压电复合材料换能器耦合振动特性研究

本文建立了针对压电复合材料的压电复合换能器耦合振动有限元模型,采用有限元方法研究了压电复合材料类型对换能器振动模态与共振频率的影响,并对换能器共振频率与压电复合材料结构几何尺寸之间的关系进行研究。结果表明:压电复合材料类型不同,换能器的振动模态振型会发生改变,并且其前两阶共振频率差值会因压电复合材料的基体材料的杨氏模量和泊松比的不同而发生变化,即共振频率差值随着基体材料杨氏模量的增大而增大,但随着泊松比的增大而减小;而且共振频率与压电复合材料的结构几何尺寸有关,即随着压电复合材料厚度的增大,换能器的纵向振动频率与弯曲振动频率都会逐渐减少,但两频率之间的间距是逐渐拉大的。     

谐振放大压电声学超材料梁带隙特性研究

声学超材料具有亚波长带隙,可应用于结构振动与噪声控制。引入压电材料和谐振分流电路,可以利用电磁振荡和压电材料机电耦合特性在超材料内部形成可调谐局域共振带隙。传统压电声学超材料受到已有压电材料机电耦合系数的限制,带隙一般较窄,无法满足大柔性结构振动与噪声控制中低频宽带需求。因而,该文提出一种谐振放大压电声学超材料梁结构。将压电片划分为传感极和驱动极,传感极输出电压经过运算放大电路放大,然后与谐振电路相连,实现局域共振效果的增强,从而增大带隙宽度。采用有限元方法建立压电声学超材料梁带隙计算模型,分析了带隙位置和宽度随电路放大倍数的变化,研究了等效弹性模量与带隙的关系;利用商用有限元软件仿真分析了有限周期梁的振动传递特性,验证了带隙计算方法的正确性。研究结果表明,放大电路有效增强了电路的局域共振效果,随着放大倍数的增大,带隙频率降低,带隙宽度增大。     

填充颗粒导热性对复合材料导热性能的影响

基于ANSYS Workbench稳态热分析模块,利用均匀化方法,研究了填充颗粒导热性对填充型复合材料导热性能的影响。结果表明,依靠增大填充颗粒导热系数来提高复合材料整体的导热性能有一定局限性,填料导热系数与基体材料导热系数之比存在一个临界值。在相同体积分数下,随着比值的增大复合材料导热系数增加,当达到临界值后继续增大比值复合材料的导热系数基本不变。不同形状的填充颗粒有不同的临界值,圆柱形颗粒的临界值略大于正方体形和球形,而且对于同一种形状的填充颗粒,随着填充分数的增大临界值略有增加。     

压电陶瓷复合材料振动发电研究

根据仿真设计和计算结果,制备了悬臂梁结构压电陶瓷复合材料,并考察了其振动发电性能。对复合材料的内外阻抗进行匹配,获得了最大的功率输出并在最佳阻抗匹配条件下,研究了振动发电性能与激励振幅和频率的关系。研究结果表明,压电复合材料的振动发电功率随着激励振幅的增大呈二阶增大,随着激励频率的增大呈线性增大。     

材料和结构参数对悬壁梁式压电振子机电耦合性能的影响

对材料和结构参数对压电和基板不等长的矩形截面悬臂梁式双晶压电振子机电耦合性能影响进行研究。由Hamilton原理推导了压电振子振动方程模型,并试验验证了模型的准确性。理论分析显示,当电路阻抗匹配时,转换效率最大,且当粘性阻尼系数相同时,最优转换效率随着机电耦合系数增大而增大。压电振子机电耦合系数和压电材料机电耦合因子成正比;随着压电与基板模量比增大,机电耦合系数增大;压电与基板密度比对机电耦合系数影响微弱;机电耦合系数随压电与基板长度比和厚度比都呈先增后减趋势,存在最优长度比和厚度比使机电耦合系数达到最大值。结构优化后的机电耦合系数随模量比的增加而增大;不同模量比和密度比条件下,最佳长度比变化较小,总体变化范围为0.6~0.7;模量比对最佳厚度比影响显著,随着模量比增大最佳厚度比减小。研究成果可用以指导压电振子的设计。     

管材参数对输液管流固耦合振动的影响

采用特征线法对一蓄水池-管道-阀门(RPV)系统的流固耦合振动响应进行了数值计算,研究了管道结构阻尼、管材泊松比以及管道壁厚管道材料对系统振动响应的影响。结果表明：随着管道结构阻尼的增大,管壁本身的振动受到抑制;当管道结构阻尼大于某一临界值时,系统的振动能量主要集中在液体里,造成液体压力能的升高;随着泊松比的增大或管道壁厚的增大,液体的压能增大,管壁的轴向振动强度降低。     

非均匀压电薄板面内自由振动的精确解

由于板面内振动频率一般远高于通常的激励频率,所以一百多年来面内振动的研究一直处于停滞状态。随着高速飞行器和高速舰船的快速发展,以及直线型压电超声电机的研制,板的面内振动问题逐渐成为当前工程领域研究的热点。假设压电材料参数沿厚度方向以同一指数形式变化,给出了非均匀压电薄板面内自由振动的基本方程。应用分离变量方法,对四边简支非均匀压电薄板的面内自由振动的精确解进行了研究,给出了不均匀系数与振动频率之间变化规律。通过算例讨论了相关问题。     

高性能压电陶瓷纤维复合元件

美国海军资助 Advanced Cerametics Inc. ( ACI)进行高性能压电陶瓷纤维复合超声探头、声纳和振动元件的研究。去年 ,宾西法尼亚州立大学制备的整体单晶压电材料性能较传统压电材料性能提高近 10倍。而 ACI利用其陶瓷纤维加工技术制备的超声发生器 ,由于压电元件中垂直放置的纤维只能沿长度方向振动 ,大大提高了成像清晰度。该研究将结合单晶技术和 ACI的陶瓷纤维技术 ,考虑使单晶在高温下沿很细的纤维的长度方向生长 ,从而提高超声元件的性能高性能压电陶瓷纤维复合元件@杜林虎     

主共振与内共振下纵横耦合轴系动力学分析

考虑Von Karman非线性位移-应变关系,利用Hamilton原理建立了轴系纵横耦合下的动力学模型。利用Galerkin法对偏微分方程进行离散,采用多尺度法求解了离散方程。研究了纵向主共振并伴随内共振(由纵向第一阶固有频率近似等于横向第一阶正进动与反进动频率之和而产生)联合激励时轴系的动力学响应。研究表明随着系统参数以及激励载荷的不同,轴系出现不同的动力学特性。当激励载荷小于一临界值时,纵向激励力只能激起纵向振动,系统响应与线性系统一样;当载荷超过临界值时,纵向激励力同时激起了轴系的横向正进动与反进动频率,此时纵向振动出现能量饱和现象,能量从纵向渗透到横向。能量在正反进动模态间的分配与其正反进动频率成反比,从而使反进动幅值大于正进动幅值。同时响应中也出现跳跃现象。数值分析结果与摄动分析结果一致。     

压电圆盘的轴对称振动：改进的双勒让德多项式方法

压电陶瓷的力电耦合特性使其广泛应用于结构的形状控制、振动和噪声控制以及结构损伤监测等诸多领域。双勒让德多项式法通过在本构方程中添加两个方向上的矩形窗函数而自动满足压电结构的边界条件,成功应用于压电圆盘的振动特性研究。但该方法在求解高阶模态时面临大量的数值积分计算,时间成本剧增。该文章在传统双勒让德多项式法振动分析基础上,利用勒让德多项式性质推导了其中积分的解析表达式,使得计算效率提高90%以上。并通过与已有文献结果比对验证了该方法的正确性。最后分析了压电圆盘固有频率与径厚比的关系,结果显示频率半径积随着径厚比增大趋于稳定,且低阶更快达到稳定值。     

基于CFD技术的螺旋桨风机气流速度场数值模拟研究

为了检测帐篷结构的抗风能力,需建立相应的吹风试验系统。采用标准湍流模型对拟建立吹风试验系统中螺旋桨风机的气流速度场进行了三维实尺度数值模拟。分析了单风机和不同轴心间距时双风机的气流速度分布规律。结果表明单风机气流速度峰值位于风机轴心线上,风速沿流向逐渐减小。双风机气流速度关于通过风机轴心连线中点的垂面呈对称分布,气流速度叠加范围沿流向逐渐增大,距风机出口越远,风速分布越均匀。在通过风机轴心的垂面之间,风速沿流向逐渐增大,至距风机出口13~15m远处开始下降。双风机形成的气流速度在距风机12.2m远处的4m×7m矩形区域上分布均匀,风速值均大于20m/s。风机轴心间距为4m时,4m×7m矩形区域角点处均风速值较大。     

屈曲粘弹性倾斜矩形板的非线性振动分岔

根据屈曲粘弹性倾斜矩形板的非线性动力方程,采用Melnikov法及Galerkin原理研究了其在铅垂周期扰力作用下的非线性振动分岔。并讨论分析了倾斜角、长宽比、板厚等因素对屈曲粘弹性矩形板发生混沌运动区域的影响,得到了倾斜角、板厚的增加会使混沌运动区域减小,长宽比的增大会使混沌运动区域变大的重要结论。     

多风机组合式空调机组CFD仿真分析

对四风机机组进行CFD仿真分析,结果表明,垂直气流横断面上的速度分布与风机的气流分布有一定的关联,若风机对称分布,气流相应也会对称分布;距离风机越远的横断面,其速度分布越均匀;表冷器盘管具有导流作用,且其空气侧压降越大,出风面速度越均匀。在过气流方向的截面上,风机内的速度最大;风机出口处,由于气流截面突变,气流速度变化率最大,会产生剧烈的紊流。     

Numerical simulation of the guided Lamb wave propagation in particle reinforced composites

This paper deals with the investigation of the Lamb wave propagation in particle reinforced composites excited by piezoelectric patch actuators. A three-dimensional finite element method (FEM) modeling approach is set up to perform parameter studies in order to better understand how the Lamb wave propagation in particle reinforced composite plates is affected by change of central frequency of excitation signal, volume fraction of particles, size of particles and stiffness to density ratio of particles. Furthermore, the influence of different arrangements is investigated. Finally, the results of simplified models using material data obtained from numerical homogenization are compared to the results of models with heterogeneous build-up. The results show that the Lamb wave propagation properties are mainly affected by the volume fraction and ratio of stiffness to density of particles, whereas the particle size does not affect the Lamb wave propagation in the considered range. As the contribution of the stiffer material increases, the group velocity and the wave length also increase while the energy transmission reduces. Simplified models based on homogenization technique enabled a tremendous drop in computational costs and show reasonable agreement in terms of group velocity and wave length.     

The vibration characteristics of thick rectangular multilayered plates

We develop the analysis and numerical calculations for the exact free vibration characteristics of simply-supported, rectangular, thick, multilayered composite plates. We assume that each layer of the composite plate is of arbitrary thickness, is perfectly bonded to adjacent layers, possesses up to orthotropic material symmetry and that its material crystallographic axes are oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the plate's boundaries. Exact formal solutions are obtained for the individual layers which are, in turn, used to relate the field variables at the upper and lower layer surfaces. The solution is carried through by the successive application of appropriate interfacial continuity conditions between adjacent lamina. We facilitate our analysis and its numerical implementation by making use of the matrix transfer technique, thereby rendering the order of the resulting eigenproblem independent of the number of lamina. Numerical results are given in the form of scaled natural frequency versus nondimensionalized mode numbers. The effect of the plate's microstructure on its vibrational characteristics is investigated by examining changes in natural frequency and modal response for selected laminate lay-ups and material combinations.     

板式蒸发式冷凝器的性能实验

对板式蒸发式冷凝器进行的性能测试结果表明,在一定的结构形式下,存在最佳的入口风速和喷淋密度。同时根据实验结果拟合出板外水膜一空气间的传质系数关系式。另外,对基于同一蒸气压缩式制冷机组的水平管式和板式蒸发式冷凝器性能进行试验对比。结果表明,在测试条件下,采用板式蒸发式冷凝器的空调冷凝系统能效比提高了2．01％～3．1％,热流密度提高了20％～26％;与管式蒸发式冷凝器相比,板式蒸发式冷凝器换热器体积有所减小,而风机阻力和水泵功率略有增加。     

楔形阻尼层复合梁式吸振器设计及实验研究

针对弹性薄板结构在固有模态频率处振动过大的情况,对其进行了吸振控制的理论及实验研究。以典型简支板为控制对象,运用有限元方法设计了变阻尼层复合梁式吸振器并分析了其吸振效果,进一步通过实验对所获结论进行了验证,数值分析和实验测试结果一致表明：随着长度增加,用于吸振模态个数增加,吸振频带变宽,但每个频率上的吸振效果下降;对于板振动系统,具有较好的吸振效果的安装区域为激振点附近区域;复合梁用于吸振的模态阶数越低,吸振量越大。     

Elastic property measurement using Rayleigh-Lamb waves

A nondestructive technique is described for the measurement of elastic constants of isotropic plates using ultrasonic Rayleigh-Lamb waves. The experimental method employs continuous harmonic waves and a pair of variable-angle contact transducers in pitch-catch mode. The phase velocity of the R-L waves at a particular frequency is determined from the phase shift over a measured path length. This simple experimental technique can measure phase velocity over the range 1–10 mm/µs with an error of less than 0.5% over a frequency range of 50 kHz-2 MHz. Individual symmetric and antisymmetric modes can be generated through the selection of transducer angle and frequency. Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio for the material are calculated from measurements of frequency and phase velocity by a nonlinear least squares solution to the dispersion equations. The sensitivity of the nonlinear least squares function to the measurement region of the dispersion curve is investigated. It was found that estimations of material properties are more accurate and less sensitive to small experimental errors when only selected frequencies and R-L modes are used in the least squares calculation. This technique is demonstrated with several isotropic materials and with both thick (6 mm) and thin (0.8 mm) plates. Values for elastic constants determined by the contact transducer Lamb wave technique compare favorably with values measured using the pulse-echo-overlap method. The uncertainty in measurements of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio was less than 1% and 2%, respectively. The technique has advantages over more traditional methods for measuring elastic properties when it is desirable to use wavelengths greater than the plate thickness, when properties may vary with frequency, or when it is necessary to measure in-plane elastic properties of thin plate structures.     

Elastic Property Measurement Using Rayleigh-Lamb Waves

Abstract

A nondestructive technique is described for the measurement of elastic constants of isotropic plates using ultrasonic Rayleigh-Lamb waves. The experimental method employs continuous harmonic waves and a pair of variable-angle contact transducers in pitch-catch mode. The phase velocity of the R-L waves at a particular frequency is determined from the phase shift over a measured path length. This simple experimental technique can measure phase velocity over the range 1–10 mm/μs with an error of less than 0.5% over a frequency range of 50 kHz-2 MHz. Individual symmetric and antisymmetric modes can be generated through the selection of transducer angle and frequency. Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio for the material are calculated from measurements of frequency and phase velocity by a nonlinear least squares solution to the dispersion equations. The sensitivity of the nonlinear least squares function to the measurement region of the dispersion curve is investigated. It was found that estimations of material properties are more accurate and less sensitive to small experimental errors when only selected frequencies and R-L modes are used in the least squares calculation. This technique is demonstrated with several isotropic materials and with both thick (6 mm) and thin (0.8 mm) plates. Values for elastic constants determined by the contact transducer Lamb wave technique compare favorably with values measured using the pulse-echo-overlap method. The uncertainty in measurements of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio was less than 1% and 2%, respectively. The technique has advantages over more traditional methods for measuring elastic properties when it is desirable to use wavelengths greater than the plate thickness, when properties may vary with frequency, or when it is necessary to measure in-plane elastic properties of thin plate structures.     

加筋板机械导纳分频段计算方法

提出一种新的加筋板机械导纳分频段计算方法,该方法可给出加筋板机械导纳的显式表达。根据不同频段内加强筋对平板振动特性的影响规律,将加筋板在低频段、中频段和高频段分别等效为各向异性板、各向同性板以及无限大板,从而获得加筋板分频段机械导纳显式表达式。以模态叠加法计算结果作为参照,对分频段方法获得的加筋板机械导纳结果进行比较检验;并进一步以L型加筋板为分析对象,对比分频段方法与有限元方法,计算结果显示:分频段计算方法所得结果与模态叠加法和有限元法计算结果虽然略有差别,但对于工程计算,其精度令人满意。分频段方法比模态叠加法和有限元法更为简洁快速,且具有频段划分清晰、可保留结构中低频段模态信息等优点,为后续简化分析更为复杂的加筋耦合结构振动特性提供了新途径。