塑料玩具中有害物质风险分析-以ABS塑料玩具为例

简要介绍了塑料玩具市场情况和塑料玩具中有害物质的大致分类,引入对市售的ABS塑料儿童玩具中的多环芳烃含量的风险分析实验,参考德国、美国EPA、欧盟和中国一系列关于塑料制品中多环芳烃检测标准,汇总有关ABS塑料中多环芳烃含量、毒性资料和测试结果,重点分析了ABS塑料儿童玩具中残留的多环芳烃的潜在风险性,针对政府、企业、消费者三个方面给出一些风险控制的建议,以及减少有毒物质在ABS玩具中出现的具体建议。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定玩具中18种多环芳烃

建立了玩具中18种多环芳烃含量的气相色谱/质谱联用检测方法,18种多环芳烃的质量浓度在2. 5～250μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积均呈现出良好的线性,相关系数均大于0. 999。方法检出限在0. 019～0. 114μg/L之间,回收率在80. 2%～115. 3%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差RSD为4. 1%～9. 2%(n=6)。实验表明,该方法对玩具样品18种多环芳烃检测均有很好的适用性,该方法简便快速、灵敏度高、定量准确,可用于玩具样品种多环芳烃类物质的定性和定量分析。     

玩具中有害化学物质的检测研究进展

玩具已成为儿童生活中不可缺少的物品之一。随着玩具中有害化学物质对儿童的健康产生的危害成为社会关注的热点话题,儿童玩具的安全性也逐渐受到重视。儿童玩具中有害物质主要有重金属、增塑剂、多环芳烃及部分有机物等。文章综述了近年来国内外关于玩具中有害化学物质的要求及检测方法的研究进展。     

玩具中有害化学物质的检测研究进展

玩具已成为儿童生活中不可缺少的物品之一。随着玩具中有害化学物质对儿童的健康产生的危害成为社会关注的热点话题,儿童玩具的安全性也逐渐受到重视。儿童玩具中有害物质主要有重金属、增塑剂、多环芳烃及部分有机物等。文章综述了近年来国内外关于玩具中有害化学物质的要求及检测方法的研究进展。     

固相萃取法和GC-MS联用检测石油污染物中17种多环芳烃

文章建立了一种检测石油污染物中多环芳烃的方法。该法采用商品化的硅胶和氧化铝混合填料固相萃取柱对样品中的烷烃和多环芳烃进行分组,实验结果表明,烷烃及多环芳烃的加标回收率在85.6%~104.9%,分组效率优越,可满足实验需求,消除了烷烃对多环芳烃检测的干扰。在该基础上,对石油样品进行净化处理,经过检测,可准确得到石油样品中多环芳烃的含量,石油样品中多环芳烃的加标回收率数据在85.3%~105.9%,RSD(n=5)范围为2.2%~7.3%,方法具有较好的重现性。本方法操作简便、选择性好、灵敏准确,可应用于石油样品中多环芳烃的检测研究。     

海水中16种多环芳烃的高效液相色谱法测定

建立了高效液相色谱仪同时测定海水中16种多环芳烃含量的测定方法。通过对样品提取、净化和仪器分析条件优化,实现了16种多环芳烃化合物较好的色谱分离,其中15种多环芳烃采用荧光检测器检测,另外1种多环芳烃采用紫外检测器检测。结果表明16种多环芳烃在1~500μg/L质量浓度范围内,均具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.99。当取样体积为500 mL时,定量限范围为0.002~0.040μg/L。空白海水在0.05~0.50μg/L的添加浓度下,16种多环芳烃的平均回收率为66.5%~110.7%,RSD值均在14%以内。该检测方法回收率较高,精密度好,能够满足日常检测工作要求。     

可吸入颗粒物中多环芳烃的GC/MS/MS分析方法

采用GC／MS／MS法分析了大气可吸入颗粒物样品中的多环芳烃，通过实验找出了MS／MS分析的优化条件，准确检测出样品中18种多环芳烃。结果表明，对基体复杂的样品，这种方法可大大简化样品预处理步骤，节省分析时间。     

食品级塑料制品中多环芳烃检测方法研究进展

简要概述了食品级塑料制品的种类及产生多环芳烃的因素,详细分析了食品级塑料多环芳烃检测方法,包括塑料制品中提取多环芳烃的萃取方法和分析检测方法。目前关于食品级塑料中多环芳烃的检测方法研究主要集中在液相色谱和气相色谱法,优化分析检测条件,可以显著提高检测效率。超高效合相色谱法、表面增强拉曼光谱、恒能量同步荧光等技术也逐步应用于食品塑料的检测中。探索检测方法可以对食品塑料制品中的多环芳烃进行更加高效、精准的监测,切实保障消费者的健康,加强塑料制品的安全控制。     

塑料制品中多环芳烃检测方法研究进展

多环芳烃主要由煤、石油及其他有机物不完全燃烧产生,其普遍存在于塑料和橡胶等石油化工产品中,同时作为一种内分泌干扰物,其具有致癌、致畸和致突变作用。但目前我国针对于塑料制品中多环芳烃限量要求和检测标准并不完善,因此,建立一种简便、高效的针对塑料制品中多环芳烃的提取和检测方法十分必要。本文对多环芳烃的常用前处理方法如超声萃取、微波萃取法以及目前新兴高效的前处理方法如加速溶剂萃取法,同时针对检测手段如气相色谱法、高效液相色谱法、超高效合相色谱等进行了综述。     

SERS快速检测水溶液中多环芳烃应用现状分析

以表面增强拉曼光谱分析法对多环芳烃的快速检测为切入点,对多环芳烃传统检测方法及新型快速分析方法进行分析,对传统检测方法及新型检测方法的优缺点进行概述,对2008至2020年SERS检测多环芳烃研究现状进行分析,并对1996至2020年有关拉曼光谱分析多环芳烃研究领域文献产出量进行分析,对应用SERS技术研究PAHs文献...     

玩具和儿童用品中的邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂方法比对结果分析与评价

采用EN14372:2004条款6.3.2、CPSC-CH-C1001-09.3和GB/T 22048-2008方法 B,测定玩具和儿童用品不同材料中邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂的含量。对方法比对测试结果的分析表明,某些材料不同方法测试结果差异较大。玩具和儿童用品测试邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂含量时,需按不同材料选择合适的测试方法。     

塑料制品中多环芳烃的高效液相色谱法测定

采用微波辅助萃取法提取塑料制品中的多环芳烃,并采用高效液相色谱法对其进行了测定。该方法所用色谱柱为多聚C18(LC-PAH)柱,流动相为乙腈/水,采用梯度淋洗方式,开始时为40%乙腈,28min后变为82%乙腈,48min后变成100%乙腈,保持8min。该方法的线性范围为0.099～200mg/L,线性相关系数为0.9993～0.9999,平均回收率为60.7%～109.8%,其相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.6%～8.8%,检出限(信噪比S/N=3)为0.05～0.1mg/kg,完全可以满足塑料制品中多环芳烃的检测要求。     

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Residential Soils from an Indian City near Power Plants Area and Assessment of Health Risk for Human Population

This article deals with the distribution, composition profiles, and possible sources of sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in residential soils from Korba district in Chhattisgarh State, India. Sixteen priority PAHs in soils were analyzed after ultrasonic extraction, silica gel column chromatographic cleanup, and quantitation was performed using HPLC-DAD. The concentrations of ∑16PAHs were within acceptable limits of soil quality guidelines and the study area got classified as weakly contaminated. The concentration of probable human carcinogenic PAHs in soils accounted for 10% of ∑16PAHs. The concentration of Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP) accounted 1% to total PAHs. Benzo(a)pyrene Toxicity Equivalency (BaP_TEQ) for 16 PAHs was 30 ± 12 μg BaP_TEQ kg^?1. The composition profiles and molecular ratios of PAHs suggested mixed pyrogenic sources of PAHs from combustion of coal, wood, and vehicular exhaust emissions. Human health risk was assessed by calculating the lifetime average daily dose (LADD) and incremental life time cancer risk (ILCR) for human adults and children. Estimated ILCR was within safe limit (10^?6?10^?5), indicating low risk to human population. Potential risk to contaminated ground water from leaching of carcinogenic PAHs was assessed by estimating the Index of Additive Cancer Risk (IACR).     

C_(18)膜萃取—气相色谱/质谱法测定海螺沟冰雪中多环芳烃

优化了C18固相膜萃取条件,建立了C18膜萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用测定海螺沟冰雪中16种多环芳烃的分析方法。结果表明,C18圆盘萃取减少了提取时间、提高了萃取效率、节省了试剂,还可以加大取样量。采用GC/MS的选择离子检测方式对分别加有高、中、低三种浓度混标的3 L纯水中PAHs进行定性定量分析,测得相对标准偏差小于15.83%,平均回收率分别为75.98%~99.30%、79.50%~91.60%和76.31%~89.78%,方法检出限为0.001 0~0.010 7μg/L。将本方法应用于海螺沟雪水的检测,结果满足其冰雪中多环芳烃的分析要求。     

GC/MS内标法测定全钢载重子午线轮胎中的多环芳短含量

介绍轮胎中多环芳烃的危害以及来源,采用气质联用结合内标法测定了不同品牌和规格的全钢载重子午线轮胎主要部位受限制的8种多环芳烃的含量。各部位样品的超声波萃取液经气质联用的选择离子监测模式采集数据后,根据内标法建立的标准曲线计算其中的多环芳烃含量。本方法灵敏、准确、可靠且适用于轮胎中各部位多环芳烃含量的测定。     

固相膜萃取-气相色谱/离子阱质谱法测定水中17种多环芳烃

利用固相萃取膜富集,气相色谱-离子阱质谱联用法测定水中17种多环芳烃。通过实验表明,该方法操作简便,灵敏度高,精密度好,采用气质联用技术,内标法测定,定性、定量准确。用该方法测定实际样品,平均回收率为80%～113%,17种多环芳烃的方法检出限为0.07～0.23μg/L。     

Characterization and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Water from Liaohe River,Northeast China

ABSTRACT

In this study, the characteristics, probable source, and potential carcinogenic risk of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface water of the Liaohe River were investigated. Twelve sampling points were selected, and water samples were collected in both dry and flood periods of 2011. Sample analysis indicated that the concentration of total PAHs varied from 840.50 ng/L to 4274.73 ng/L in the flood period, and from 387.76 ng/L to 1997.83 ng/L in the dry period. The representative PAHs in the flood period were benz[a]anthracene (Baa), naphthalene (Nap), and chrysene (Chr), whereas Phenanthrene (Phe), fluoranthene (Flu), and pyrene (Pyr) were the representative PAHs in the dry period. The compositional pattern of PAHs indicated that four-ring PAHs were predominant in the flood period, whereas three-ring and four-ring PAHs dominated in the dry period. The different PAH congener ratios indicated that PAHs in surface water of the Liaohe River mainly originated from a mixed source in the flood period, and from combustion in the dry period. Based on the methods of Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) and the benzo[a]pyrene toxic equivalent (TEQ), the potential cancer risk was quantitatively assessed, and the results suggested that there was a potential cancer risk in surface water of the Liaohe River and more attentions must be paid to the PAHs contamination. The cancer risk in the teenager group was the most, followed by the children group, adult group, and infant group, and toddler group was the least.     

Personal Exposure of Children to Particle-Associated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Tianjin,China

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with fine particles are harmful to human health, particularly to children, who are most vulnerable. To evaluate the respiratory exposure of children to particle-associated PAHs properly, personal air sampling near breathing zone of 36 schoolchildren were conducted in Tianjin, China. Sixteen priority PAHs designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency were measured using GC-MS. The average concentrations of personal exposure to ∑₁₆PAH were 27.31 ± 3.91 ng/m³ in summer and 58.18 ± 24.68 ng/m³ in winter. Moreover, PAH profiles were studied and the results showed NAP, BbF, and IPY were the most abundant PAHs. Five rings PAH species made up the largest proportion, accounting for 25.7% in summer and 32.6% in winter. Diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis indicated combustion activities were the major source for children exposure to particle-associated PAHs in this study. According to the risk assessment results, the inhalation exposure risk for children were higher than the acceptable risk level of 10–⁶, indicating the health issues of children should be paid more attention. On the basis of sensitivity analysis results, further research should be done to improve the inhalation cancer slope factor of BaP and the concentration distribution of PAHs in order to improve the accuracy of the health risk assessment.     

基于酸碱法和树脂法的土壤多环芳烃分级

分别采用酸碱提取法和非极性离子交换树脂（简称XAD-8树脂）提取法将土壤分为轻组分和重组分（胡敏酸、富里酸、胡敏素）,并研究多环芳烃在各组分中的赋存特征。2种方法提取的各种组分物质吸收峰形基本相似,即提取物质一致,但提取物的响应值有明显差别。酸碱分级法和树脂分级法提取的总多环芳烃含量均为轻组高于重组,而重组中多环芳烃主要分布在胡敏素中,分别占重组中多环芳烃总量的54% 左右、75% 左右。酸碱分级法和树脂分级法提取的多环芳烃总量回收率分别为100.7% 和147.2%。