改性玄武岩纤维对Al基复合材料耐磨性的影响

为研究玄武岩纤维(BF)对Al基复合材料耐磨性的影响,通过化学镀铜对BF进行表面改性,利用粉末冶金法制备了不同BF含量的Al基复合材料,研究了耐磨性随BF含量的变化规律.结果表明:镀铜处理后BF表面存在厚度均匀的铜膜;随着BF含量的增加,试样密度逐渐减小;BF含量增加,试样硬度先增加后减小,BF含量为5％时硬度最大,与不含BF的试样相比,硬度提高了13.8％;随着BF含量的增加,试样磨损率先减小后增加,BF含量为5％试样的磨损率最小,与不含BF的试样相比,磨损率降低了71.3％;BF含量较低时,磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,BF含量较高时,磨损机制以剥离磨损为主.     

氧化SiCp对紫砂陶导热性能的影响

分析了SiCp氧化行为特征,通过XRD、SEM等方法研究了SiCp氧化处理对碳化硅-紫砂(SiCp-(FeOx-Al2O3-SiO2))系列的力学性能、导热性能影响。结果表明,SiCp氧化处理后表面形成非晶态SiO2薄膜,较原样SiCp与紫砂界面结合性能更好;通过性能对比实验,加入原样SiCp实验组试样随其含量增加抗折强度不断减小;而加入经氧化处理的SiCp实验组试样抗折强度先增加后减小,含量为4%时,抗折强度为70.20MPa最大值;当含量为16%时,两组实验试样导热率均达到最佳值4.12W/mk和4.63W/mk。     

碳化硅晶须/碳化硅颗粒/聚丙烯复合材料的结构优化设计和模型拟合

以聚丙烯(PP)为基体,以单一碳化硅晶须( SiCw)、碳化硅颗粒(SiCp)和混杂SiCw/SiCp为导热填料,共混/模压制备PP基导热复合材料.结果表明:同等用量下,混杂SiCw/SiCp填充PP具有比单一SiCw或SiCp填充PP更佳的导热性能,且随SiCw/SiCp用量的增加而增加;当SiCw/SiCp质量分数为50％时,导热性能最佳,其导热系数为0.856 W/(m· K),为纯PP的5倍多.PP的拉伸强度与冲击强度随SiCw/SiCp用量的增加先增加后降低,当混杂SiCw/SiCp质量分数为10％时,力学性能最佳.相比SiCp而言,SiCw更易在PP中形成导热网链.     

碳粉为造孔剂的多孔生物陶瓷的制备及性能研究

选用牛骨煅烧的天然羟基磷灰石粉末作为基体,生物活性玻璃为增强相,碳粉为造孔剂,用模压成型法制备多孔羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷。利用XRD进行晶面分析,微孔结构分析仪对试样进行气孔率测试,依据国标对试样进行硬度和抗弯强度的分析,用S-3000N型扫描电镜表征多孔羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷的微观结构。结果表明,随着生物玻璃和碳粉质量百分比的增加,试样组织中的孔隙率的含量和总的孔表面积均随之增加;生物陶瓷的硬度随生物玻璃添加量的增多呈现一定的变化;硬度值较大的试样其抗弯强度都在80MPa,左右,与人体骨相接近;陶瓷微观组织中的孔隙数量和孔径尺寸均随着生物玻璃添加量的增多而增加。     

反应烧结碳化硼/碳化硅坯体和烧结体的性能测试及分析

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮作碳化硼和炭黑分散剂;四甲基氢氧化铵作碳化硅分散剂,分别以丙烯酰胺、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为单体和交联剂,采用凝胶注模工艺制备碳化硼/碳化硅坯体,再经过高温烧结,制备碳化硼/碳化硅烧结体试样.通过对凝胶注模成型反应烧结碳化硼/碳化硅坯体及烧结试样的性能研究表明:坯体的弯曲强度随着固含量的增加而增大,当固含量为55vol％时强度达到24.3 MPa.烧结体的断裂韧性随碳化硼含量的增加先提高后降低.最佳碳化硼含量为10wt％,此时断裂韧性可达到最大值5.07 MPa·m1/2.烧结体的硬度随着碳化硼含量的增加而增加,当碳化硼含量达20wt％时,硬度达到94.5HRA.     

WC的添加量对铁基结合剂性能的影响

本文在铁基结合剂中加入0％、2．5％、5％、7．5％、10％的WC粉,采用热压烧结法制备出不同WC含量的铁：基结合剂节块．并对铁基结合剂节块的硬度、抗弯强度和耐磨性进行了测试。实验数据表明：随着WC粉的含量从0％增加到10％,铁基结合剂的硬度逐渐增加;抗弯强度与耐磨性也同时提高。但抗弯强度与耐磨性的提高与WC加入量并非呈简单的线性关系。     

PTFE/纳米SiC复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

利用冷压烧结法制备了不同含量的聚四氟乙烯/纳米碳化硅(PTFE/纳米SiC)复合材料。采用MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机在干摩擦条件下考察了纳米SiC含量及载荷对PTFE/纳米SiC复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,借助于扫描电子显微镜观察分析了试样磨损表面形貌,并探讨了其磨损机理。结果表明,纳米SiC能够提高PTFE/纳米SiC复合材料的硬度和耐磨性,当纳米SiC质量分数为7%时,PTFE/纳米SiC复合材料的磨损量最小,摩擦系数也最小;随纳米SiC含量的增加,其摩擦系数有所增大;随着载荷的增大,PTFE/纳米SiC复合材料的磨损量增加。     

SiCp(Cu)加入量对SiCp(Cu)/Fe复合材料力学性能的影响

以非均相沉淀法制备了Cu包裹SiC颗村复合粉体,采用粉末冶金和真空热压法制备了SiCp(Cu)/Fe复合材料.利用XRD、SEM分析样品的物相组成和显微结构;利用阿基米德排水法、显微硬度计、三点弯曲法分别测试了,复合材料的密度、显微硬度和抗弯强度.研究了不同SiCp(Cu)加入量对SiCp(Cu)/Fe复合材料的力学性能的影响,并考察了Cu包裹层对复合材料性能的影响.结果表明:随着SiCp(Cu)加入量的增加,SiCp(Cu)/Fe复合材料的相对密度、显微硬度、抗弯强度均呈现先增加后减小的趋势.其中,当SiCp(Cu)含量为6 wt%时,在950℃热压烧结条件下,制备得到的SiCp(Cu)/Fe复合材料具有最优的力学性能,其相对密度达到97.2%,显微硬度为430.5HV,抗弯强度为788.96 MPa.与相同工艺条件下制得的SiC颗粒增强铁基复合材料的力学性能相比,分别提高了2.7%,55.3 HV和164.13 MPa.     

Ni-B-SiC-RE化学复合镀的研究

研究了 Ni-B-SiC-RE 复合镀层的工艺及性能。结果表明,稳定剂在化学复合镀过程中起决定性作用;添加适量稀土元素(RE)不仅能增加复合镀层中 SiC 的含量,提高复合镀层的硬度和耐磨性,而且还能细化晶粒;复合镀层的耐磨性随镀层中 SiC 含量的增加而提高,经400℃×1 h 和500℃×1 h 热处理后,复合镀层的硬度和耐磨性分别达到最佳值。     

Ni-Co-P非晶态合金的电沉积及其性能研究

电沉积Ni-Co合金不能形成非晶态结构，引入P元素后，镀层结构可变为非晶态．Ni-Co-P合金镀层中P质量百分比含量低于5％时为晶态结构；在5％～19%范围内为非晶态结构；高于19％时为金属间化合物（晶态）的结构．非晶态Ni-Co-P合金硬度高，耐磨性好，且有优良的耐蚀性能．     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。