CVaR准则下考虑过度自信行为的报童模型研究

为研究风险厌恶零售商对随机市场需求的信念有过度自信行为时的订货策略，以CVaR作为风险度量准则，建立了CVaR下过度自信的报童模型.探讨风险厌恶程度和过度自信行为对零售商的最优订货决策及相应条件风险值的影响，分析过度自信零售商和完全理性零售商的信念条件风险值与实际条件风险值.研究结果发现:在一定风险水平下，过度自信导致零售商条件风险值降低且订货量偏离完全理性时的情形.数值算例验证了模型的有效性，为现实中零售商的订货决策提供了理论支持.     

考虑用户反应的配电公司最优购售电与风险管理策略

以一致性风险指标条件风险值(CVaR)衡量风险,提出一种考虑用户需求价格弹性的配电公司购售电最优策略,以期望售电利润最大化和购电风险最小化为目标,在优化购电结果的同时确定对用户的售电价格.所建立模型是一个随机规划问题,可以通过转化法求解.在此模型中,配电公司通过多种方式购电,如现货市场、远期合约和自备电厂等.仿真结果表明,在考虑售电侧用户的响应及购电侧的现货价格波动后,配电公司的购售电策略更贴近实际情况,为购电商实施购售电综合风险管理提供了一个新的思路.
     

Downside Risk-Aversion Analysis for a Single-Stage Newsvendor Problem

We extend the classical newsvendor problem by introducing a downside risk constraint from the perspective of inventory control. At the beginning of a replenishment period the newsvendor will place an order, then he will review the inventory level at the end of the period. If the inventory level is positive then he will bear the holding cost and if the inventory level is negative then he will bear the backorder cost. The optimal order quantity has a simple form. We analyze the form of the optimal order quan-tity when we restrict that the probability that the cost level is larger than or equal to a fixed cost constant is less than a fixed value of probability. At last, we analyze the case that the fixed cost constant is equal to the expected cost.     

Analysis of Conditional Value-at-Risk for Newsvendor with Holding and Backorder Cost under Market Search

We consider a distribution system with one supplier and two retailers. For the two retailers, they face different demand and are both risk averse. We study a single period model which the supplier has ample goods and the retailers order goods separately. Market search is measured as the fraction of customers who unsatisfied with their ＂local＂ retailer due to stock-out, and search for the goods at the other retailer before leaving the system. We investigate how the retailers game for order quantity in a Conditional Value-at-Risk framework and study how risk averse degree, market search level, holding cost and backorder cost influence the optimal order strategies. Furthermore, we use uniform distribution to illustrate these results and obtain Nash equilibrium of order strategies.     

基于均值-CVaR- 熵的社保基金最优投资组合模型

为研究社保基金最优投资组合问题,在借鉴现代投资组合理论的基础上,从证券投资组合理论的风险度量着手,用条件在险价值（Conditional Value at Risk,CVaR）和熵来共同度量风险,提出新的风险度量模型：均值-CVaR-熵模型。在保证投资组合收益率的前提下,以 CVaR 和叉熵函数的线性组合为最小目标函数,在险价值（Value at Risk,VaR）为约束条件,构建考虑交易成本和政策约束下不允许卖空的基于均值 CVaR 熵的社保基金投资组合模型,探讨社保基金的投资方式及投资比例的分配问题,并利用实际数据求得该模型的最优解及各资产的分配比例。结果表明多元化投资是我国社保基金投资实现保值增值目的的必然选择。     

基于CVaR理论的原油采购策略研究

在采购原油过程中,企业除了控制采购成本,还需控制潜在风险损失。文章利用金融领域的条件风险价值理论度量企业面临的潜在风险损失,结合随机规划理论构建了一个两阶段的原油采购决策模型,并结合我国原油进口实际进行了算例分析,分析结果对指导企业原油采购及风险控制具有参考意义。     

含有资本结构因子和交易成本的均值-CVaR投资组合策略选择模型

以CVaR为度量风险的标准,建立了机会约束下含有资本结构因子和交易成本的均值-CVaR投资组合选择模型.运用优化理论,得到最优解的解析表达式,利用Matlab给出该模型的最优解、最优解均值及CVaR的程序,最后通过算例对模型的应用予以说明,发现在考虑资本结构因子和交易成本后最优策略发生了改变.     

基于CVaR的期货套期保值决策模型

利用CVaR控制期货套期保值资产组合的风险限额,构建以CVaR为目标函数的期货套期保值决策模型,从而求出空头和多头不同策略下的CVaR最优套期保值比,并给出套期保值行为的绩效分析,最后结合实例进行分析.     

Acquisition and production management with two inventories under fluctuating prices and demand

We propose a continuously deterministic procurement-production-inventory model to optimize the raw material procurement and production problem with raw material inventory and finished products inventory when the raw material purchasing price, the production cost, the raw material inventory holding cost, the finished products holding cost, and the demand rate fluctuate over time. We use Hamilton-Lagrange function and Pontryagin’s maximum principle in optimal control theory to analyze the model, and we obtain the necessary and sufficiency conditions of the optimal solution to the model. We find some optimal policies regarding the procurement and production under some special circumstances. Biography: CAO Xiaogang(1982–), male, Ph. D. candidate, research direction: production and operations management.     

基于动态R-Vine Copula的银行股指投资组合及风险度量研究

金融资产价格之间的波动往往具有结构相依性。为了研究银行股指数据间这种复杂关系,能够进一步准确度量金融风险,本文以我国六大银行股指数据为研究对象,利用ARMA-GJR-SkT模型作为单一资产序列的边缘分布,以灵活的R-Vine Copula模型为基础,联合构建投资组合模型。通过滚动时间窗口的Monte Carlo技术及MST-PRIM算法确定各类模型的RVM结构,在此基础上结合逆变换法仿真模拟收益率序列,并利用模拟收益率进一步计算VaR与CVaR,最后经返回值检验法对模型进行验证。结果表明：建立最优的投资组合模型是精准度量金融风险的关键;在风险度量时,相同的置信水平下,CVaR模型比VaR模型更可靠。置信水平不等时,其值增大的同时,失败天数会减小。     

A protocol for fair electronic purchase based on concurrent signatures

E-commerce protocols for the electronic purchase of goods are difficult to design and implement due to their complexity and high security demands. Fairness of such protocols in literature highly depends on an additional TTP（trusted third party）. However, it is difficult to find such a TTP in some situations. In addition, fairness for customers has been neither fully considered nor well satisfied in existing electronic purchasing protocols. In this paper, a new protocol FEP （fair electronic purchase） without a special TTP but an online bank is presented based on a concurrent digital signature scheme. The FEP protocol guarantees fair electronic purchase of goods via electronic payment between consumers, merchants and their online banks. The protocol is practical and the analysis based on the game logics shows that it achieves the properties of viability, fairness, and timeliness.     

基于风险控制的供应链结构优化问题

供应阶段的供应链结构问题实质是供应商数量问题．在定量分析供应商数量与供应风险及采购总成本关系的基础上,建立了多目标优化模型．通过模型求解,给出在指定供应风险水平下最优供应商数量与采购总成本。     

非线性Mean-CVaR框架下的资产和破产风险管理

为了克服尾部风险测度CV aR(cond itiona l va lue-at-risk)模型本身的不足,并且给“如何实现资产组合的破产风险与期望利润的最优配置”问题提供一个更现实的答案,提出了非线性M ean-CV aR模型。该模型在CV aR模型基础上,把风险资本的来源内生于资本禀赋,把风险资本的机会成本引入利润函数。利用该模型分析了美国典型商业银行的资产和风险资本选择。结果表明:与CV aR模型相比,M ean-CV aR模型降低了银行的利润率和风险资本储备率,同时储备率的降低更为显著。     

基于GARCH模型的风险价值在现货黄金市场的比较研究

风险价值VaR现广泛运用于金融风险测量中,但基于正态性假设的VaR并不能很好的处理金融变量中的尖峰厚尾性且VaR未能考虑更加重要的尾部风险,CVaR 弥补了VaR方法存在的缺陷.利用基于GARCH模型的CVaR在性质上的优越性,通过现货黄金市场的实证研究,对不同分布下的VaR及CVaR值进行比较,得出新的结论.我们发现基于GED分布GARCH模型的VaR及CVaR值要好于基于正态分布及t分布的VaR及CVaR值.     

MC-GARCH模型在互联网金融风险度量中的实证研究

针对互联网金融风险测度问题,提出了MonteCarlo模拟法。首先,选取中证互联网金融指数作为研究对象,并对数据进行基本的统计分析,得出中证互联网金融指数对数收益率具有尖峰厚尾性和异方差性的特点,建立GARCH模型,对序列的均值和方差进行估计;其次,基于GARCH模型计算出的均值和方差,利用MonteCarlo模拟法计算中证互联网金融指数的VaR和CVaR值;最后,对模型的准确性和精确度方面进行Kupiec返回检验。结果表明:VaR和CVaR均可作为度量互联网金融风险的工具,但VaR无论在准确性上还是精确度上都远低于CVaR,故CVaR是一种更优良的风险测度工具。     

基于风险偏好的零售商买入期权订购模型

传统供应链研究以假设双方为风险中性为主,但实践中不同管理者对风险有不同需求.以嵌入式期权为基础,应用条件风险值(Conditional Value at Risk, CVaR)的方法反映风险偏好,构建随机需求下的单个零售商和单个供应商组成的两级供应链期权契约模型,分析推导出零售商的最优期权购买量,反映了零售商的风险偏好对买入期权的最优购买量和收益都有重要影响.风险规避程度越高,购买量和收益就越小.最后,通过算例进一步验证研究结果.     

A Disk Scheduling Algorithm： SPFF

We put forward an optimal disk schedule with n disk requests and prove its optimality mathematically.Generalizing the idea of an optimal disk schedule, we remove the limit of n requests and, at the same time, consider the dynamically arrival model of disk requests to obtain an algorithm, shortest path first-fit first （SPFF）. This algorithm is based on the shortest path of disk head motion constructed by all the pendent requests. From view of the head moving distance, it has the stronger glohality than SSTF. From view of the head-moving direction, it has the better flexibility than SCAN. Therefore, SPFF keeps the advantage of SCAN and, at the same time, absorbs the strength of SSTF. The algorithm SPFF not only shows the more superiority than other scheduling polices, but also have higher adjustability to meet the computer system＇s different demands.     

考虑大用户直购电的电网公司风险管理探讨

在电力市场环境下,大用户直接购电的实施打破了电网公司作为“单一购买者”的垄断局面。本文针对大用户直接购电给电网公司（PGC）带来的风险进行了研究分析,以现代投资组合理论、效用理论为基础,采用了CVaR评估方法,分析了PGC的风险管理策略,有助于电网公司明确交易风险,帮助其达到利润最大化和风险最小化的经营目的。     

基于消费者选择偏好的可替代品订货策略

基于消费者选择偏好,建立了相应零售商利润-订单量的条件风险价值模型。以零售商利润为最优化目标,在市场总需求不确定时,考虑零售商风险偏好、消费者选择偏好及两种产品的可替代性,研究零售商的最优订货策略。研究结果表明,当产品订货量在一定范围时,产品替代性将失去作用:当两种产品总订货量在一定范围时,产品最优订货量随顾客偏好系数及产品替代系数的提高而增大,随替代产品顾客偏好系数和零售商风险规避程度的提高而减小:产品与替代产品间的顾客偏好系数差异越大,两产品总订货量越大。     

基于期权合同的逆向供应链协调机制

为加强逆向供应链中制造商和回收商之间的合作关系,综合利用初始协议供货价格的稳定性和期权契约的供应弹性,建立了基于期权合同的逆向供应链利润分配模型,并与报童模型下的最优决策进行了比较.研究表明:无论在分散式决策还是集中式决策下,期权机制下的逆向供应链及其成员的最优决策均优于报童模型.通过调整期权契约参数,使得分散式决策下各成员决策与系统整体最优决策一致,而且实现了总收益在制造商和零售商之间的合理分配,达到逆向供应链的协调和帕累托最优.最后通过数值算例验证了期权合同在逆向供应链协调中的有效性,并分析了契约参数对回收商最优供货量以及双方利润的影响.