纸板装饰和深加工的若干工艺技术探讨

纸板是瓦楞纸箱、纸盒等产品生产的主要原材料,它的性能如何直接或间接影响了产品的内在质量和使用效果。对瓦楞纸箱、纸盒等包装产品来说,具有耐磨、防水和防潮性能,并且具有较高的强度和较好的气密性,是纸板使用特性的基本质量要求。但是,纸厂生产出来的普通纸板,往往是不具备良好的耐磨性、防水性和防潮性能等。     

高分子量聚丙烯腈中空纤维膜铸膜液流变性能的研究

采用气压式毛细管流变仪对聚丙烯腈/二甲基乙酰胺/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PAN/DMAc/PVP)中空纤维铸膜液的流变性能进行了研究.实验结果表明,该铸膜液属假塑型流体.物料性质,如PAN分子量、PAN质量分数、添加剂质量分数会影响体系的流动性能.PAN分子量为Mη=13.1×104、PAN质量分数为14%、添加剂PVP质量分数为10%时,该铸膜液的流动性最好.另外,温度对体系的流动性也有影响.对特定的PAN铸膜体系来说,升高温度使体系的黏度降低,流动性变好;而当体系中PAN分子量增大、PAN质量分数增加时,体系的黏度增大,活化能变大,因而对温度的敏感性也增强.     

包装印刷

<正> 采用纳米技术提高瓦楞纸箱的防潮性能瓦楞纸箱是可再生利用的环保包装,但是,纸箱的基材是纸,普通的纸容易产生吸潮使其强度大幅度下降而影响包装性能。若采用纳米拒水剂涂覆于瓦楞纸箱内层,就可以使纸箱具有较好的防水、斥水功能,进而达到防湿、防潮性能,这样,就可以盛装含水率较高的物品。如采用     

简讯

国内首创的 CF—4号纸箱防潮上光剂通过鉴定由河南医科大学附属卫校化学教研室郭大众等共同研制的 CF—4号纸箱防潮上光剂,最近在郑州通过河南省教委组织的技术鉴定。该产品以高分子材料和石蜡为主要成膜物质,以水为溶剂,在一定温度下加乳化剂乳化而成。这种防潮剂涂膜光亮,坚硬耐用,防潮效果好,无毒无气味,完全可代替防潮     

十大方案解决瓦楞纸箱防水防潮问题

近年来冰鲜肉、果蔬、医药等冷链包装市场规模越来越大,瓦楞纸箱受防水防潮性能不佳原因所困,受到一定的局限。可以说,行业急需从根本上解决纸箱包装受潮后易塌箱的问题。以下十大方案,对瓦楞纸箱防水防潮方案有行业借鉴之处。     

PEG400存在下聚乙烯膜的光氧化降解特性研究

通过对聚乙烯的特性黏度、凝胶含量、羧基含量和红外光谱特征吸收的测定,研究了PEG400含量为8%(质量分数,下同),5%,1%,0.1%,0%的五种聚乙烯膜样品在人工加速老化实验下的光氧化降解特性,并利用扫描电镜对PEG400含量为1%的聚乙烯膜进行了表面形貌分析.结果表明:在实验条件下,PEG400明显加速了聚乙烯膜中的自由基反应,致使聚乙烯分子交联和断链,并在聚乙烯分子链中引入了羰基和羧基;当PEG400含量为1%时,聚乙烯膜的降解效果最为明显,光照60d后基体聚乙烯的特性黏度由67.6 Pa·s下降为34.9 Pa·s,凝胶含量为5.84%,羧基含量为1.29%.     

高强度冷冻防潮瓦楞纸箱研制

目的利用新型经纬线纸研制高强度冷冻防潮瓦楞纸箱,以适应冷链食品低温贮藏、运输的物流环境。方法实验测试经纬线纸包装特性,确定其适合瓦楞纸板的组分;应用Ansys分析软件,建立经纬线瓦楞纸箱和普通瓦楞纸箱的有限元模型,模拟实际流通环境对纸箱模型施加载荷,求出2种瓦楞纸箱的抗压强度;进行空箱抗压实验,比较2种方法下经纬线纸箱与普通纸箱的抗压强度大小。结果用预应力经纬线纸作为瓦楞纸箱的面纸,在低温流通环境中其空箱抗压强度比相同芯纸和里纸的普通瓦楞纸箱高约30%,并且经纬线纸纸箱的质量比普通瓦楞纸箱的质量低12%。结论在实际生产中,可以利用经纬线纸制造高强度的低温防潮箱,以适应冷链流通环境,也可以制作低克重高强度纸箱,以节约纸箱用纸量。     

环境湿度对瓦楞纸箱品质的影响

目的评价环境相对湿度对瓦楞纸箱质量的影响。方法在23℃和相对湿度为50%,70%,98%的环境中,比较3层、5层和7层瓦楞纸箱的抗压强度、耐破强度以及吸湿率等性能指标。结果瓦楞纸箱的吸湿率和含水率随环境湿度的升高而增大;当环境相对湿度在50%~70%时,瓦楞纸箱的耐破强度、边压强度及抗压强度等性能保持稳定;当环境相对湿度达到98%时,3层、5层和7层瓦楞纸箱的耐破强度比相对湿度50%条件下分别降低了53.8%,74.1%和76.3%,边压强度分别降低了71.4%,70.3%和77.5%,抗压强度和堆码层数显著下降;7层瓦楞纸箱的防潮耐压能力优于3层和5层。结论高湿度会引起瓦楞纸箱的性能指标显著降低,功能受损。     

基于PE复合工艺的冷冻水产瓦楞纸箱

冷冻水产瓦楞纸箱是由一张瓦楞纸板模切折叠而成,纸板面纸为复合纸,由超薄压光牛皮纸、薄膜形态的聚乙烯PE、国产牛皮纸复合而成,纸板里纸表面涂布防水涂料,部分防水涂料被压入里纸浅表层,形成新的物质层,使涂料与里纸浅表层紧密结合在一起。本产品防水、防潮性能优异,印刷效果好,经济效益高,可广泛应用于自动包装线上机械开箱、装箱、打包等。     

丙酸钙改性聚乙烯抑菌薄膜制备与性能研究

以线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)为基材,首先利用丙酸钙等通过双螺杆挤出装置进行共混改性,制得改性聚乙烯粒子,然后将改性聚乙烯粒子与聚乙烯树脂混合进行挤出流延,制得丙酸钙改性聚乙烯抑菌薄膜;对制得的薄膜进行光学性能、力学性能、水蒸气透过率、透气性、微观结构以及抑菌性能的测试分析。研究表明,薄膜中添加剂比例会影响到薄膜的性能,当丙酸钙的质量分数为2%、改性SD树脂的质量分数为2%时,获得的薄膜性能最佳。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.