共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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1.适用年级小教大专班(三年级)。2.相关科目化学、生物、物理。3.教学目标意识目标 :保护水源、防止水体污染与城市经济发展密切相关。知识目标 :水污染防治、水源保护的方法和城市污水资源化。技能目标 :表达自己观点、分析问题和解决问题的能力。态度目标 :关心水污染问题和城市供水水源问题。参与目标 :参与城市供水水源问题讨论 ,从我做起 ,保护水源 ,节约用水 ,进行环境教育。4.教学准备教师 :到国家、省市环保部门 ,查阅有关文献资料。学生 :调查黄河郑州段水污染现状 ,查找有关水污染资料 ,到有关部门了解供水结构和城市供… 相似文献
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城市河流近自然治理--概念构架与治理设计 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
河流是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,是城市的自然元素和景观组分,具有提供水生生物生境和水源、调节小气候、美化城市、休闲娱乐等多种生态服务功能.随着城市化进程的飞速发展,城市河流生态系统面临着生物多样性减少、污染加剧等多方面的危害.如何恢复受损的城市河流生态系统已经成为我们的当务之急.对城市河流的生态结构及其在城市中的生态功能进行了简要介绍,讨论了河流生态恢复的近自然方法,并对现有的河流生态恢复存在的问题及发展趋势提出了几点看法. 相似文献
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随着城市化进程的推进,人类对自然的干扰日益加剧,城市水源系统也因此受到影响,带来了诸如地表水质恶化、地面蒸散发减少、径流系数增大、地下水质变差和地面沉降等一系列问题.城市化发展通过影响水量平衡中的一个或多个因子,进而影响到整个水源系统.通过对南京市域多年水质、降水量等数据的分析可见,南京自城市化发展以来,地表水质下降明显、降水量和暴雨频率有增大的趋势、地下水也受到较大程度污染.为尽可能减轻城市化带来的负面影响,保护、恢复和重建城市水源系统是南京城市可持续发展的一个重要课题,应建立健全城市湿地有效保护机制,建立市区雨污分流和有效的雨水收集机制,尽可能地实现中水回用.在秦淮河的治理中,应在减少源头污染的同时,利用水体的自然净化能力,生态治污. 相似文献
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水资源足迹计算模型研究——以南京市为例 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在生态足迹理论的基础上探讨了水资源足迹的概念。基于水资源生产力,推导出水资源足迹和水资源承载力的计算公式,用水资源赤字和水资源盈余来衡量水资源利用的可持续性。以南京市为例进行模型实证研究,计算了2003~2007年南京市水资源足迹和水资源承载力,结果表明南京市水资源足迹增长明显,水资源承载力总体平稳,赤字从2004—2007年呈指数增长趋势。实证研究表明模型结果可以在一定程度上衡量生产消费对水资源的影响。 相似文献
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Dale R. Ralston 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1973,9(5):908-917
ABSTRACT: Ground water is intended to be administered in many western states as a flow or renewable resource. In Idaho, this administration is based on the appropriation doctrine of water rights. Two generalizations may be made concerning ground water. First, water artificially discharged from an aquifer system must deplete the total resource by that amount; water consumptively pumped from a well must be derived from either increased recharge, decreased discharge or a decrease of water in storage. Second, the annual rate of recharge to a ground-water system is often only a small percentage of the total resource in storage. Ground water may be divided into flow and stock portions. In those basins where the second generalization is true, most ground water may be classified as stock. However, only the flow portion of ground water may be developed if utilization of the resource is to be enjoyed over an infinite period. Data from the Raft River Basin in Idaho indicate that the flow and stock characteristics of ground water are time dependent. The resource exhibits the characteristics of both a renewable and nonrenewable resource. As a result, present administrative techniques do not provide for effective management of the resource. 相似文献
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虚拟水以其形象的表达和丰富的内涵,成为2000年以后全球水科学研究领域的热点,被广泛认为是深入研究水资源管理的重要概念,也是衡量人类对水资源系统真实占有量的有效工具。文章系统介绍了虚拟水的基本概念,并对其目前在我国水资源管理领域的应用做了系统性的阐述和探讨。 相似文献
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Peter E. Black 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1995,31(4):589-592
ABSTRACT: The uneven temporal and spatial distribution of water on the Earth suggests an important role for the portion of the resource that is not directly used by humans. By extension, an important underlying theory about world-wide resource distribution and function is inferred. Policies that control resource preservation and development need to take this theory into account. Some examples for the water resource are presented. 相似文献
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Margaret S. Hrezo 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1986,22(6):1001-1009
ABSTRACT: Research suggests that conflict over public participation in water resource planning is due, in part, to confusion over the nature of the policies involved. This article examines the roadblocks to citizen involvement in water resource planning in terms of two policy models: (1) the Social Feasibility Model and (2) the Political Feasibility Model. Each model posits a different role for public participation. Although the Political Feasibility Model has been widely accepted in water resource planning, changes in the nature of the policies involved in water resource management have weakened its appropriateness. Currently, social and redistributive policies involving value conflicts often dominate water planning and these policies are best chosen through the Social Feasibility Model. The article discusses the nature of the social feasibility model, the new types of policy decisions facing water resource managers, and how the social feasibility model can help overcome the roadblocks to increased public participation in water resource policy making. 相似文献
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Using system dynamics to model water-reallocation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Improving the efficiency of water allocation has long been recognised as a key problem for the water resources management
decision-makers. However, assessing the efficacy of management decision is difficult due to the complexity and interconnectivity
of water resource systems. For this reason, it is vital that robust modelling approaches are employed to deal with the feedback
loops inherent in the water resource systems. Whilst many studies have applied modelling to various aspects of water resource
management, little attention has been given to innovations in modelling approaches to deal with the modelling challenges associated
with improving decision-making.
The aim of this study is to apply a System Dynamics modelling approach to improve the efficiency of water allocation incorporating
a myriad of irrigation system constraints. The system dynamic approach allows the different system components to be organised
as a collection of discrete objects that incorporate data, structure and function to generate complex system behaviour. Through
the application of a system dynamic approach, a robust model (named the Economical Reallocating Water Model (ERWM)) was developed
which was used to examine the options of re-allocating water resources that minimize the water cost all over an irrigated
agricultural area. The EWRM incorporated a wide range of complexities likely to be encountered in water resource management:
surface and ground water sources, water trading between sources, system constraint such as maximum ground water pumping, rates,
maximum possible trading volumes and differential water resource prices. Two hypothetical systems have been presented here
as an example. The results show that the System Dynamics approach has a significant advantages in estimating and assessing
the outcomes of alternative water management strategies through time and space. 相似文献
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水资源的可持续开发与利用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水是一切生物生存环境的最重要支撑,只有可持续地开发利用水资源,才能创造一个可持续发展的社会和生存环境。针对日趋严重的淡水资源危机,本文以水资源的可持续存在为基础,从整体的角度出发,而不是就水论水,探讨了可持续开发、利用水资源的五个途径:经济向生态效益型转向、可持续开发水资源、建立水资源核算体系、建立水资源政策分析机制、人人参与水资源管理,从而实现环境完整性、经济效率和平衡三个基本目标。 相似文献
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Amit K. Pradhananga Mae Davenport Bjorn Olson 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2015,51(6):1600-1612
Scholars and water resource professionals recognize citizens must get involved in water resource issues to protect water resources. Yet questions persist on how to motivate community members to get and stay civically involved in nonpoint source pollution issues, given that problems are often ill‐defined. To be successful, interventions intended to engage individuals in collective action must be based on an understanding of the determinants of public‐sphere behavior. The purpose of this study is to explore the psycho‐social factors which influence landowner civic engagement in water resource protection. Data were collected using a self‐administered mail survey of landowners in the Cannon River Watershed and analyzed using structural equation modeling. Study findings suggest landowners are more likely to be civically engaged in water resource issues if they feel a personal obligation to take civic action and perceive they have the ability to protect water resources. Landowners who believe water resource protection is a local responsibility, perceive important others expect them to protect water resources, and believe they have the ability to protect water resources are more likely to feel a sense of obligation to take civic action. A combination of strategies including civic engagement programs addressing barriers to landowner engagement will be most effective for promoting civic engagement in water resource protection. 相似文献
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通过对新疆平原区荒漠和绿洲两种生态系统的分析,特别是对天然绿洲生态系统中人工绿洲水资源利用方式及过程的分析,尝试性提出生态需水量在流域规划和水资源管理中的定位、不同生态系统的保护方式和基本生态水量的确定方式,并简述了新疆奎屯河流域以生态退水作为恢复流域生态水量的实例。 相似文献