐增大; 不同圆心角的尺寸效应对其极限承载力与初始刚度的影响类似,随着构件尺寸增大,极限承载力与初始刚度均呈现增大的趋势。     

Behaviour of inclined,tapered and STS square CFST stub columns subjected to axial load

This paper describes the finite element method using ABAQUS to model the axial compressive behaviour of inclined, tapered and straight–tapered–straight (STS) concrete filled steel tubular stub (CFST) columns with square hollow sections. The accuracy of the numerical model was verified by comparing the numerical predictions with experimental study of the 200×200×3.75 RHS filled with C60 concrete with inclined angle of 0–9° and tapered angle of 0–4°. The results show that the compressive behaviours, load vs. strain relationship and failure mode predicted by the numerical simulations were agreeable with experimental results. After the validation, a parametric study was performed with 3 typical steel hollow sections (200×200×3.75 RHS, 300×300×6.3 RHS and 400×400×8.0 RHS) and extended the inclined angle and tapered angle to 0–15° and 0–12° respectively. The parametric study highlights some of the behaviour observed in test and extends the application range. In addition, reduction factor for calculating the axial capacity of this form of CFST columns are proposed.     

Concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) columns subjected to long-term sustained loading

This paper carried out a series of tests on concrete-filled double skin steel tubes (CFDST) columns under long-term sustained loading condition. The test process included two stages, i.e. long-term service test and ultimate strength test. Numerical models on analysis of the CFDST column under long-term sustained loading were presented. A comparison of results calculated using these models showed generally good agreement with the test results. Additionally, a detailed analysis was performed to analyse the long-term behaviour of CFDST columns. Finally, simplified formula for calculating the ultimate strength of CFDST columns subjected to long-term sustained loading was proposed.     

钢管混凝土复合短柱轴压性能试验研究

钢管混凝土复合柱由钢管混凝土柱肢和钢筋混凝土联接板组成。以柱肢钢管壁厚和联接板厚度为试验参数,对7个复合短柱试件进行轴压性能试验研究,同时进行了与复合柱试件组成相对应的4个钢管混凝土柱构件和3个钢筋混凝土板构件的轴压试验。研究复合短柱在轴压荷载作用下的破坏模式和荷载 位移曲线,对比分析试件与对应构件的荷载 应变曲线,研究柱肢钢管壁厚和联接板厚度对复合短柱轴压承载力的影响。试验结果表明：轴压复合短柱受力全过程分为弹性阶段、弹塑性阶段和塑性发展阶段;轴压复合短柱的破坏特征为钢筋混凝土联接板混凝土压碎,此时钢管混凝土柱肢的受力状态与对应的钢管混凝土构件的受力状态不同,钢管混凝土柱肢并没有充分发挥其自身的承载能力;在复合短柱的轴压承载力计算中应引入柱肢承载力折减系数,该系数与柱肢套箍系数相关;通过对现有的钢管混凝土轴压短柱的试验数据进行回归分析,拟合得到柱肢承载力折减系数的经验计算公式;按照建议方法计算得到的复合短柱的轴压承载力与试验结果吻合良好。     

1截面形式对高温下钢管混凝土柱轴向加载性能的影响

钢管混凝土柱能够最大限度地发挥材料特性,现广泛用于建筑结构中。钢管混凝土柱承载能力高,能量吸收能力强,结构的抗火性能好。描述了含4种截面形式的一系列钢管混凝土柱在标准火下的抗火性能。按照以下方式将钢管混凝土柱分为三组:室温下截面强度相等、钢管截面面积相等、混凝土截面面积相等。采用ABAQUS软件分析组合柱的温度分布、临界温度和过火时间等情况。基于典型参数的分析和对比,讨论了不同截面形式钢管混凝土柱的温度分布和抗火性能。结果显示,圆截面钢管混凝土柱抗火性能最佳,接下来是椭圆截面、正方形截面和矩形截面。在该研究的基础上,给出了高温下钢管混凝土柱的简化设计方程。     

Shape effect on the behaviour of axially loaded concrete filled steel tubular stub columns at elevated temperature

Concrete filled steel tubular columns have been extensively used in modern construction owing to that they utilise the most favourable properties of both constituent materials. It has been recognized that concrete filled tubular columns provide excellent structural properties such as high load bearing capacity, ductility, large energy-absorption capacity and good structural fire behaviour. This paper presents the structural fire behaviour of a series of concrete filled steel tubular stub columns with four typical column sectional shapes in standard fire. The selected concrete filled steel tube stub columns are divided into three groups by equal section strength at ambient temperature, equal steel cross sectional areas and equal concrete core cross sectional areas. The temperature distribution, critical temperature and fire exposing time etc. of selected composite columns are extracted by numerical simulations using commercial FE package ABAQUS. Based on the analysis and comparison of typical parameters, the effect of column sectional shapes on member temperature distribution and structural fire behaviour are discussed. It shows concrete steel tubular column with circular section possesses the best structural fire behaviour, followed by columns with elliptical, square and rectangular sections. Based on this research study, a simplified equation for the design of concrete filled columns at elevated temperature is proposed.