疲劳荷载作用下植筋锚固粘结的滑移性能

为研究疲劳荷载对植筋拉拔承载力、粘结应力的影响,设计植筋直径为16~25 mm、锚固深度为10d~25d（d为植筋直径）的10组拉拔试件进行疲劳试验,试件经200万次荷载上限为0.45P_u的疲劳加载后均未破坏,施加静载至破坏。加载过程中测量植筋的应变、滑移和荷载。结果表明：疲劳荷载削弱了承载能力,试件经疲劳荷载作用后极限承载力下降,粘结应力的减小随循环加载次数增加呈对数发展趋势。分析了粘结应力与试件破坏形态的关系。对于拔出破坏的试件,达到一定植筋深度后,胶筋界面的粘结应力是控制试件破坏与否的主要因素。增加植筋直径和锚固深度,粘结应力峰值逐渐降低,沿锚固长度的应力分布曲线趋于平缓,提高了植筋整体受力性能。     

隧道围岩中注浆锚杆的应力分布及影响因素研究

为深入研究注浆锚固应力分布变化规律,以圆形隧道开挖为例,将注浆锚杆与周围浆体视作锚固体,分析锚固体受力特征,推导锚固体轴应力和剪应力表达式。通过理论分析和数值模拟对比证明理论解析的合理性,并分析不同影响因素下锚固体应力分布的变化规律,通过数值模拟与理论对比分析验证解析方法的可行性。锚固体两端轴应力均接近0,且在中性点处轴应力最大;锚杆直径越小,中性点越靠近隧洞中心;锚杆长度L对应力分布的影响最大,锚固体直径d_s、围岩内聚力c和初期支护施作时距掌子面的距离X₁对应力分布的影响次之。     

全长粘结锚杆锚-浆界面应力的分布规律

在局部变形理论基础上,对全长粘结型锚杆锚-浆界面破坏类型的锚固机理进行分析研究。将注浆体与围岩视为相对位移为零的稳定体,通过确定其主要影响系数r、k_s分析得到锚-浆界面的剪应力与轴向荷载的双曲线应力分布形式。通过Flac 3D数值模拟技术和实验算例对其进行对比分析,证明其合理性。定义虚拟系数T用来描述锚杆与注浆体界面材料性质,并对其影响参数进行分析,发现锚杆长度在一定范围内可以增强锚固效果,但过度增加锚杆长度对杆体剪应力与轴向荷载影响较小;随着锚杆半径增大,锚浆界面剪应力峰值呈非线性减小,作用的范围增加,为避免产生应力集中现象,应避免使用半径较小的锚杆;虚拟系数T可以描述锚浆界面的相差度,T值增大,锚浆界面的剪应力增大,作用的均匀度及轴向荷载作用范围降低明显,可通过取合适的T值使锚固效果最佳。T值对锚杆锚固机制的影响较为明显。     

粘结式GFRP锚杆边坡锚固机理与实用设计方法

研究了粘结式GFRP锚杆的荷载传递机理与岩石边坡加固机理,提出了GFRP锚杆设计的原则、设计主要内容与流程、结构设计基本方法,并将之应用于工程实践.研究结果表明：GFRP锚杆的荷载传递取决于GFRP筋与砂浆之间的粘结性能,GFRP锚杆黏结力主要由化学胶结力、握裹力、机械交合力与机械锚固力组成,光圆锚杆与变形锚杆的粘结性能存在较大的差异;锚杆通过悬吊锚固、改变岩体应力状态、组合梁作用、阻滑抗剪等作用加固岩石边坡;由于GFRP锚杆对横向荷载有较强的敏感性,应加强对端部锚具的设计,建议采用钢套粘结式和楔形粘结式锚具.     

GFRP锚杆锚固机理试验研究

为了深入研究GFRP锚杆的锚固机理,模拟实际情况制作了试验模型,进行了拉拔试验.通过对实验结果的分析和研究,获得了砂浆粘结GFRP锚杆在拉拔条件下沿杆体的轴力和剪应力分布规律以及随荷载增大的演化过程,对荷载传递的机理进行了讨论,可为同类研究参考.     

静载与循环荷载作用下的锚杆拉拔数值模拟分析

为研究土层锚杆在静载与循环荷载作用下的锚固机理。采用FLAC3D有限差分软件建立单根锚杆拉拔计算模型,对静载与循环荷载作用下锚杆不同位置的轴力及水泥砂浆-土体界面剪应力及其分布规律进行数值模拟研究。静载作用下锚杆数值分析结果表明:锚杆顶端的轴力最大,并且沿着锚固深度呈逐渐减小趋势;随着拉拔力增大,界面剪应力峰值沿锚固深度移动,土层锚杆两端界面发生塑性破坏;锚杆周围土体位移逐渐增大,且土体发生位移的区域传递到到远离锚杆的区域。循环荷载作用下锚杆数值分析结果表明:正弦波的频率与幅值对界面剪应力有较大影响,界面剪应力沿着锚固深度呈先增后减的趋势。在锚固长度的1/10处,界面剪应力达到峰值,锚固体两端的界面剪应力较小,锚固体两端发生塑性破坏。     

GFRP抗浮锚杆与混凝土底板黏结特性现场试验

采用倒置的混凝土底板开展GFRP抗浮锚杆与其黏结性能的现场试验,探究实际工程中GFRP抗浮锚杆在混凝土底板中的受力特性,并测量GFRP抗浮锚杆与混凝土底板的相对滑移.结果表明:GFRP抗浮锚杆主要发生剪切滑移与拔断两种破坏形态,GFRP抗浮锚杆的弯折长度越大,其破坏荷载和极限抗拔承载力越小;直径28 mm的GFRP抗浮锚杆的弯折影响系数为0.56～0.89,弯折处理后GFRP抗浮锚杆的滑移量比未经弯折的滑移量小;未弯折与弯折处理后的GFRP抗浮锚杆相比,锚杆与混凝土的平均黏结强度提高1.6倍,锚杆杆体与混凝土底板的平均黏结强度随弯折长度的增加呈线性减小的趋势;通过将锚杆弯折或增加锚杆弯折长度的方法来提高GFRP抗浮锚杆与混凝土底板的抗拔承载力不可行,建议采取增大锚杆直径、增加混凝土底板厚度和增设应力扩散托盘等措施.     

岩石GFRP抗浮锚杆承载性能室内试验与机理分析

基于4根岩石GFRP抗浮锚杆的室内足尺拉拔破坏性试验,探讨了风化岩地基中全长黏结GFRP抗浮锚杆的界面黏结特性和承载性能,揭示了GFRP锚杆的细观破坏机理。结果表明：GFRP抗浮锚杆发生拔出破坏,主要是由螺纹表面劣化所引起的剪胀破坏;直径25 mm、灌浆体强度M30、锚固长度1.3和0.55 m的GFRP抗浮锚杆的极限抗拔承载力分别为255、195 kN,满足工程抗浮要求;GFRP抗浮锚杆杆体与灌浆体界面平均黏结强度介于2.41~5.10 MPa之间,高于《岩土锚固与喷射混凝土支护工程技术规范》（GB 50086—2015）中钢锚杆与灌浆体的黏结强度推荐值。     

玻璃纤维增强塑料锚杆粘结性能研究

为了研究玻璃纤维增强塑料GFRP(glass fiber reinforced plastic)锚杆的粘结性能,对GFRP锚杆轴向传力机理进行了研究,基于Mindlin位移解,得到GFRP锚杆的剪应力和轴应力的计算公式。利用MATLAB软件编制程序得到GFRP锚杆的剪应力及轴力沿杆体轴向方向的分布曲线。通过现场拉拔试验结合有限元分析软件ANSYS建模分析结果,得到了GFRP锚杆的剪应力、轴力沿杆体分布规律以及锚杆的粘结-滑移曲线,试验值与有限分析结果及理论计算值基本吻合,验证了有限元分析与理论推导的准确性。该研究为GFRP锚杆的设计和工程应用提供理论依据。     

冻融下预湿方式对塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土与钢筋粘结性能的影响

通过常压预湿和加压预湿两种方式对烧结页岩陶粒轻骨料进行处理,探究不同冻融循环次数下,塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土与钢筋的粘结性能,着重分析了两种预湿方式下试件力学性能、粘结强度、荷载滑移曲线、粘结韧性的变化规律。试验结果表明：加压预湿试件的力学性能、极限粘结强度低于常压预湿试件,且加压预湿试件的破坏形态均为劈裂破坏;加压预湿试件的极限粘结韧性A_u随冻融循环次数增加而减小,残余粘结韧性A₈₀、A₆₀下降较为平缓,但常压预湿试件粘结韧性均高于加压预湿试件。建立了冻融环境下塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土剩余粘结强度与抗压强度之间退化模型和粘结韧性退化模型,模型计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

Experimental and numerical studies on progressive debonding of grouted rock bolts

Understanding the mechanism of progressive debonding of bolts is of great significance for underground safety. In this paper, both laboratory experiment and numerical simulation of the pull-out tests were performed. The experimental pull-out test specimens were prepared using cement mortar material, and a relationship between the pull-out strength of the bolt and the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of cement mortar material specimen was established. The locations of crack developed in the pull-out process were identified using the acoustic emission (AE) technique. The pull-out test was reproduced using 2D Particle Flow Code (PFC^2D) with calibrated parameters. The experimental results show that the axial displacement of the cement mortar material at the peak load during the test was approximately 5 mm for cement-based grout of all strength. In contrast, the peak load of the bolt increased with the UCS of the confining medium. Under peak load, cracks propagated to less than one half of the anchorage length, indicating a lag between crack propagation and axial bolt load transmission. The simulation results show that the dilatation between the bolt and the rock induced cracks and extended the force field along the anchorage direction; and, it was identified as the major contributing factor for the pull-out failure of rock bolt.     

拉挤GFRP管材与钢管连接的拉伸试验研究

拉挤型GFRP管材节点的可靠连接是保证其正常工作的前提。为研究其拉伸连接性能,采用胶接连接和螺栓连接两种连接方式对GFRP管材与钢管连接件分别开展了拉伸试验研究。在胶接连接试验中,研究了胶层剪应力沿长度方向的分布特征、受力机理及失效过程、胶接长度对承载力影响等。试验结果表明：胶层剪应力在加载初期沿长度方向呈现两端大、中间小的分布特征,高应力发生在胶接端,并随荷载上升逐步往加载端胶层转移;胶接长度的增加能显著提高连接构件承载力,但当长度达到管径的1.6倍后,继续增加胶接长度对承载力的提升并不大,故可考虑将1.6倍管径作为GFRP管材的有效胶接长度。在螺栓连接试验中,研究了e/d（端距/栓径）、螺栓排数n对连接承载力及破坏模式的影响。试验结果表明：当e/d=7时,承载力达到最大值,破坏形式以挤压破坏为主;根据螺栓排数n与承载力的关系,可以推导相应折减系数来计算承载力。     

Parametric study on the axial performance of a fully grouted cable bolt with a new pull-out test

Modified cable bolts are commonly used in underground mines due to their superior performance in preventing bed separation when compared with plain strands. To better test the axial performance of a wide range of cable bolts,a new laboratory short encapsulation pull test(LSEPT) facility was developed. The facility simulates the interaction between cable bolts and surrounding rock mass,using artificial rock cylinders with a diameter of 300 mm in which the cable bolt is grouted. Furthermore,the joint where the load is applied is left unconstrained to allow shear slippage at the cable/grout or grout/rock interface.Based on this apparatus,a series of pull tests were undertaken using the MW9 modified bulb cable bolt.Various parameters including embedment length,test material strength and borehole size were evaluated. It was found that within a limited range of 360 mm,there is a linear relationship between the maximum bearing capacity of the cable bolt and embedment length. Beyond 360 mm,the peak capacity continues to rise but with a much lower slope. When the MW9 cable bolt was grouted in a weak test material,failure always took place along the grout/rock interface. Interestingly,increasing the borehole diameter from 42 to 52 m in weak test material altered the failure mode from grout/rock interface to cable/grout interface and improved the performance in terms of both peak and residual capacity.     

玻璃纤维管钢筋混凝土空心柱的轴压徐变性能

为研究玻璃纤维管钢筋混凝土空心柱轴压下的徐变性能,对空心柱轴压下的受力特性进行分析,建立了适用于玻璃纤维管钢筋混凝土空心柱轴压徐变公式。编制轴心受压荷载作用下徐变分析程序计算徐变应变与时间关系曲线,并通过已有试验对该程序的正确性进行验证。在程序正确性的基础上,计算空心率、混凝土强度、作用荷载及玻璃纤维管壁厚等主要参数对其轴压徐变性能的影响。结果表明：空心柱的徐变应变在28 d以内（作用初期）增长较快,28 d以后增长速度变得缓慢,大约6个月以后徐变应变趋于稳定。空心率和混凝土强度对玻璃纤维管钢筋混凝土空心柱轴压徐变影响较小,其次是玻璃纤维管壁厚,作用荷载对徐变影响较大。     

An analytical analysis for the mechanical performance of fully-grouted rockbolts based on the exponential softening model

This paper presented a novel bond-slip model to better reveal the mechanical behavior of the bolt-grout interface for fully-grouted rockbolts under tensile loads by considering the non-linear response in the softening stage. The exponential decay function is adopted for describing the non-linear response in the softening stage. Based on the improved bond-slip model, the corresponding analytical solutions for the interfacial shear stress and the axial force of the bolt under different loading stages are solved. Then, the validity of this proposed model was verified by comparing with the experimental results. The results show that compared with the linear softening model, the proposed model is more suitable for predicting the mechanical performance of fully-grouted rockbolts. Finally, a series of parametric studies are conducted to explore the effect of model parameters on the mechanical properties of fully-grouted rockbolts. The results indicate that compared with the anchor length, the bolt diameter and the bond strength of the bolt-grout interface have a significance influence on the ultimate load of bolt, especially for the elastic and softening stage. Moreover, it can be found that using the linear softening model maybe overestimates the supporting performance of grouted bolt, resulting in an unsafe design for bolt.     

端部锚固对温度作用下CFRP-混凝土界面黏结行为影响

为了明确端部锚固措施对碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)-混凝土界面黏结行为的影响,采用解析理论手段建立了温度作用下端锚CFRP-混凝土界面剥离全过程理论模型。结合常温界面黏结理论,引入双线性黏结-滑移本构,推导了界面滑移、界面剪应力以及CFRP正应力分布表达式,给出了界面荷载-滑移响应及界面剥离承载力模型,通过与试验和数值结果对比验证了解析模型的正确性,并在此基础上进行了参数化分析。分析结果表明:相比于纯外贴的CFRP-混凝土黏结界面,端部锚固可提高温度作用下的界面剥离承载力,能有效限制温度变化引起的黏结界面端部的界面滑移和剪应力,提高CFRP在温度作用下所承担的正应力,即提高CFRP的强度利用效率;对于端部锚固CFRP-混凝土黏结界面,在温度达到胶黏剂玻璃化温度前,温升会提高界面的承载性能,而温降会导致加载端界面提前剥离,降低加固界面的剥离承载力;CFRP黏结厚度和弹模的增加会使温度变化对界面黏结行为的影响更加显著。