裙带菜膳食纤维对小鼠肠蠕动及血液流变学的影响

目的：研究裙带菜膳食纤维对小鼠的肠蠕动和血液流变的调节作用。方法：将60只小鼠分为正常对照组、水不溶性裙带菜膳食纤维低剂量组（5%）、高剂量组（10%），连续30d，取30只小鼠进行肠蠕支实验。另外，将30只小鼠统一摘除右眼取血，测定其血液流变学指标中的血细胞比容及全血高切、低切表现粘度。结果：裙带菜膳食纤维高剂量组小鼠的炭末推进百分率与正常对照组相比有明显的差异（P＜0.01）；裙带菜膳食纤维高剂量小鼠的血细胞比容、全血高切、低切表观粘度及红细胞聚集指数均明显低于对照组（P＜0.01或P＜0.05）。结论：裙带菜膳食纤维增强小鼠的肠蠕动并且可以降低血细胞比容及全血高切、低切表现粘度，可提高血液的流动性。     

后海穴注射穿心莲和黄连素对小鼠实验性腹泻的影响

通过小鼠实验腹泻模型及小肠推进实验,研究后海穴注射穿心莲和黄连素的抗腹泻作用。结果表明,后海穴注射穿心莲和黄连素能显著降低番泻叶、高渗硫酸镁溶液所致小鼠实验性腹泻的发生率和腹泻频率（P〈0．05）,后海穴注射黄连素能极显著抑制番泻叶所致小鼠肠蠕动亢进（P〈0．01）。实验结果提示,后海穴注射穿心莲和黄连素具有良好的抗腹泻作用,这与抑制小肠蠕动亢进有关。     

Ca(OH)2防治壶瓶枣黑顶病及对枣果膳食营养的影响研究

大枣（Zizyphus Jujuba Mill.）为我国栽培面积最大干果树种,经济价值及生态效益显著。以壶瓶枣为研究对象,探讨不同浓度梯度Ca(OH)2溶液处理条件下,壶瓶枣黑顶病的发病率和病情指数以及枣果肉中蛋白质、VC、膳食纤维含量的变化情况,寻找喷施Ca(OH)2溶液的最佳浓度,为壶瓶枣枣果品质的提升和营养的加强提供依据。结果表明：1.不同浓度Ca(OH)2溶液处理可显著降低壶瓶枣黑顶病发病率和病情指数（p<0.05）,其中Ca(OH)2饱和溶液稀释150倍处理防治效果最好。2.与对照相比,Ca(OH)2溶液处理可显著提高枣果果肉中蛋白质含量（p<0.01）,其中Ca(OH)2饱和溶液稀释300倍的低浓度溶液效果最好。3.中低浓度Ca(OH)2溶液可显著增加壶瓶枣果肉中VC含量（p<0.01）,且随Ca(OH)2溶液浓度升高呈降低趋势。4.不同浓度Ca(OH)2处理条件下,壶瓶枣果肉中总膳食纤维的含量显著高于对照（p<0.01）,且随着喷施浓度的增大,果肉中膳食纤维含量先上升后下降趋势,其中Ca(OH)2饱和溶液稀释225倍浓度处理增加效果最明显。综合以上结果,Ca(OH)2饱和溶液稀释150倍浓度为最佳喷施浓度。     

兰州肉苁蓉药效学实验研究

肉苁蓉为临床应用中药，具有补肾阳、益精血、润肠通便的功能…。中国药典仅收载列当科植物肉苁蓉Cistanche deserticola Y．C．Ma干燥具鳞片的肉质茎为正品入药。笔者等对商品药材和植物调查后发现，商品肉苁蓉植物来源除主流品种肉苁蓉C．deserticola之外。同属植物盐生肉苁蓉C．salsa（C．A Mey．）G．Beck在新疆、内蒙古、甘肃等地方为习用品种，兰州肉苁蓉C．Lanzhouensis Z．Y．zhang在兰州地区也作为肉苁蓉入药，但是兰州肉苁蓉有关药效研究尚未见报道。该实验选择补肾壮阳、润肠通便作用作为药效学指标，对上述二三种肉苁蓉在相同剂量条件下进行了比较研究，为评价兰州肉苁蓉药效作用和有关资源的开发利用提供科学依据。     

膳食纤维酸奶的研制

以膳食纤维和低聚木糖为功能因子，制成一种集营养和保健于一体的膳食纤维保健酸奶。通过研究，提出了膳食纤维保健酸奶生产配方和生产工艺。其最佳生产配方为：膳食纤维添加量1．5％，低聚木糖添加量0．30％，白砂糖5％，复合稳定剂0．6％；最佳工艺条件为：均质压力20MPa，杀菌温度95℃，杀菌时间300s．发酵温度42℃，发酵时间3h。     

橘皮中可溶性膳食纤维理化性质的研究

本试验通过碱法提取干燥橘皮中含有的可溶性膳食纤维（SDF），研究碱液浓度、浸提时间、浸提温度、料液比对SDF提取率的影响，选择出碱法提取橘皮SDF最佳条件。在该试验范围内，提取橘皮可溶性纤维最适宜条件为料液比1:30（g/mL）、浸提时间5 h、浸提温度70 ℃、碱液浓度35 mg/mL，在最适条件下平均提取率为9.23%。提取出来后，再对其持水力、溶胀性、脂肪结合能力、还原力等理化性质进行测定。结果表明：橘皮SDF的持水力为1.21 g/g，脂肪结合量在30 min时测得吸附量为4.42 g/g，1 h时测得吸附量为4.39 g/g。表明0 ～ 30 min吸附量增加较大，在30 ～ 60 min几乎未增加，30 min后已达到吸附平衡|溶胀性为2.32 mL/g，还原力测定中橘皮可溶性膳食纤维具备一定的还原能力，但还原能力不如维生素C（Vc），为Vc的53.06%。 [关键词] 橘皮|可溶性膳食纤维|理化性质|橘皮渣|碱法提取     

野山杏总黄酮对三黄肉鸡屠宰性能的影响

[目的]研究不同剂量野山杏总黄酮对三黄肉鸡屠宰性能的影响。[方法]采用单因素试验设计,将96羽1日龄雌性三黄肉鸡随机分为4组,每组24羽。于14日龄开始,野山杏总黄酮低、中、高剂量组肉鸡分别灌服50、100、200 mg/（kg·BW·d）的野山杏总黄酮,对照组肉鸡灌服生理盐水,试验期42 d。28、35、42日龄时每组分别选取8羽肉鸡进行屠宰试验,测定并比较相同日龄下各组肉鸡的屠宰性能指标。[结果]高剂量野山杏总黄酮可显著或极显著（P<0.05或P<0.01）提高28、35、42日龄肉鸡宰前体重,中剂量野山杏总黄酮可极显著（P<0.01）提高35日龄肉鸡宰前体重。高剂量野山杏总黄酮分别显著（P<0.05）和极显著（P<0.01）提高35日龄和42日龄肉鸡屠宰率。中、高剂量野山杏总黄酮极显著（P<0.01）提高28日龄肉鸡半净膛率。低剂量野山杏总黄酮可极显著（P<0.01）提高28日龄肉鸡全净膛率,显著（P<0.05）提高35日龄肉鸡全净膛率;中剂量野山杏总黄酮可极显著（P<0.01）提高35日龄肉鸡全净膛率;低、中、高剂量野山杏总黄酮可极显著（P<0.01）提高42日龄肉鸡全净膛率。低、中、高剂量野山杏总黄酮可显著或极显著（P<0.05或P<0.01）降低35、42日龄肉鸡皮下脂肪厚度。高剂量野山杏总黄酮可显著（P<0.05）降低28日龄肉鸡肌间脂肪宽度,极显著（P<0.01）降低35日龄肉鸡肌间脂肪宽度;低、中、高剂量野山杏总黄酮可极显著（P<0.01）降低42日龄肉鸡肌间脂肪宽度。低剂量野山杏总黄酮可显著（P<0.05）降低28、42日龄肉鸡腹脂率,中剂量野山杏总黄酮可显著（P<0.05）降低28、35、42日龄肉鸡腹脂率,高剂量野山杏总黄酮可极显著（P<0.01）降低42日龄肉鸡腹脂率。高剂量野山杏总黄酮可显著或极显著（P<0.05或P<0.01）提高35、42日龄肉鸡胸肌率,可显著或极显著（P<0.05或P<0.01）提高28、35、42日龄肉鸡腿肌率。[结论]灌服不同剂量的野山杏总黄酮能够明显改善三黄肉鸡的屠宰性能。     

甜玉米、菠菜汁乳饮料的研制

甜玉米、菠菜的营养丰富,风味甘甜。甜玉米和菠菜中膳食纤维含量高,具有降血压、降血脂,通便润肠等保健功效。本文以甜玉米、菠菜汁和牛奶为主要原料,研制出了一种具有保健功效的甜玉米、菠菜汁乳饮料。本文通过试验确定了甜玉米、菠菜汁乳饮料的配方。试验结果表明：在甜玉米汁添加量为17.1%,菠菜汁添加量为10%,复合稳定剂添加量为0.26%,白砂糖添加量为11.7%的条件下,甜玉米、菠菜汁乳饮料产品色泽、口感、风味和组织状态最佳。     

野山杏杏仁油影响大鼠血脂生物学效应的研究

采用反相超临界CO2萃取法（SFE-CO2）提取野山杏杏仁油,气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）分析有效成分,以高血脂动物模型考察高、中、低剂量野山杏、杏仁油的降血脂效应。结果表明,野山杏杏仁油中油酸、亚油酸含量占总脂肪酸的90%以上;药理实验表明,高剂量组的TC值及中、高剂量的TG值与高脂对照组比较有显著性差异和高度显著性,高、中、剂量组能降低高血脂大鼠肝脏脂肪含量,证明野山杏杏仁油具有降低大鼠血脂生物学效应的作用。     

苜蓿水溶性膳食纤维提取方法的研究

本实验以苜蓿为材料,采用正交试验方法,旨在寻找化学法提取水溶性膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件及限制水溶性膳食纤维提取各因素的影响程度。通过实验证明:营养期苜蓿水溶性膳食纤维提取的最佳工艺条件为:pH值=5.5、水浴温度T=40℃、时间为90min、提取液用量为10ml.g-1,以此条件下的提取率为4.87%。同时确定了提取水溶性膳食纤维的各个限制因素中,对期提取率影响程度大小排序为:pH值>水浴温度T(℃)>提取液用量(ml.g-1)>提取时间(min)。结荚期苜蓿在最佳提取条件下,其提取率不超过0.5%,从中提取水溶性膳食纤维的意义不大。     

The effects of dietary fiber level on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of total dietary fiber level on nutrient digestibility and the relationship between apparent total tract digestibility of total dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and available energy. Sugar beet pulp was as the only fiber source. The experiment was designed as a 6 × 6 Latin square with an adaptation period of 7 d followed by a 5-d total collection of feces and urine. Feed intake tended to decrease (P =0.10) as total dietary fiber level increased. The apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy decreased (P <0.01) when total dietary fiber increased but the digestibility of soluble dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber increased (P <0.01). The digestible energy and metabolizable energy content of diets decreased (P <0.01) as the total dietary fiber increased.     

Absorption of carbohydrate-derived nutrients in sows as influenced by types and contents of dietary fiber

The current investigation was undertaken to study the absorption and plasma concentration of carbohydrate-derived nutrients [glucose, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and lactate] and the apparent insulin production in sows fed diets containing contrasting types and contents of dietary fiber. Six sows were fed 3 experimental diets, low fiber (LF; 177 g of dietary fiber and 44 g of soluble fiber/kg of DM), high soluble fiber (HF-S; 429 g of dietary fiber and 111 g of soluble fiber/kg of DM), and high insoluble fiber (HF-I; 455 g of dietary fiber and 74 g of soluble fiber/kg of DM), in a repeated crossover design. Variations in dietary concentration and solubility of dietary fiber were obtained by substituting starch-rich wheat and barley in the LF diet with dietary fiber-rich co-products (sugar beet pulp, potato pulp, pectin residue, brewers spent grain, pea hulls, and seed residue, which have distinct physicochemical properties). The main carbohydrate component of the LF diet was starch and nonstarch polysaccharides (cellulose and noncellulosic polysaccharides) for the 2 high dietary fiber diets. Consumption of the LF diet resulted in increased and rapid glucose absorption at 0 to 4 h postfeeding. With the HF-I diet, the glucose absorption pattern was similar but at a decreased rate, whereas it was decreased and delayed with the HF-S diet (diet, P < 0.001; time, P < 0.001). These differences were also reflected in the insulin response. The quantitative absorption of SCFA at 0 to 10 h postfeeding was greater when feeding the HF-S diet compared with the LF diet (P < 0.001) and intermediate when feeding the HF-I diet (P < 0.001). The study showed that feeding the high dietary fiber diets resulted in a increased and more uniform uptake of SCFA than when feeding the LF control. Moreover, the HF-S diet reduced diurnal variation in glucose and insulin concentrations.     

The partial substitution of digestible protein with gelatinized starch as an energy source reduces susceptibility to lipid oxidation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) muscle

We evaluated the influence of dietary gelatinized starch and protein on the fatty acid composition of muscle in rainbow trout and European sea bass and on the susceptibility of flesh to lipid peroxidation. The possibility that flesh peroxidation could be accounted for by lipogenesis and the deposition of fat was also explored. The inclusion of gelatinized starch in the diet of rainbow trout improved growth with respect to that observed in fish fed crude starch (P<.001). This was especially noticeable at the lowest concentration of dietary protein tested (P = .037); suggesting that gelatinized starch may partially replace protein in the production of energy without inducing a negative effect on growth. However, in European sea bass, the gelatinization of starch and dietary protein concentration showed no significant effect on final body weight. The intramuscular neutral lipid concentration of the sea bass was reduced by the gelatinization of dietary starch (P = .034). The highest dietary protein concentration increased the proportion of saturated fatty acids in the neutral (P = .0742) and polar (P = .0033) lipid fractions. The dietary inclusion of high levels of protein in rainbow trout led to a lower concentration of total (n-3) (P = .0457) and (n-6) (P = .0522) fatty acids and a higher concentration of total monounsaturated fatty acids (P = .0006). The inclusion of gelatinized starch led to a lower concentration of (n-3) fatty acids (P = .0034) and a higher concentration of saturated fatty acids (P = .0007). The polar fraction was hardly affected by the same treatment. A significantly lower susceptibility of the dorsal muscle to oxidation was observed in groups of European sea bass fed gelatinized starch (P<.01). A similar trend was observed in rainbow trout, although differences were not significant. The findings suggest that the digestible protein concentration of nutrient-dense diets for rainbow trout and European sea bass can be reduced with a beneficial effect on tissue lipid oxidation and no negative effects on growth and muscle composition.     

Effect of dietary fish oil substitution with linseed oil on the performance, tissue fatty acid profile, metabolism, and oxidative stability of Atlantic salmon

The objective of this experiment was to test the effect of total or partial substitution of dietary fish oil (FO) by linseed oil (LO) in Atlantic salmon feeding on performance, liver and muscle fatty acid composition, selected lipogenic and lipolytic enzyme activities, and flesh oxidative stability. For 12 wk, fish (220 +/- 12 g of initial BW) were fed five experimental diets in which the FO was serially replaced by 25, 50, 75, and 100% LO. Total FO replacement by LO did not (P = 0.20) affect fish final weight, biometric indices, or i.m. fat contents. Liver and muscle neutral lipid (NL) composition responded to dietary treatments in different ways. Whereas the sum of n-3 PUFA in muscle followed a linear and quadratic pattern with increasing levels of LO, a linear (P = 0.005) effect was observed in the liver NL fraction. Total n-3 and n-6 PUFA contents in the polar lipid fraction (PL) were unaffected (P = 0.356) by dietary input of LO in muscle. Activity of liver glucose-6-P-dehydrogenase (G6PD) was greater with increasing levels of LO (P = 0.004). A time effect (P < 0.001) was observed in the concentration of lipid peroxidation products, expressed as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, in fish flesh stored under refrigeration for 9 d; however, the progressive inclusion of LO in the feed did not affect (P = 0.125) flesh oxidation stability. In summary, LO can totally replace FO in Atlantic salmon feed without affecting growth performance and muscle susceptibility to lipid oxidation. Fatty acid metabolism in the liver was affected by LO, promoting G6PD activity and eicosatetraenoic acid accumulation; however, a 100% LO replacement decreased (P < 0.001) concentrations of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in salmon muscle.     

Fiber fermentability effects on energy and macronutrient digestibility, fecal traits, postprandial metabolite responses, and colon histology of overweight cats

Considering the different potential benefits of divergent fiber ingredients, the effect of 3 fiber sources on energy and macronutrient digestibility, fermentation product formation, postprandial metabolite responses, and colon histology of overweight cats (Felis catus) fed kibble diets was compared. Twenty-four healthy adult cats were assigned in a complete randomized block design to 2 groups of 12 animals, and 3 animals from each group were fed 1 of 4 of the following kibble diets: control (CO; 11.5% dietary fiber), beet pulp (BP; 26% dietary fiber), wheat bran (WB; 24% dietary fiber), and sugarcane fiber (SF; 28% dietary fiber). Digestibility was measured by the total collection of feces. After 16 d of diet adaptation and an overnight period without food, blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride postprandial responses were evaluated for 16 h after continued exposure to food. On d 20, colon biopsies of the cats were collected under general anesthesia. Fiber addition reduced food energy and nutrient digestibility. Of all the fiber sources, SF had the least dietary fiber digestibility (P < 0.05), causing the largest reduction of dietary energy digestibility (P < 0.05). The greater fermentability of BP resulted in reduced fecal DM and pH, greater fecal production [g/(cat × d); as-is], and greater fecal concentration of acetate, propionate, and lactate (P < 0.05). For most fecal variables, WB was intermediate between BP and SF, and SF was similar to the control diet except for an increased fecal DM and firmer feces production for the SF diet (P < 0.05). Postprandial evaluations indicated reduced mean glucose concentration and area under the glucose curve in cats fed the SF diet (P < 0.05). Colon mucosa thickness, crypt area, lamina propria area, goblet cell area, crypt mean size, and crypt in bifurcation did not vary among the diets. According to the fiber solubility and fermentation rates, fiber sources can induce different physiological responses in cats, reduce energy digestibility, and favor glucose metabolism (SF), or improve gut health (BP).     

甘薯膳食纤维提取工艺的研究

试验模拟甘薯淀粉提取过程获得甘薯渣,通过单因素与正交试验研究了各种酶添加量对膳食纤维提取率的影响,确定糖化酶为主要酶,并且通过正交试验确定了糖化酶酶解条件(温度、时间、pH值)的最优组合。试验结果表明,各种酶的最适添加量分别为:α-淀粉酶1.4mL/g、胰蛋白酶0.5mL/g、糖化酶为5.0mL/g,其中,糖化酶是影响提取率的主要酶。糖化酶酶解的最佳工艺条件为:温度60℃,时间40min,pH值4.5。在最优工艺条件下制备甘薯渣膳食纤维产品,对产品进行分析表明,总膳食纤维提取率为81.6%,其中可溶性膳食纤维提取率可达25.7%,甘薯渣膳食纤维的膨胀力和持水力分别达到3.42mL/g和665%。     

Effects of roughage particle size on site of nutrient digestion and digesta flow through the gastrointestinal tract of sheep fed corncob-concentrate diets

An experiment examining nutritional effects of dietary corncob particle size was conducted using ruminal-, duodenal- and ileal-cannulated sheep in a 4 X 4 Latin square design. Site of nutrient digestion and digesta flow were the principal criteria evaluated. Analyses of dry matter (DM), N, starch and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were performed on feed, feces and digesta samples. Chromic oxide-impregnated paper was used as an external marker to estimate digestibilities at different sites along the gastrointestinal tract. Ruminal pH and volatile fatty acid molar proportions were also determined. All diets (74.9% concentrates: 25.1% corncobs) were pelleted and were similar in ingredient composition but varied in corncob particle size (corncob mean particle sizes were 6.5, 5.4, 1.4 or .8 mm). Dietary crude protein levels differed little among treatments. Starch concentration was higher in diets containing the larger corncob particles while NDF, acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose and hemicellulose concentrations were lower in diets containing larger particles, suggesting a reaction between starch and fiber moieties during the pelleting process. Starch flow past the duodenum decreased (P less than .05) as dietary corncob particle size decreased. Apparent NDF digestion before the duodenum was highest for sheep fed diets containing 1.4-mm corncobs (P less than .05). Apparent starch digestion in the small intestine decreased (P less than .05) as dietary corncob particle size decreased. A considerable amount of NDF was apparently digested in the small intestine of sheep consuming diets containing 5.4- and .8-mm corncobs. Likewise, a substantial amount of NDF was apparently digested in the large intestine. Few differences in apparent total tract digestibilities were noted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

品种、体重和营养对猪背最长肌肌纤维组织学特性的影响

选用荣昌(RC)猪和杜×长×大(DLY)杂交猪为试验对象,研究猪背最长肌肌纤维直径和密度的发育性变化及品种与营养影响特点。结果表明:2个品种猪的背最长肌肌纤维直径和密度的发育规律较为类似,肌纤维直径随体重增加呈线性增长,而肌纤维密度则随体重增加呈乘幂方程式降低。相关分析表明,肌纤维密度与直径均存在极显著负相关(P≤0.003)。背最长肌肌纤维直径和密度在20～50kg阶段品种间差异不显著(P≥0.099),但在80kg,RC猪的肌纤维直径显著低于DLY猪(P=0.0043),而RC猪的肌纤维密度则显著高于DLY猪(P=0.0049)。饲粮营养水平对2个品种猪背最长肌的肌纤维直径和密度均无显著影响。以上结果提示,2个品种猪的背最长肌肌纤维的生长规律较为类似,但不同品种的肌纤维直径存在差异,主要表现在80kg,RC猪显著低于DLY猪,可能与其优良肉质有关。     

Effect of pelleting and beta-glucanase supplementation on the ileal and fecal digestibility of a barley-based diet in the pig

The influences of pelleting and beta-glucanase supplementation on the digestibility of dietary components in a barley-based diet were investigated in pigs fitted with cannulas in the terminal ileum. The diet contained 49.0% starch, 18.9% crude protein and 14.8% dietary fiber, with arabinoxylans (4.9%), mixed-linked beta-glucans (3.4%) and cellulose (3.3%) as the main fiber components. Pelleting increased mixed-linked beta-glucan solubility from 45 to 62%. Neither treatment influenced the ileal or fecal apparent digestibilities of dry matter (64 and 80%, respectively), energy (62 and 79%), crude protein (53 and 75%), crude fat (26 and 27%) or dietary fiber (58 and 72%). However, pelleting increased (P less than .01) the pre-ileal apparent digestibility of starch from 91.5 to 95.3% and decreased (P less than .03) that of ash from -10 to -23%, while increasing (P less than .005) the fecal apparent digestibility of starch from 98.6 to 99.7%. The solubility of mixed-linked beta-glucans in ileal digesta was lower (P less than .001) in pelleted (26%) than in unpelleted (58%) diets. beta-glucanase supplementation also increased (P less than .05) the ileal apparent digestibility of starch, from 92.6 to 94.3%, and of mixed-linked beta-glucans, from 95.7 to 97.1%. Significant between-pig differences in the apparent digestibility of dietary components were observed. In conclusion, treatments that disrupt the endosperm cell walls in barley can increase the proportion of the diet digested prior to the large intestine.     

Effects of dietary protein and fermentable fiber on nitrogen excretion patterns and plasma urea in grower pigs

Effects of dietary protein concentration (high, 18.5; low, 15.7%) and fermentable fiber (control; soyhulls, SH; and sugar beet pulp, SBP) on N excretion patterns and plasma urea were tested in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. The objectives were: 1) to determine if reduced dietary protein together with fermentable fiber would reduce urinary N excretion further than a single diet manipulation, 2) to determine if effects of diet manipulations were similar between pigs with restricted and free access of feed, and 3) to further develop predictions of urinary N excretion using plasma urea. Diets were formulated to 3.30 Mcal digestible energy (DE)/kg and 2.4 g of digestible lysine per Mcal DE, and supplemented with lysine, methionine, tryptophan, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, or valine to ensure meeting an ideal AA profile. Pigs (30.5 +/- 3 kg; n = 36) were housed in metabolism crates with restricted access to feed (3 x 110 kcal DE/kg BW(0.75)) from d 1 to 18, and free access from d 19 to 26. Feces and urine were collected from d 15 to 18 and d 23 to 26, and blood was sampled on d 17 and 25. With restricted access to feed, urinary N was reduced 28% and N retention was reduced 12% for the low- compared to high-protein diet (P < 0.01; as g/d). Fecal N was increased 4% units for SH and 6.5% units for SBP (P < 0.01; as % of N intake) and urinary N was reduced 5% units for SH (P < 0.10) and 9% units for SBP (P < 0.05) compared to the control. With free access to feed, urinary N was reduced 27% (P < 0.05; as g/d) and N retention was reduced 7% (P < 0.10) for the low- compared to high-protein diet. Fecal N was increased 5% units for SH and 9% units for SBP (P < 0.001; as % of N intake), and urinary N was reduced 9% units for SH and 10% units for SBP (P < 0.01) compared to the control. For either restricted or free access to feed, fermentable fiber did not affect N retention (P > 0.10). A protein x fiber interaction was not observed for urinary N excretion (P > 0.10), indicating that reducing dietary protein and including fermentable fiber reduced urinary N excretion in an additive manner. Daily urinary N excretion was related positively and linearly with plasma urea in pigs with free access to feed (R2 = 0.71; at 0800). In summary, reduction of dietary protein reduced urine N excretion, and fermentable fiber shifted N excretion from urine to feces. Effects of dietary protein and fermentable fiber on reducing urinary N excretion are additive.