扩散渗析处理盐湖卤水提锂酸性废液的研究

采用扩散渗析法处理盐湖卤水提锂过程中产生的酸性废液,研究了扩散渗析对复杂的溶液体系酸性废液的处理性能,考察了水酸比和料液流量对酸回收率以及盐截留率的影响。研究表明,H＋能够很好的透过阴离子交换膜,二价离子的截留率远远大于一价离子的截留率。酸的回收率随着水酸比的增加而增加,却随着料液流量的增加而降低。     

膜法回收钛白废液中硫酸的实验研究

本文研究了自制的均相渗析阴膜对对钛白废液中废酸的回收效果,实验考察了膜的交换容量,苯环卤含量,废液中的组分的相对浓度等因素对渗析过程的影响,结果表明,用自制的阴膜回收膜废液中的Ｈ２ＳＯ４是可行的,能实现Ｈ２ＳＯ４与其他成分如ＦｅＳＯ４,Ｔｉ（ＳＯ４）２的良好分离,其分离系数分别不低于２６．０和５１．０。     

碱性燃料电池用阴离子交换膜的改性研究

阴离子交换膜(AEM)是碱性阴离子交换膜燃料电池(AAEMFC)的关键部件之一,对碱性阴离子交换膜燃料电池的综合性能具有重要的影响。结构改性是提高阴离子交换膜性能的有效手段,文章综述了碱性燃料电池用阴离子交换膜的改性的一些研究成。     

阴离子交换膜在酸性铬蓝K降解脱色中的应用

在电解槽中 ,镀铂的阴离子交换膜将电槽分隔成为阴、阳两室。研究卤素离子 X-( X=Br、I)嵌入阴离子交换膜后阳极室中有机染料降解脱色的电化学行为。以分光光度法测试了嵌入阴离子交换膜中卤素离子对酸性铬蓝 K的降解脱色效果。实验表明 ,嵌入离子交换膜中的卤素离子 X-( X=I,Br)对酸性铬蓝 K有明显的降解脱色效果。酸性铬蓝 K被卤酸盐氧化降解的过程属一级反应 ,以 Br O-3 与 IO-3 为氧化态粒子时的反应速度常数分别等于 4.0× 1 0 -4/s与 1 .39× 1 0 -4/s     

用于生产纯水的电再生型电渗析设备Kana Zawa,Naoyo等（ Nippon Rensui Co.daoan ）

该设备包括(A)阳离子交换膜和(B)阴离子交换膜，两者交替排列在阳极室和阴极室之间：(C)用阴离子交换膜和阳离子交换膜分开的脱盐室；(D)用阳离子交换膜和因离子交换膜分开的浓缩室，阴离子交换剂和阳离子交换排列在脱盐室中，该设备可去除水中的弱电解质。     

离子交换膜技术处理冶金工业废液的研究与应用

离子交换膜技术是一种很有潜力的分离方法，在废水处理方面有广阔的应用前景。作者综述了电渗析法、离子膜电解法和扩散渗析法等离子交换膜技术处理冶金工业废液的研究与应用现状。该技术不仅节能、工艺简单、节省原料、不会产生二次污染，还能实现盐的电化学分解，使组分充分回收，而且设备简单紧凑，易于操作。但该技术要实现工业化必须针对冶金工业废液的特点，加强离子膜合成的研究，改进离子膜装置，使研究与应用相互促进。     

阴离子交换膜改性及抗污染性能研究进展

电渗析技术应用于工业废水脱盐时,废水中有机物及其它杂质组分等会造成膜污染,进而影响脱盐性能。电渗析膜污染防治对促进电渗析在工业废水处理中的应用有重要意义。相比于阳离子交换膜,阴离子交换膜更易形成有机污染,且更严重。阴离子交换膜污染主要由腐殖酸、牛血清蛋白、阴离子表面活性剂等有机物造成,污染过程主要受静电作用、亲和作用和几何因素的影响。膜改性提高阴离子交换膜的抗污染性能是电渗析膜污染防治的有效方法,目前已有许多有关膜改性提高阴离子交换膜抗污染性能的报道。膜改性方法主要有化学改性法、等离子体改性法、表面涂覆改性法、电沉积改性法、自聚合改性法及改进基膜结构法等。本工作对阴离子交换膜改性及抗污染性能的研究进展进行了综述,对不同改性方法的优缺点进行了分析和评价。这些改性方法能提高阴膜表面的负电荷密度和亲水性、降低膜表面粗糙度和基膜含水率等,因此可以改善阴离子交换膜的抗污染性能。然而,目前研究获得的改性阴离子交换膜仍存在修饰层不稳定、抗污染性能不理想和性能测试不系统等缺点,需进一步优化改性方法、改性工艺、组分修饰及性能测试等,以获得抗污染性能稳定且效果良好的改性阴离子交换膜。     

KS-1型扩散渗析膜的研制及其在处理含稀土酸液中的应用

本文提出了一种新型扩散渗析膜的制备方法。该膜是一种均相强碱性阴离子交换膜—聚甲基丙烯酸N-(2-羟丙基)三甲胺酯膜。新型扩散渗析膜(定命为KS-1型膜)是以甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯为主要原料通过涂浆方法制得的。KS-1型扩散渗析膜具有优良的透酸性能和耐酸性。它可被用于扩散渗析法回收稀土萃取液中的酸。试验结果表明KS-1型膜可以使酸通过而有效地阻止稀土金属离子通过。     

耐碱型燃料电池用阴离子交换膜的研究进展

对含有不同官能团的燃料电池用耐碱型阴离子交换膜的研究进展进行了综述。重点讨论了季铵类阴离子交换膜中季铵基团的降解机理。对国内外关于耐碱性阴离子交换膜的研究报道进行了系统的梳理和介绍。     

耐碱型燃料电池用阴离子交换膜的研究进展

对含有不同官能团的燃料电池用耐碱型阴离子交换膜的研究进展进行了综述。重点讨论了季铵类阴离子交换膜中季铵基团的降解机理。对国内外关于耐碱性阴离子交换膜的研究报道进行了系统的梳理和介绍。     

Nitric acid and sodium hydroxide generation by electrodialysis using bipolar membranes

An electrodialysis process with bipolar membranes was used to generate HNO3 and NaOH from NaNO3 which can be found in industrial waste waters. The current efficiency of this process is limited by proton leakage through the anion exchange membrane (AEM), co-ion leakage through bipolar membranes (BPM) and water transport through the ion exchange membranes. Three cell configurations using three or two compartment cells with different anion or cation exchange membranes (CEM) in stack series were used and compared. Electrodialysis with three compartments gives the best current efficiencies for nitric acid and sodium hydroxide production from sodium nitrate.     

PVC膜对硝基酚离子选择电极的制备及应用

本文介绍了以乙基紫为载体的 PVC 膜对硝基苯酚离子选择性电极的制备方法,并利用该电极对煤气工业废水中酚含量进行测定,取得了满意的结果。     

A water-soluble,low-cytotoxic and sensitive fluorescent probe based on poly(ethylene glycol) for detecting sulfide anion in aqueous media and imaging inside live cells

Sulfide anions are generated not only as a byproduct from industrial processes but also in biosystems. Hence, fluorescent probes for detecting sulfide anion which are water soluble, sensitive, selective and biocompatible are highly sought-after. In this study, we report a water-soluble, low-cytotoxic and sensitive fluorescent sensor for detecting sulfide anion. In this probe, the strong electron-withdrawing dinitrobenzenesulfonate ester group is incorporated onto fluorescein fluorophore, and correspondingly the fluorescence of fluorescein is efficiently quenched; while when the dinitrobenzenesulfonate ester is cleaved by the nucleophilic sulfide anion, the substantial fluorescence enhancement can be observed. Furthermore, poly(ethylene glycol) is coupled onto the fluorophore to impart the probe water-soluble and low cytotoxicity. The probe is capable of permeating the cell membrane and realizing sulfide anion monitoring and imaging in live cells and real sample. This technically-simple modification strategy may be suitable for fabricating some other fluorescent probes with enhanced biocompatibility and water solubility.     

工业废水电渗析过程中膜污染研究进展

综述了工业废水电渗析体系膜污染类型、性质、影响因素等的研究进展. 无机污染主要是Ca2+, Mg2+或其他高价离子在离子膜表面或内部形成的结垢现象,原理是极化或溶液过饱和形成沉淀. 有机污染是由蛋白、腐植酸、表面活性剂及大分子有机物在离子膜表面沉积或渗透到膜内部而形成,原因主要是带负电荷的有机物与阴膜荷正电基团的静电作用及带苯环有机物与基膜的亲和作用,其次是有机物分子大小与膜的网络结构的作用. 膜污染形成及其性质与施加电流、共存组分、温度、pH值和运行时间等密切相关,可造成离子膜导电性、离子交换容量、水含量和极限电流密度等减小,且有机污染对电渗析性能的影响比无机污染更严重. 由有机物凝胶层形成的膜污染可用电渗析膜污染指数定量描述.     

Nitrate removal of brackish underground water by chemical adsorption and by electrodialysis

Nitrate content has increased in Morocco, especially in underground water of agrarian areas. Several processes including degradation processes and separation processes can remove nitrate from water. Two separating processes were studied to remove nitrate from brackish underground water: adsorption on industrial animal waste and electrodialysis equipped by anion monovalent membrane. The results show that a desired product water quality can easily be obtained by electrodialysis contrary to chemical adsorption which requires a great reactional surface.     

Separation of strong acids by electrodialysis with membranes selective to monovalent ions. An approach to modelling the process

In this work some mixtures of sulphuric and nitric acids have been separated and concentrated by selective electro-dialysis (SED) using heterogeneous membranes. Selective membranes can now be used for the separation of acids since anion exchange membranes with reduced transport number to multivalent ions are commercially available. The electric performance of the system has been analyzed and a correlation between current density, hydrodynamic parameters and concentration was established. The modelling of the SED experiments can be achieved with a good fitting for various membrane configurations of industrial interest. Experimental results show that at operation times lower than 40 minutes, the selective anion exchange membranes efficiently exclude the sulphate anions. The nitrate anions fall to zero concentration at 60 minutes of operation and then the sulphate anions begin to cross through the membrane.     

PEI交联的PECH/nylon复合阴离子交换膜的制备及性能研究

聚环氧氯丙烷（PECH）是一种线性高分子聚合物,具有较好的稳定性和成膜性能,且以PECH为基体制备阴离子交换膜,可避免致癌物质如氯甲醚、双氯甲醚的使用,但存在机械强度差与吸水性较大等缺点。本研究采用聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）作为交联剂,通过其与PECH发生交联反应,在其内部形成网状结构限制PECH膜在水中的过度溶胀,从而增强膜的机械强度,同时引入尼龙网布（nylon）作为支撑材料进一步提高膜的力学性能,制备了QCPECH/nylon复合阴离子交换膜。研究结果表明,制备的P1膜在电渗析应用过程中的脱盐效率（94.8%）比商业膜（Neosepta AMX）的脱盐效率（92.4%）更高,由此可见,用PEI交联的PECH/nylon复合阴离子交换膜在电渗析脱盐中具有潜在的发展前景。     

Surface layer modification of AEMs by infiltration and photo‐cross‐linking to induce monovalent selectivity

Surface modification of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) by attaching a negatively charged layer is the main method for preparing monovalent anion selective membranes. However, tremendous increase of membrane resistance and poor long‐term stability of the modified membranes face great challenges. In this work, a photosensitive molecule (4,4‐diazostilbene‐2,2‐disulfonic acid disodium salt [DAS]) was infiltrated into the membrane surface and immobilized in the structure by cross‐linking under UV irradiation. This method introduced negative charge to the surface layer of the AEMs without increasing membrane thickness, leading to high performance membrane with high monovalent anion selectivity. The optimized membrane (D‐5) shows the highest perm‐selectivity of 11.21, which is superior to the commercial selective membrane Selemion^® ASV and previously reported monovalent anion selective AEMs. Furthermore, the newly developed membrane exhibits excellent long‐term stability, which can maintain constant selectivity during the 80 h ED experiment. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 993–1000, 2018     

EDI用于处理含甲酸废水

在工业生产过程中,排放的废水里含有大量的甲酸。本文以含甲酸废水处理为研究对象,采用自主设计的一级一段电去离子膜堆装置,通过考察I-U、pH-U等特征曲线,研究了离子交换膜、离子交换树脂及树脂填充比例、流速等操作条件对膜堆性能的影响。结果表明：采用异相膜和凝胶型树脂、淡室填充100%阴树脂、淡水流速为2.5 L/h的操作条件,可使EDI膜堆效果最佳;不同甲酸浓度对能耗的影响比较小,淡室浓度变化情况基本相同;当淡室甲酸质量分数为1.00%时,EDI膜堆可获得较高的电流并具有较低的耗电量。总结认为该研究结果可为EDI处理甲酸废水工业装置提供设计依据。