应变能约束下多随机参数连续体结构的拓扑优化

研究几何和物理参数均为随机变量的平面连续体结构在结构总应变能约束下的拓扑优化设计问题．以结构总质量均值最小化为目标函数,以结构的形状拓扑信息为设计变量,以结构总应变能概率可靠性指标为约束条件,构建了随机结构的拓扑优化设计数学模型．利用代数综合法,导出了应变能响应的均值和均方差的计算表达式．采用双方向渐进结构优化的求解策略．通过两个算例验证了本模型及求解策略的合理性和有效性．     

基于概率的柔性铰链机构的优化设计

研究了具有随机参数的平面柔性铰链机构的位移放大和刚度性能的优化问题．从概率统计角度出发，将各设计参数看作随机变量，建立了基于概率的柔性铰链机构优化设计模型，并用Monte Carlo模拟法得到了柔性机构性能及一些约束函数的均值和方差，优化设计求解采用Lagrange乘子法，利用分布函数法将模型中的可靠性约束等价处理为常规约束形式，通过优化设计得到了优化设计向量．根据所得优化设计向量分别得到了机构性能的计算结果，结果表明，当设计参数分散性变大时，优化设计结果偏于保守。     

应力约束下汽车车架结构的拓扑优化设计

为了得到汽车车架的概念化设计,本文基于独立、连续、映射方法,给出了汽车车架结构的计算机辅助优化设计的有效方法．采用应力全局化策略,将局部的应力约束转化为全局的应变能约束问题,建立了以结构质量为目标,应力约束下的汽车车架结构的拓扑优化模型,研究了多工况应力约束下连续体结构拓扑优化问题．另外,利用对偶理论,将建立的优化模型转化为对偶模型,用序列二次规划法进行了求解．对车架结构的数值分析表明了该方法的可行性与有效性．     

基于极值响应面法的柔性机构可靠性优化设计

为建立柔性机构可靠性优化设计的理论与方法.用传统方法进行柔性机构截面尺寸的初步设计,将模态综合法与柔性多体系统动力学相结合,建立柔性机构拉格朗日形式的动力学微分方程,用蒙特卡罗法抽取柔性机构输入参数随机样本,并对每个样本求解动力学微分方程,得到对应的位移、速度、加速度在分析时域内的响应,在此基础上求出对应的动态应力和挠度响应.将不同输入样本对应的应力和变形输出响应在分析时域内的最大值的全体作为新的输出(极值)响应,构造极值响应面函数.以材料密度、弹性模量、许用刚度、强度和构件截面尺寸为随机变量,以构件尺寸为设计变量,以机构质量为目标函数,以设计变量表示的可靠性指标为约束函数,对柔性机构进行可靠性优化设计.实例计算表明,该设计方法在满足可靠性要求的情况下使得机构的质量最小.     

随机变量下的热传导结构拓扑优化设计

研究具有随机变量的稳态热传导结构在散热弱度约束下的拓扑优化设计问题．建立了以单元相对导热系数为设计变量,导热材料体积极小化为目标函数,满足散热弱度可靠性指标为约束条件的稳态热传导结构的拓扑优化设计数学模型．基于随机因子法,利用代数综合法推导出散热弱度的数字特征的计算表达式．采用渐进结构优化方法(Evolutionary Structural Optimization,ESO)求解,并利用过滤技术消除优化过程中的数值不稳定性现象．通过两个算例验证文中模型及求解策略、方法的合理性和有效性．     

基于混合变量的可靠性稳健设计方法

将产品性能函数在指定百分位数处的波动作为产品稳健性指标,极限性能函数的区间可靠度大于可靠性指标作为约束,建立了随机变量和区间变量同时存在时的可靠性稳健设计单目标优化模型。为了提高可靠性优化设计问题的效率,将两个耦合的优化问题分解成两层结构优化设计问题,上层为稳健优化设计,下层进行可靠性分析计算。最后用减速器可靠性稳健优化设计问题验证所建立模型的效率和精度。     

机械强度的模糊可靠性优化设计

本文在分析了优化设计和模糊可靠性设计两种设计方法的基础上，应用模糊概率理论探讨了设计变量为随机变量和模糊变量组合时的机械强度的模糊可靠性优化设计的方法，并以某系统中的传动轴的模糊可靠性优化设计进行了分析和计算。     

基于灰色粒子群算法的可靠性稳健优化设计

为提高车辆零部件的安全性和稳健性,应用可靠性稳健优化设计理论和多目标决策方法,将车辆前轴的可靠性稳健优化设计转化为多目标优化问题。运用灰色理论中的关联分析法,选取粒子群算法中的全局极值和个体极值,提出了适合可靠性稳健优化设计中多目标模型求解的灰色粒子群算法。与传统方法相比,该方法更能迅速准确地得到车辆前轴的可靠性稳健优化设计信息。     

一种载荷路径可控的柔性机翼前缘拓扑优化方法

形变柔性机构拓扑优化设计是解决自适应机翼前后缘连续平滑变形的关键。针对柔性机构传统基结构法拓扑优化结果依赖于其初始结构构型产生方法,存在自由单元和不连续结构的问题,提出了一种载荷路径生成可控并避免路径交叉的方法,运用自适应遗传算法,结合机翼前缘形变柔性机构进行拓扑优化设计,分别用MATLAB编程设计计算和用ANSYS对优化结果进行了有限元形变性能分析,并与传统的载荷路径法的拓扑优化进行了对比分析和实验验证。结果表明:所采用方法有效解决了优化前初始结构构型生成的可行性问题,提高了优化的收敛速度和精度。     

二维连续体薄板结构的拓扑优化分析

为了研究应力和位移共同作用下多工况连续体结构拓扑优化问题,基于ICM(独立、连续、映射)方法,建立了以结构质量为目标,同时包含2类约束问题的量纲一化的拓扑优化模型.采用应力全局化策略,将局部的应力约束转化为全局的应变能约束问题,减少了约束数目,避免了复杂的敏度分析;利用单位虚载荷法,将位移约束表示为设计变量的显式关系.另外,利用对偶理论,将建立的优化模型转化为对偶模型,用序列二次规划法进行了求解,减少了设计变量的数目,提高了求解效率.二维薄板结构的数值算例表明,该方法具有可行性与有效性.     

A level set method for reliability-based topology optimization of compliant mechanisms

Based on the level set model and the reliability theory, a numerical approach of reliability-based topology optimization for compliant mechanisms with multiple inputs and outputs is presented. A multi-objective topology optimal model of compliant mechanisms considering uncertainties of the loads, material properties, and member geometries is developed. The reliability analysis and topology optimization are integrated in the optimal iterative process. The reliabilities of the compliant mechanisms are evaluated by using the first order reliability method. Meanwhile, the problem of structural topology optimization is solved by the level set method which is flexible in handling complex topological changes and concise in describing the boundary shape of the mechanism. Numerical examples show the importance of considering the stochastic nature of the compliant mechanisms in the topology optimization process. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50775073), the Teaching and Research Award Program for Outstanding Young Teacher in Higher Education Institutions of the Ministry of Education of China, the Guangdong Hong Kong Technology Cooperation Funding (Dongguan Project 20061682), the Research Project of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province (Grant No. 2006D90304001), and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 05006494)     

基于折衷规划的汽车悬架摆臂多目标拓扑优化设计

基于SIMP变密度法和带权重的折衷规划法相结合的多目标拓扑优化设计方法,以汽车极限行驶多工况下的刚度和固有频率为目标函数,并将多刚度拓扑优化目标函数采用折衷规划定义、固有频率采用平均频率法,对某客车悬架的摆臂结构进行多目标拓扑优化设计,得到同时满足静态刚度和动态频率要求的汽车悬架摆臂的拓扑优化结构,并采用惯性释放方法对悬架摆臂进行载荷和应力分析验证。     

基于拓扑优化的人工晶状体襻柔性机构设计

为了解决目前人工晶状体不能实现大跨度调节问题,根据人体生物眼测量基础数据及调节机制,建立了人工晶状体襻结构生物力学模型.基于结构拓扑优化方法,对人工晶状体襻结构进行了拓扑优化分析,得到布局合理的基本骨架结构.经机构运动学分析,给出了机构目标点位移值的变化规律.采用柔性建模理论方法,考虑材料特性及关节柔性,深入研究了该放大机构的实际运动规律,给出了该柔性机构位移放大的一般规律.经本模型优化后得到柔性机构位移输出值可达输入值的3.34倍,光学部前置位移随之增加,理论上可实现视觉质量的提高.     

Design for structural flexibility using connected morphable components based topology optimization

In topology optimization of structures considering flexibility, degenerated optimal solutions, such as hinges, gray areas and disconnected structures may appear. In this paper, built upon the newly developed morphable component based topology optimization approach, a novel representation using connected morphable components (CMC) and a linkage scheme are proposed to prevent degenerating designs and to ensure structure integrity. A lower bound condition of the thickness of each component is also incorporated to completely remove the smallest components in an optimal configuration. Designs of flexible structures, such as compliant mechanism design, maximum compliance structure design, and design of low-frequency resonating micro devices are studied to validate the proposed methodology. Our work demonstrates that the new methodology can successfully prevent degeneration solutions and possesses other advantages, such as minimum member size control in topology optimization of flexible structures.     

Multi-objective robust design optimization of a novel negative Poisson’s ratio bumper system

Negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) structure has outstanding performances in lightweight and energy absorption, and it can be widely applied in automotive industries. By combining the front anti-collision beam, crash box and NPR structure, a novel NPR bumper system for improving the crashworthiness is first proposed in the work. The performances of the NPR bumper system are detailed studied by comparing to traditional bumper system and aluminum foam filled bumper system. To achieve the rapid design while considering perturbation induced by parameter uncertainties, a multi-objective robust design optimization method of the NPR bumper system is also proposed. The parametric model of the bumper system is constructed by combining the full parametric model of the traditional bumper system and the parametric model of the NPR structure. Optimal Latin hypercube sampling technique and dual response surface method are combined to construct the surrogate models. The multi-objective robust optimization results of the NPR bumper system are then obtained by applying the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm and six sigma criteria. The results yielded from the optimizations indicate that the energy absorption capacity is improved significantly by the NPR bumper system and its performances are further optimized efficiently by the multi-objective robust design optimization method.     

Multi-objective optimization design for leg mechanism of hydraulic-actuated quadruped robot

In order to improve the robot’s abilities of bearing heavy burdens and transporting in complex terrains,the multi-objective optimization design for leg mechanism of the quadruped robot with hydraulic actuated is studied in this paper. The kinematics and dynamics of the robot are analyzed and the two-dimensional linear inverted pendulum model is adopted in planning the trajectories of joints. Then the mathematical model of valve-controlled asymmetric cylinder and control model of single leg are proposed respectively. In the end,NSGA-II algorithm is used to achieve the multi-objective optimization design of parameters concerning single leg mechanism and PD torque control. The results prove that the optimized leg mechanism can significantly reduce the required maximum power of hydraulic system,thus decrease its own weight and lead to the obtaining of good dynamic performance.     

Design of single-axis flexure hinges using continuum topology optimization method

The design of compliant hinges has been extensively studied in the size and shape level in the literature.This paper presents a method for designing the single-axis flexure hinges in the topology level.Two kinds of hinges,that is,the translational hinge and the revolute hinge,are studied.The basic optimization models are developed for topology optimization of the translational hinge and the revolute hinge,respectively.The objective for topology optimization of flexure hinges is to maximize the compliance in the desired direction meanwhile minimizing the compliances in the other directions.The constraints for accomplishing the translational and revolute requirements are developed.The popular Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization method is used to find the optimal flexure hinge topology within a given design domain.Numerical results are performed to illustrate the validity of the proposed method.     

基于智能算法的汽车气动外形参数多目标优化

为了对汽车外形进行优化设计,利用CFD软件与智能算法相结合的方法,以在天窗微开高速行驶状态下的汽车为优化的对象,选取气动阻力最小、气动升力为0、天窗后缘压强最小为`优化目标,以汽车关键外形参数为设计变量,对汽车气动外形进行多目标优化设计.同时,应用了数据挖掘技术评价设计变量与3个目标函数的影响关系,选取优化后的最佳关键参数制作汽车模型并进行风洞试验验证.研究结果表明:通过遗传算法优化的车身外形,在其他设计目标满足要求的条件下成功地将阻力系数降低了9.5%,并通过风洞试验验证了该智能算法结果的准确性.基于智能算法的汽车气动外形设计具有指导意义与实际应用价值,为汽车气动外形的多目标优化设计提供了一种高效、精确、可靠的先进优化方法.     

基于Von Mises应力的预应力钢结构拓扑优化设计

为预应力钢结构设计获得最优拓扑构型和索力值,以结构拓扑和索力值为设计变量,以Von Mises应力为约束条件,建立了以结构质量最小为目标函数的数学优化模型.在求解方法上,首先以结构储存应变能最小(刚度最大)确定施加在结构上的索力值,然后采用渐进结构优化法删除低Von Mises应力单元实现结构的拓扑优化以减轻结构质量.算例结果与相应体系受力性能相吻合.