大型武器装备液压系统快速故障诊断系统设计

提出了一种大型武器装备液压系统快速故障诊断系统设计方案，介绍了用液压系统超声多功能检测仪对流量、压力进行非接触测量的原理，并建立了运用超声检测方法测量液压系统流量、压力的数学模型。     

数码相机在焊接结构收缩变形测量中的应用

介绍了一种应用数码相机快速采集团象和计算机的数字图象处理技术实现焊后收缩变形测量的新方法。给出了非接触测量的模型，应用该模型，可以实现焊接收缩变形的自动化测量。在对某大型水电站焊接收缩变形测量中，该方法得到了很好的应用。该方法的应用可以提高工作效益。     

一种适用于靡床的线光学测量方法的研究

本文针对机械加工中不透明冷却液的存在妨碍了在线非接触测量这一难题，提出一种利用喷射的水柱来排开冷却液，并在被测物体表面一个小局部形成一稳定的透明测量窗口，使非接触光学测量得以在磨床进行的技术。文章介绍了这种技术在主要思路、重要技术环节和实验装置，给出了初步实验结果。     

基于机器视觉的摆线齿轮参数测量系统

针对目前摆线齿轮测量工程中存在的问题,在机器视觉技术的基础上建立了齿轮的参数测量系统。介绍了系统测量原理和软硬件的结构功能;利用OpenCV函数库对图像信息进行处理,得到齿轮的轮廓,再使用轮廓查找技术提取边缘坐标;根据摆线参数的定义和测量原理,实现摆线齿轮参数和误差的测量。试验结果表明:该测量系统能够满足测量误差的要求,为摆线齿轮的快速、精确测量提供了一种新的思路与平台。     

三维光学扫描测量系统在产品快速设计及制造中的应用

介绍了一种三维光学扫描测量系统的组成、原理、特点、测量方法和应用,它主要是综合运用了数字图像处理技术、摄影测量技术和光栅测量技术,来快速、准确地测量三维实物表面的几何数据,为产品的快速设计和制造提供了一种快捷的方法。     

相位测量轮廓术的应用现状及发展趋势

自20世纪80年代以来，随着激光技术和CCD图像传感器的不断发展和广泛应用，并结合计算机图像处理技术，相位测量轮廓术（PMP）得到了快速的发展。该技术以非接触、全场测量、高精度、高灵敏度及自动化等优点得到广泛应用。主要阐述了PMP在国内外的应用现状、存在的问题及发展趋势，并简单介绍了PMP的基本原理，对现有的测量方法进行分析和比较。     

Voronoi图在复杂曲面轮廓自动测量中的应用

实现复杂曲面的快速自动测量，在工程上具有重要的意义。本文所介绍的Ｖｏｒｏｎｏｉ图方法用于生成优化测量路径，理论上是先进的，实践上是可行的。本文把它与其他几种方法作了比较，并且具体说明了其实现技术。     

逆向工程中一种新的三维测量技术

介绍了一种逆向工程中应用的三维测量技术，它运用了数字图像处理识别技术、摄影测量技术、光栅测量的技术，提高测量的精度和效率，为模具的快速制造提供了一种快捷的方法。     

基于非插入技术的液压系统压力传感器

设计了一种以应变传感器和计算机数据采集处理系统为基础构成的液压系统压力测量系统.该系统可以对液压管路实现非接触在线实时检测,其特点是系统性能稳定、适应性强、动态性能好.本文在研究液压管路应变传递原理的基础上.针对液压系统特点,设计了方便使用的测量夹具,并利用wavebook数据采集系统实现了对管路的非接触式测量.     

发动机曲轴综合参数测量系统的研制

为了能够对发动机曲轴进行自动、快速、准确的测量,设计一台发动机曲轴综合参数测量仪。介绍曲轴的测量要求、测量系统的组成方案和测量原理,对测量系统的硬件进行设计选型;介绍测量系统软件各模块的作用和测量系统的运行过程,分析系统误差产生的主要原因;采用最小二乘法原理对数据进行处理,减小了测量误差。此系统已投入使用,实现了对曲轴参数快速、高效、准确的自动测量。     

砂轮表面形貌仿真方法研究

砂轮表面形貌对磨削加工过程和已加工表面质量有着极大影响,但由于砂轮表面磨粒分布的随机性,描述砂轮表面形貌非常困难。通过对砂轮表面进行采样和数据处理,运用统计学理论和Johnson变换方法获得了非正态分布砂轮表面形貌的数学描述方程,在此基础上对砂轮表面形貌进行仿真。选用伯明翰14参数集的部分参数作为评价标准,对测量的砂轮表面形貌和仿真形貌进行比较,结果显示:二者具有很好的一致性,6个参数的平均相对误差仅为2.97%。结果充分证明了该仿真方法的正确性。      

Modelling and analysis of abrasive water jet cut surface topography

In this paper, a new approach proposed for modelling the three-dimensional (3D) topography produced on abrasive water jet (AWJ) cut surface is presented. It makes use of the trajectory of jet, predicted from the theory of ballistics and Bitter’s theory of erosion for material removal, for numerically simulating the cutting front. The 2D topography at different depths of the cut surface is generated by considering the trajectories on the cutting front and the abrasive particles impacting the walls of cut surface randomly. For realistic generation of topography on cut surfaces, several instantaneous profiles generated in each region of cut are superimposed to obtain an effective profile. The nature of effective profiles thus predicted is analyzed and validated using power spectral density analysis. The effective profiles predicted at different depths are in turn used to generate the 3D topography of AWJ cut surface. Results obtained with the proposed model are validated with the experimental results.     

机械密封磨合过程软质环端面形貌变化的分形表征

为研究和掌握机械密封磨合过程中软质环端面形貌的变化规律,在自制的机械密封试验装置上对2套B104a-70型机械密封进行了2种弹簧比压下的磨合试验,采用AF-LI型轮廓仪测量不同工作时段软质环的端面形貌参数,运用分形理论对磨合过程中表面形貌的变化规律进行表征研究。结果表明:软质环端面存在明显的磨合阶段,随着磨合过程的进行,分形维数D和特征分形参数τ*迅速增大,特征尺度系数G迅速减小,当进入正常磨损阶段后,它们都保持较稳定的数值,稳定值分别为D≈1.636、G≈5.7×10-9 m、τ*≈1 030μm。特征分形参数表征磨合表面变化规律的灵敏性高,表征效果好。端面载荷对端面分形参数的变化趋势无显著影响,且对进入正常磨损阶段后的端面分形参数的影响很小,但载荷大磨合期短,弹簧比压为0.15MPa和0.3MPa时,磨合时间分别约为170.5h和110.5h。     

3D laser investigation on micron-scale grain protrusion topography of truncated diamond grinding wheel for precision grinding performance

A grain tip (GT) truncation is proposed to truncate grain protrusion tips of #270 diamond grinding wheel in plunge grinding of hard and brittle material. In this study, a 3D laser microscopy was employed to measure the wheel working surface and parameterize its 3D grain protrusion topography. The objective is to investigate how micron-scale grain protrusion parameters influence grinding performance such as grinding force and surface roughness. First, the GT truncation was performed after dressing of diamond grinding wheel in grinding experiment of quartz glass; then its 3D grain protrusion topography was constructed by smoothing 3D measured noise, matching measured point cloud, transferring protrusion frame and extracting 3D diamond grains; finally, the grain protrusion parameters such as grain protrusion number, grain protrusion height, grain protrusion volume, grain rake angle, grain clearance angle, etc. were investigated in connection with ground surface and grinding force. It is shown that GT truncation averagely decreases grain protrusion number, grain protrusion height, grain protrusion volume, grain rake angle and grain clearance angle by about 44%, 74%, 75%, 24% and 70% on whole wheel surface, respectively. However, it greatly increases active grain number by about 32 times and active grain volume by about 181 times in actual grinding with the depth of cut in 1 μm, thus leading to a decrease (about 80%) in surface roughness and an increase (about 40 times) in grinding force. It is also found that truncated diamond grain tips are mostly shaped with nanometer-scale tip wedges along grain cutting direction, leading to about 75% very large negative grain rake angles and about 75% large grain clearance angles, thus contributing to ductile-mode grinding. It is confirmed that the active grain number and active grain volume for the actual depth of cut may be regarded as main grain protrusion parameters to evaluate and predict the precision grinding performance of a coarser diamond grinding wheel.     

用X射线应力仪无损检测薄膜材料厚度

基于X射线衍射与吸收理论,提出一种薄膜厚度测量方法即膜下基体衍射法。利用X射线应力仪测量高速钢表面的TiN薄膜厚度,发现利用膜下基体衍射可精确测量薄膜厚度。     

基于相位谱延时估计的波速估算方法

研究了基于相位谱的时间延迟估计原理及其算法。将其应用到基于冲击反射法的双传感器测量应力波波速方法中,解决了传统的直接观察法中的人为误差的影响和噪声对测量精度的影响,降低了测量误差,波速数据具有更好的一致性,取得了满意的试验结果。     

Utilisation of continuous atomic layer deposition process for barrier enhancement of extrusion-coated paper

The feasibility of a novel continuous atomic layer deposition process in improving the barrier properties of extrusion-coated papers was investigated. The polymer coatings on paper were low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephtalate and polylactide. The new method was tested by depositing 100 nm aluminium oxide layers on the polymer side of the structures. According to test results, the aluminium oxide layer produced significant barrier improvements. The water vapour and oxygen transmission rates measured were approximately 3-5 times lower than those of the untreated samples. Even better improvements were found for the water vapour transmission rates of polyethylene terephtalate and polylactide coated papers being over 10 times lower than for the untreated structures. It is proposed that the better water vapour barrier improvements were found because of these polymers' disposition to water sorption in the non-processed samples. The continuous atomic layer deposition process caused also considerable changes in the topography and morphology of some polymers, which reduced the barrier properties and applicability of the structures. Further research is needed to enable the use of lower process temperatures in the continuous atomic layer deposition process, which would improve the feasibility of the new method.     

超声波法测量套管应力

根据超声波法测量材料应力原理，采用声速仪对套管进行了应力测量。试验结果表明，声速与套管的应力变化有较明确的对应关系，单轴应力的测量结果具有相当高的精度。该试验可为套损预测和套管超声应力检测仪的研制提供可靠的依据。