对乳腺癌手术患者实施有氧运动联合正念减压疗法的效果评价

目的探讨有氧运动联合正念减压疗法对乳腺癌手术患者负性情绪、希望水平、主观幸福感及生活质量的影响。方法将乳腺癌手术患者90例按随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组各45例。对照组进行常规护理干预,观察组在常规护理干预基础上实施有氧运动联合正念减压疗法。结果干预后观察组压力知觉、焦虑、抑郁评分显著低于对照组,希望、主观幸福感评分显著高于对照组,生活质量总分及各维度得分显著高于对照组(均P0.01)。结论对乳腺癌手术患者实施正念减压疗法结合有氧运动,可使患者正视、认知和调控不良情绪,降低其压力、焦虑、抑郁水平,从而提高患者术后希望水平和生活质量。     

负压治疗联合盆底肌训练对前列腺癌根治术后患者控尿功能及性功能的影响

目的探讨负压治疗联合盆底肌训练对前列腺癌根治术后患者控尿功能及主观幸福感的影响。 方法将中山大学附属第三医院2016年10月至2019年4月泌尿外科确诊为前列腺癌并行腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术治疗的70例患者,按随机数字表法分为干预组和对照组各35例,其中对照组35例采用常规护理（盆底肌功能锻炼）,干预组35例在常规护理基础上,术后6周起再增加负压治疗。比较对照组和干预组术后6周、10周、18周控尿功能恢复情况,同时进行国际勃起功能评分表（IIEF-5）评分及主观幸福感调查,观察其治疗效果。 结果干预组术后6周、10周、18周尿失禁评分中位值分别2分、1分与0分,低于对照组的2分、2分与2分,提示干预组术后平均控尿功能恢复时间较对照组短,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;此外干预组相比对照组,IIEF-5评分及主观幸福感评分上升速度较快,提示干预组术后勃起功能和生活质量改善情况明显优于对照组。 结论负压治疗联合盆底肌训练对前列腺癌根治术后患者的控尿功能和性功能有明显改善,且缩短其恢复时间。     

归因训练对临床实习前护生专业自我概念的影响

目的探讨归因训练对临床实习前护理本科生专业自我概念的影响,为护生的专业思想教育提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法,选取即将进入临床实习的100名本科三年级护生作为研究对象,随机分为试验组和对照组各50名。对照组按日常的教学活动进行,试验组在日常教学活动的基础上参加为期2个月的归因训练。2个月后,应用护理专业自我概念量表进行测试。结果归因训练后,与对照组比较,试验组护生护理专业自我概念总均分、技能、满意度、沟通交流维度均分显著提高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。结论归因训练有助于稳定护理本科生的专业思想,促进其专业自我概念的发展。     

乳腺癌手术患者绘画训练主导的功能锻炼研究

目的探讨绘画训练主导的功能锻炼对乳腺癌术后患者负性情绪、患侧肢体功能和淋巴水肿的影响。方法将90例乳腺癌手术患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和干预组各45例。对照组实施乳腺癌常规护理,干预组在常规护理基础上进行绘画训练主导的功能锻炼。结果干预14d后,干预组肩关节前屈、后伸、外展、内收角度显著高于对照组,激惹、抑郁和焦虑得分显著低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);两组淋巴水肿程度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论绘画训练主导的功能锻炼能有效缓解乳腺癌术后患者的负性情绪,改善肩关节活动度,但对淋巴水肿的效果需延长时间进一步观察。     

协同护理模式在乳腺癌患者术后康复中的应用价值分析

目的探索协同护理模式在乳腺癌患者术后康复中的应用价值。方法选取2019年8月至2020年2月于某三甲医院行乳癌根治术的80名患者作为对照组,采取常规护理;选取2020年2月至7月于某三甲医院行乳腺癌根治术的80名患者作为观察组,开展协同护理。常规护理组实施常规术后护理,协同护理组在常规护理的基础上合并实施协同护理。结果经过3个月护理干预后,比较上述两组患者的自我护理能力与社会应对方式及生活质量。结果显示,观察组患者自我护理能力明显高于对照组(P0.05);患者社会应对方式明显优于对照组(P0.05);患者生活质量评分明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论应用协同护理模式能有效提高乳腺癌术后患者自我护理能力,显著改善社会应对方式,提高患者生活质量。     

三阶段叙事疗法对结直肠癌根治术患者术后疼痛程度、心理弹性及应对方式的影响

目的:研究三阶段叙事疗法对结直肠癌根治术患者术后疼痛程度、心理弹性及应对方式的影响。方法:选取我院2020-2022年收治的78例接受结直肠癌根治术的患者作为研究参与者，将其随机分为观察组和常规组，每组39例。常规组患者术后给予常规护理，观察组在对照组基础上给予三阶段叙事疗法护理，比较2组患者手术前后疼痛评分、心理弹性(CD-RISC)以及应对方式(MCMQ)评分。结果:治疗后观察组患者疼痛评分显著低于常规组(P<0.05);观察组患者CD-RISC评分显著高于常规组(P<0.05);观察组患者面对评分显著高于常规组(P<0.05),回避和屈服评分显著低于常规组(P<0.05)。结论:三阶段叙事疗法可改善结直肠癌根治术患者术后疼痛程度、心理弹性及应对方式，值得临床推广应用。     

居家腹膜透析患者自我护理能力考核的实践

目的提高居家腹膜透析(PD)患者自我护理能力及改善其健康状况。方法将86例居家PD患者按门诊就诊奇偶数分为对照组与观察组各43例。对照组进行常规健康教育;观察组进行自我护理能力考核和分层次健康教育。结果3个月后观察组PD相关感染并发症发生率显著低于对照组,自我护理能力中知识、态度、行为维度及总分显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),观察组知识及技能评分较干预前显著提高(均P<0.01)。结论对PD患者开展自我护理能力考核及分层次教育,能提高患者的自我护理能力,从而改善患者的健康状况。     

出院健康教育卡联合电话随访在带管出院患者中的应用

目的探讨带管出院患者有效的健康教育方法。方法将126例带管出院患者按置管时间分为对照组60例,观察组66例。对照组给予传统健康教育,观察组在此基础上采用出院健康教育卡、电话咨询和随访的方式开展健康教育。结果干预后6个月,观察组自我护理能力总分及其各维度得分提高幅度显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);观察组出院后管道相关并发症显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论应用出院健康教育卡联合电话随访实施出院后健康教育,可强化患者自我护理知识和技能,减少常见管道并发症的发生。     

乳腺癌改良根治术围术期舒适护理效果观察

目的观察乳腺癌改良根治术围术期舒适护理的效果。方法随机将60例接受乳腺癌改良根治术的患者分为2组,各30例。对照组围术期实施常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上实施舒适护理。结果 2组患者出院时的SAS、SDS评分均较入院时显著改善,其中观察组的改善效果显著优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。观察组患者术后疼痛分级优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论对乳腺癌改良根治术患者围术期开展舒适护理,可有效改善患者不良情绪和疼痛感,促进其早期恢复。     

健康教育对乳腺癌患者术后生活质量的影响

目的探讨早期健康教育对乳腺癌患者术后生存质量的影响。方法将88例乳腺癌根治术患者随机分为教育组和对照组各44例。对照组按照乳腺癌根治术后常规护理。健康教育组除采取对照组的措施外,同时在术后进行健康教育。于干预前和术后6个月应用乳腺癌患者生命质量测定量表(FACT-B)中文版调查。结果 (1)术后30d教育组正确服药率和自我满意率高于对照组,切口不适感和心理障碍发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。(2)术后6个月教育组生活质量各维度评分高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01)。结论健康教育可以促进乳腺癌术后康复并提高生存质量。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Is the recovery profile of mivacurium independent of the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with normal plasma cholinesterase activity?

Background: The duration of action of muscle relaxants is poorly correlated to the rate of decay of their plasma concentration. The plasma concentration of mivacurium may rapidly decrease below its active concentration because of the extensive hydrolysis of mivacurium. By inflating a tourniquet on one upper limb for 3 min after the administration of atracurium, mivacurium or vecuronium, we studied the influence of the initial decline of their plasma concentration on their effect. Methods: In 50 patients anaesthetised with thiopental, isoflurane and fentanyl, the effect of bolus doses of 0.15 or 0.25 mg . kg^?1 mivacurium (MIV 15, MIV 25), 0.3 or 0.5 mg . kg^?1 atracurium (ATR 30, ATR 50) and 0.06 or 0.1 mg . kg^?1 vecuronium (VEC 06, VEC 10) were measured on both arms (evoked response of the adductor pollicis to train-of-four stimulation every 12 s), a tourniquet being applied on one arm just before and during 3 min after the muscle relaxant bolus. Results: Tourniquet inflation of 3 min almost abolished the neuromuscular effect of mivacurium. In the vecuronium groups and in the ATR 50 group, tourniquet inflation did not modify the maximum degree of depression of the twitch response. Also, the duration of action of vecuronium was unaffected by the tourniquet. In the ATR 30 group, times to return of the twitch response to 25% (duration 25%) and 75% (duration 75%) of control response were significantly shorter in the cuffed arm, 23 min vs 27 min, and 41 min vs 45 min, respectively. In the ATR 50 group, only duration 25% was significantly shorter in the cuffed arm (41 min vs 45 min). Conclusion: The results suggest that the rate of decline of the plasma concentration of mivacurium is so rapid, that a very low and almost clinically ineffective concentration is present as soon as 3 min after its administration. The results also indicate that the recovery from a mivacurium-induced neuromuscular blockade is not influenced by the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with genotypically normal plasma cholinesterase.     

Membranes in Artificial Organs

Abstract: Membrane processes play a pivotal and enabling role in modern replacement therapy for acute and chronic organ failure and in the management of immunologic diseases. In fact, virtually all contemporary extracorporeal blood purification methods employ membrane devices, and the next generation of artificial organs and tissue engineering therapies are almost certain to be similarly grounded in membrane technology. In this short essay, we comment on the similarities and differences among synthetic membranes and their natural counterparts and also provide a critical overview of the demographics and technology of hemodialysis, hemofiltration, apheresis, oxygenation, and emerging membrane technologies and applications.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Dilemma of Membrane Biocompatibility and Reuse

Abstract: Numerous articles have been published on the multiple use of dialyzers and on the effect of different reprocessing chemicals and techniques on the dialyzer biocompatibility and performance. The results often appear contradictory, especially those comparing standard biocompatibility parameters. Despite this confusion, a discerning review of the published works allows certain limited conclusions to be drawn. Reprocessing of used hemodialyzers changes the biocompatibility profile of a dialyzer as defined by the parameters complement activation. leukopenia, and cytokine release. The effect of reprocessing depends on the chemicals and reprocessing technique applied and also on the type of membrane polymer being subjected to the reprocessing procedure. Reports of pyrogenic reactions indicate that the flux of the membrane also influences how suitable it is for safe reuse. An increased risk of allergic and pyrogenic reactions appears to be associated with dialyzer reuse. Furthermore, there has been a lack of investigations into the immunologic effect of the layer of adsorbed and chemically altered proteins that remains on the inner surface of reprocessed dialyzers. We conclude that the clinical benefit of dialyzer reuse cannot be generally accepted from a biocompatibility point of view.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.