Application of artificial intelligence to rock mechanics: An overview

Different artificial intelligence(AI)methods have been applied to various aspects of rock mechanics,but the fact that none of these methods have been used as a standard implies that doubt as to their generality and validity still exists.For this,a literature review of application of AI to the field of rock mechanics is presented.Comprehensive studies of the researches published in the top journals relative to the fields of rock mechanics,computer applications in engineering,and the textbooks were conducted.The performances of the AI methods that have been used in rock mechanics applications were evaluated.The literature review shows that AI methods have successfully been used to solve various problems in the rock mechanics field and they performed better than the traditional empirical,mathematical or statistical methods.However,their practical applicability is still an issue of concern as many of the existing AI models require some level of expertise before they can be used,because they are not in the form of tractable mathematical equations.Thus some advanced AI methods are still yet to be explored.The limited availability of dataset for the AI simulations is also identified as a major problem.The solutions to the identified problems and the possible future research focus were proposed in the study subsequently.     

Determining control strategies for damage tolerance of an active tensegrity structure

Tensegrity structures are spatial, reticulate and lightweight systems composed of struts and cables. Stability is provided by a self-stress state between tensioned and compressed elements. Tensegrities have received interest among scientists and engineers in fields such as architecture, civil and aerospace engineering. Flexibility and ease of tuning make these systems attractive for controllable and adaptive structures. However, tensegrities are often prone to difficulties associated with meeting serviceability criteria and with providing adequate damage tolerance when used as civil engineering structures. This paper extends research on active control of tensegrity structures to study self-repair of a tensegrity pedestrian bridge that is damaged. Self-repair is intended to meet safety and serviceability requirements in case of cable damage in the pedestrian bridge. Intelligent control methodologies that implement stochastic search with active member grouping are proposed. Case studies for several damage scenarios are presented to show the effectiveness of the methodology. Results from simulated damage scenarios show that self-repair can be successfully performed with a minimum number of active members leading to a reduction in control complexity.     

人工智能时代的土木工程

人工智能为土木工程学科的发展带来新的机遇,人工智能技术深度融合土木工程基础设施规划、设计、建造和养维护的全生命周期,深刻变革土木工程科学、技术与工程的发展。人工智能的深度学习和机器学习算法、计算机视觉、无人机、3D打印、BIM、虚拟现实和增强现实等应用于土木工程,将形成无人化、全自动、智慧化、实景体验的城市和区域规划、以及土木工程设计、建造、养维护和灾害管控的新技术。该文从基于人工智能的城市智能规划、结构智能设计、智能建造、智能养维护、智能防灾等方面阐述人工智能在土木工程领域的相关研究和应用。     

Machine Learning Techniques for Civil Engineering Problems

The growing volume of information databases presents opportunities for advanced data analysis techniques from machine learning (ML) research. Practical applications of ML are very different from theoretical or empirical studies, involving organizational and human aspects and various other constraints. Despite the importance of applied ML, little has been discussed in the general ML literature on this topic. In order to remedy this situation, I studied practical applications of ML and developed a proposal for a seven–step process that can guide practical applications of ML in engineering. The process is illustrated by relevant applications of ML in civil engineering. This illustration shows that the potential of ML has only begun to be explored but also cautions that in order to be successful, the application process must carefully address the issues related to the seven–step process.     

FRP约束混凝土柱发展现状简述

作为一种在土木工程中开始被广泛应用的新型结构材料,FRP具有轻质、高强、抗腐蚀和耐疲劳等优点,近年来备受国内外土木工程界的关注。简要介绍了FRP约束混凝土在土木工程中的应用,并对其研究现状进行简述,最后探讨了值得进一步深入研究的若干关键问题。     

Langzeitmessungen an einer Eisenbahnbrücke

Long‐Term Measurements on a Railway Bridge During the last decades possibilities in terms of structural monitoring methods have been continuously developed. Several applications of different systems and approaches have shown an constant trend towards support of conventional visual inspection using objective measurement data. The focus is on monitoring and surveillance of bridges which represent exceptionally sensible engineering structures. Knowledge gained from long‐standing activities of the authors in the area of bridge monitoring as well as the results from long term measurements on a railway bridge in Austria are represented in this paper.     

PBL模式在桥梁工程设计教学中的应用探讨

根据土木工程多目标应用型人才培养的需要,以工程能力培养为目标,将PBL教学引入桥梁工程设计。以项目为载体,将理论教学与课程设计相结合,通过PBL模式实施教学改革,同时分析了PBL模式在教学中应注意的问题。实践表明,在桥梁工程设计中应用PBL模式能提高教学质量,对培养学生的实践能力和创新精神有积极作用。     

Einsatz des nichtrostenden Duplex‐Stahls 1.4362 als preisgünstige Alternative im Bauwesen

Use of duplex stainless steel 1.4362 as reasonable alternative in civil engineering applications. Due to drastically increased prices for raw materials in a lot of cases the standard austenitic stainless steels often used in civil engineering are no longer competitive. The duplex stainless steel 1.4362 represent a low cost alternative but it has not yet an official national technical approval. By means of exposure tests as well electrochemical investigations the corrosion behaviour of this type of steel should be clarified in slightly acid, chloride‐containing environments as they often occur in practical applications. The results show that the low cost steel 1.4362 could be used as alternative materials for civil engineering applications where up to now austenitc stainless steels as e.g. 1.4404 or 1.4571 were applied.     

纤维聚合物增强筋在土木工程中的应用

纤维聚合物增强筋(FRP筋)具有轻质、高强、耐腐蚀、无磁性等优异性能,近年来已开始应用于桥梁、码头、机场、雷达站及岩土工程中,引起了国内外土木工程界的极大关注。本文介绍了FRP筋这一新型材料的主要性能及在国內外土木工程的应用。     

Engineering geomorphology: A UKuk perspective

Engineering geomorphology has developed at a rather disappointingly slow rate in the UK since publication of the earlier applications in the 1970’s. Among the more notable contributions of geomorphological techniques and expertise to civil engineering have been the various landslide mapping surveys carried out for road construction projects overseas and in the UK. However, while geomorphological mapping has proved to be a useful tool for landslide assessment and the planning of geotechnical ground investigations there are four main constraints that currently limit the professional application of engineering geomorphology to civil engineering practice. First, the subject has not received universal acceptance by civil engineers who often see it as too academic and not directly applicable to engineering design. Second, when geomorphological mapping has been used it has often been applied at the beginning of a project and frequently continual geomorphological interpretation is not allowed to take place as the geotechnical ground investigation and design take place. Third the technique of geomorphological mapping is the most familiar geomorphological tool known to the civil engineer and the valid and often cost-effective contributions that geomorphologists can make to other civil engineering studies using different techniques are frequently not recognised. Finally, so-called engineering geomorphologists trained in the UK often do not have sufficient knowledge of engineering design criteria to be gainfully employed on civil engineering projects. Some of these problems may be resolved by a reconsideration of the training given to potential engineering geomorphologists in the UK, possibly by the British Geomorphological Research Group and the Engineering Group of the Geological Society, and a greater awareness among civil engineers of the full potential that engineering geomorphology can offer.     

FRP约束混凝土柱研究与应用中的若干关键问题

简要介绍了FRP复合材料的特点和在土木工程中的应用情况 ,最后 ,对FRP约束混凝土柱研究与设计中的若干关键问题进行了探讨     

超高性能混凝土在结构中的应用

超高性能混凝土(UHPC)具有超高的力学性能和超高的耐久性能,被认为过去三十年最优异的水泥基复合材料之一,能较好地适应当前土木工程结构大型化、复杂化的趋势,也能符合社会可持续发展对高性能材料发展要求。近年来,UHPC材料与结构已成为热点研究方向,相关专利与论文数量呈指数型增长,UHPC应用数量、范围与地区不断攀升,各类规范与标准也在不断地制定与修订之中。文章围绕超高性能混凝土的研究与工程运用现状,概括总结超高性能混凝土的性能特点,梳理超高性能混凝土在桥梁工程、建筑工程以及防护工程等领域的应用现状,结合笔者团队在超高性能混凝土应用方面的实践感悟,探讨超高性能混凝土规模化应用的关键环节,为超高性能混凝土材料今后进一步研发与应用提供参考。     

基于OBE理念的桥梁工程专业教学设计PBL方法创新与尝试

随着教育改革创新的不断深入,为推动现代教育技术与教育教学的深度融合,提高高等工程教育的教学质量,根据桥梁工程课程教学所面临的新形势,引入基于OBE理念的PBL教学方法并应用于教学中。桥梁工程作为土木工程专业开设的一门基础理论课程,具有知识面广、实践性强、难度大的特点。结合教学经历和学生反馈,对桥梁工程教学内容、教学法的目标分解、教学法实施与应用进行改革,从"以问题为主线、教师为主导、学生为主体"三方面出发,搭建创新型课堂,以桥梁事故和连续梁桥施工方法为例进行说明。通过实践应用,不仅激发了学生主动求知的欲望,培养了学生的创新思维和团队协作能力,还提升了学生认知问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力,提高了成果产出。     

A large-scale dataset of buildings and construction sites

With the rapid development of deep learning and machine automation technology, as well as workforce aging, increasing labor costs, and other issues, an increasing number of scholars have paid attention to the use of these techniques to solve problems in civil engineering. Although progress has been made in applying deep learning to damage detection, many subfields in civil engineering are still in the initial stage, and a large amount of data has not been used. Moreover, the rapid development of a field cannot be separated from large open-source datasets and many researchers. Therefore, this study attempts to construct a dataset named the BCS dataset of nearly 212,000 photos of buildings and construction sites using multi-threaded parallel crawler technology and offline collection. The dataset will be expanded regularly. As a practical demonstration, the StyleGAN3 and StyleGAN2 generative adversarial networks were utilized on the dataset to create faked safety hat images and high-resolution architectural images. Subsequently, four classic classification models were employed to validate the dataset, achieving a Top-1 accuracy of up to 0.947. These results underscore the dataset's excellent potential for practical applications.     

基于图像的虚拟现实技术在土木工程领域的应用

基于图像的虚拟现实 (Image BasedVirtualReality—IBVR)使观察者能够同时看到真实世界以及扩充了真实世界的、来自于计算机模型的信息 ,从而具有更丰富的信息空间。IBVR是计算机领域的前沿课题之一。本文首次提出了IBVR技术在土木工程领域的应用 ,论证了基于仿射变换的IBVR方法及其对桥梁工程的应用。结果表明IB VR为土木工程可视化提供了一个新的好方法 ,具有广阔的应用前景。     

优化技术在土建结构设计中的应用

近年来国内外对土建结构设计的优化进行了大量工作。优化的对象涉及结构工程的各个方面。本文试图综述各国在土建结构设计中运用优化技术的概况,类如梁、懔条、框排架、桥梁、桅杆以及建筑体系等,着重于所采用的数学模型与经济效果。评述仅限于实际应用的范围,并不包括有关的全部文献,本文正讨论了在建立优化数学模型时土建结构在目标函数、约束条件以及设计变量上的一些特点和问题。     

Modal parameter identification for closely spaced modes of civil structures based on an upgraded stochastic subspace methodology

Based on a recently developed stochastic subspace identification methodology equipped with an alternative stabilization diagram and a hierarchical sifting process, this research aims to improve this approach for more efficiently identifying the modal parameters of civil structures with closely spaced modes. The concept of a doubly folded stabilization diagram is proposed to combine the advantages of both the conventional and alternative stabilization diagrams for achieving better computational efficiency. In addition, the hierarchical sifting process is further refined to more properly handle closely spaced modes. The investigated cases for the occurrence of extremely close modes in civil engineering structures include axially symmetric stay cables, a symmetric cable-stayed bridge with respect to the pylon, and a uniformly arranged office building. Applying the upgraded SSI methodology established in this study, it is demonstrated that the modal parameter identification of civil engineering structures with extremely close modes can be elevated to an advanced level with a frequency space index at the order of 0.1%. Such an accurate identification and distinction is particularly important in the practical applications of structural health monitoring to prevent the false alarms resulting from the confusion of two extremely close modes. Furthermore, this approach also performs well in the determination of mode shape vectors for closely spaced modes to provide an excellent tool for observing their corresponding orthogonality property and high sensitivity.     

土木工程施工课程教材改革研究

1998年颁布了新的《普通高等学校本科专业目录》,设立了新的土木工程专业。土木工程专业涵盖了建筑工程、道路工程、桥梁工程、地下工程等领域,其施工课程内容较以前有了拓展。基于此,章对土木工程施工教材的内容及表达形式的改革进行了探讨,以便在新的教学大纲下更有效地组织教学。     

Deflection behavior of a prestressed concrete beam reinforced with carbon fibers at elevated temperatures

Fiber reinforced polymer(FRP) have unique advantages like high strength to weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, improving deformability and cost effectiveness. These advantages have gained wide acceptance in civil engineering applications. FRP tendons for prestressing applications are emerging as one of the most promising technologies in the civil engineering industry. However, the behavior of such members under the influence of elevated temperatures is still unknown. The knowledge and application of this could lead to a cost effective and practical considerations in fire safety design. Therefore, this study examines the deflection behavior of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) prestressed concrete beam at elevated temperatures. In this article, an analytical model is developed which integrates the temperature dependent changes of effective modulus of FRP in predicting the deflection behavior of CFRP prestressed concrete beams within the range of practical temperatures. This model is compared with a finite element mode (FEM) of a simply supported concrete beam prestressed with CFRP subjected to practical elevated temperatures. In addition, comparison is also made with an indirect reference to the real behavior of the material. The results of the model correlated reasonably with the finite element model and the real behavior. Finally, a practical application is provided.     

纤维增强塑料筋在土木工程中的应用

纤维塑料增强筋（Fiber Rcinforced Polymerrcbar,简称FRP筋）在土木工程中的应用,是国内外土木工程界的前沿课题之一。FRP筋的高强、轻质、耐腐蚀、抗疲劳、抗磁性、电绝缘性、徐变小、比重小、低弹性模量等性质,奠定了其在土木工程中应用的基础。文章在综合国内外相关资料的基础上,综述了FRP筋的物理力学性能,介绍了FRP筋在桥梁工程、海洋工程、岩土工程等领域的应用,并提出了展望和需进一步研究的问题。