基于H∞控制理论的UPQC串并联单元协调控制的实现

统一电能质量控制器(UPQC)集电压型补偿装置、电流型补偿装置和储能装置于一体,统一实现多重电能质量调节功能。为了提高UPQC的综合控制性能,该文采用先进的H∞控制理论对UPQC的广义被控系统进行了深入研究,并给出了其H∞控制器的Riccati求解方法。剖析了UPQC的串联单元、并联单元之间耦合影响的根本原因,进而提出一种基于H∞控制的UPQC协调控制器的设计方法。实验结果表明所提方法可使UPQC同时实现串联单元的电压跟踪补偿和并联单元的电流跟踪补偿,并且均无稳态相位偏移和幅值衰减。从根本上消除了串联、并联单元之间的耦合影响,实现了UPQC的多重电能质量统一协调控制功能。     

一种新型无差拍UPQC预测直接控制策略

针对统一电能质量调节器（unified power quality conditioner,UPQC）传统线性控制算法中存在多个PI控制器及PWM调制环节,导致系统参数整定困难、结构复杂的问题,提出一种新型无差拍UPQC预测直接控制策略。推导并建立同步旋转坐标系下UPQC串、并联侧预测直接控制模型;基于无差拍控制原理与有功功率平衡原则构建了串联侧给定电流产生机制,实现了直流侧电压的无差拍控制和网侧电流的预测直接控制;基于无差拍控制原理与负载侧电压恒定原则构建了并联侧给定电流产生机制,实现了负载侧电压的无差拍预测直接控制。仿真与实验分析结果表明,所提算法无PI和PWM调制环节,有效简化了控制系统结构,并提高了系统的动态性能及补偿效果。     

基于超级电容器储能的UPQC工作条件及控制策略

为处理常规统一电能质量调节器(UPQC)难以解决的电源瞬时中断或电压暂降较深的问题,提出利用超级电容器储能系统(SESS)构成UPQC的直流储能单元。针对基于SESS的UPQC拓扑结构,研究UPQC单元优化配置的影响因素和目标函数,得出UPQC系统级功率流协调控制的最佳工作条件;分析SESS的主电路结构特点和性能,确定储能单元的容量和SESS控制策略;根据UPQC串、并联变流器的工作要求,提出基于PI控制和重复控制的UPQC单元级控制策略。仿真与实验分析结果表明,所提出的拓扑结构和控制策略在达到电能质量治理目标的同时,实现了UPQC串、并联变流器以及SESS协调控制。     

UPQC直流储能单元的APFC控制技术

统一电能质量控制器(UPQC)是用户电力技术中的新兴装置,它能统一实现多重电能质量调节功能。系统地介绍了UPQC的综合补偿功能,并给出了一种典型的UPQC拓扑结构。为了进一步提高UPQC的性能,将有源功率因数校正(APFC)技术引入UPQC直流储能单元的直流电容电压控制,详细阐述了其工作原理,并给出了仿真实验结果。APFC技术用于UPQC的直流储能单元中是完全可行的,它使UPQC的性能更完善。     

基于无功功率流的UPQC协调控制策略

针对统一电能质量调节器UPQC常规控制中,其串并联变流器功能相对独立、利用率低的问题,提出基于无功功率流的UPQC协调控制策略。应用所设计的UPQC系统结构,协调分配UP-QC串并联变流器的无功功率输出,控制串联变流器输出电压向量垂直相应的电流向量,控制并联变流器输出电流向量垂直相应的电压向量,有效消除了有功环流的影响。特别针对电网侧没有电能质量问题时,控制串联变流器继续输出无功功率,充分发挥两变流器的无功补偿功能。理论推导UPQC系统功率流的关系,并仿真实验分析提出的控制策略,结果表明该控制策略解决电能质量问题的同时,实现了UPQC串并联变流器功率的合理分配。     

统一电能质量控制器容量优化设计及控制

为实现统一电能质量控制器(Unified Power Quality Conditioner,UPQC) 容量在串并联单元之间的合理分配,提高UPQC补偿效率,给出了一种UPQC容量优化设计及控制方法。利用矢量图方法分析了UPQC稳态运行特性,建立了UPQC容量与电源电压暂降/骤升幅度、负载容量、负载功率因数和负载电压变化相角之间的关系模型,将其作为UPQC串并联单元容量选择的依据。根据补偿后负载电压相角可控的特点,采用神经网络对负载电压相角进行优化估计,降低UPQC实时补偿功率。仿真结果证明,所提方法能有效减小UPQC设计容量,优化动态补偿效果。     

基于自适应滤波的单相统一电能质量控制器研究

在分析单相统一电能质量控制器（unified power quality conditioner,UPQC）瞬时功率平衡关系的基础上,提出一种基于自适应滤波电流检测的UPQC双电流源协调控制策略。鉴于电流检测精度对双电流源控制策略补偿性能的影响,在保留变步长自适应算法快速性的前提下,提出一种提高电流检测精度的定频率滤波器改进算法。针对双电流源UPQC的控制器设计,采用比例控制和重复控制构成复合控制实现了串、并联有源电力滤波器的电流跟踪控制;从UPQC整体出发建立直流电压闭环控制的小信号模型,为直流电压环的控制器参数设计提供理论指导。研究结果表明,基于该控制策略和控制器设计方案的UPQC系统实现了较好的负载电压和电网电流补偿效果。     

储能式统一电能质量控制器负载电压全补偿容量配置策略

常规储能式统一电能质量控制器(UPQC)的补偿策略,为了实现串、并单元的功率协调分配,可能出现补偿前后负载电压相位跳变问题,对相位跳变敏感负荷有影响。为此,文中对储能式UPQC提出了一种负载电压幅值和相位全补偿容量配置策略。该策略在实现负载电压完全补偿的前提下,利用储能单元能够提供有功功率的特点,通过选择合适的并联补偿电流并使其幅值保持恒定,减小补偿后的电源电流幅值,从而使串联单元保持较低的补偿容量,减小了UPQC的串联单元容量的配置。仿真及低压小功率样机实验结果表明,所提策略可以实现负载电压的完全补偿,并减小了UPQC的串联单元补偿容量。     

模型预测控制在统一电能质量调节器中的应用

提出了基于模型预测控制(model predictive control,MPC)的统一电能质量调节器(unified power quality conditioner,UPQC)以改善电网电能质量。介绍了UPQC的基本原理、结构,并对其进行建模得到其状态空间模型,以这个模型为基础,将MPC控制算法应用到UPQC系统中,设计了MPC控制器。仿真结果表明,基于MPC的UPQC能够有效补偿谐波、抑制干扰。     

带储能系统的新型统一电能质量调节器的设计

针对传统统一电能质量调节器(UPQC)在断电的情况下无法为用户提供电能的缺点,提出一种基于储能系统的UPQC结构,并设计了相关控制策略对其进行控制。当电网正常时,通过并联有源电力滤波器(PAPF)吸收一定的有功功率对蓄电池进行充电。一旦电网断开,蓄电池迅速释放电能使直流侧电压稳定,同时通过控制串联有源电力滤波器(SAPF)逆变,保持用户端电压稳定。为了实现储能系统稳压与PAPF稳压的无缝切换,设计了带积分预设的比例积分(PI)算法。针对电压定向方法,按照其定义,设计一种直接计算定向角的方法,该方法具有计算精度高,无相位滞后等优点。系统采用双DSP芯片控制,一片控制SAPF和PAPF,另外一片控制储能系统,两片DSP芯片通过RS232总线连接到ARM单片机,进行协调控制。实验结果表明,该系统能够有效地改善电能质量,即使在电网断开的情况下,也能继续为用户提供高品质电能。     

通用电能质量控制器直流侧电压控制建模与分析

为了对通用电能质量控制器直流侧电压进行更为有效的控制,提出一种用于三相三线通用电能质量控制器(UPQC)直流侧电压控制的外环模型。在所得模型的基础上利用经典控制理论分析了实际UPQC的补偿能力;并通过分析抗扰动性能,采用比例积分调节器时电压环稳定性以及采用比例调节器时电压环稳定性,详细比较了直流侧电压的两种控制方法——反馈控制和复合控制(反馈加前馈控制)。仿真和实验结果验证了UPQC的最大补偿能力,同时表明复合控制具有较好的抗扰性能,以及在比例调节器下具有较好的相对稳定性。     

Realization of UPQC H∞ coordinated control in Microgrid

Aiming at the complicated power quality problems with the coexistence of voltage quality and current quality in Microgrid, a comprehensive regulation technology of power quality is urgently needed, which makes unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) have widespread application fields. As a multiple power quality conditioner, UPQC gathers the functions of voltage quality compensator, current quality compensator and energy storage device in the integrated manner, meeting the needs of comprehensive power quality control for the Microgrid. In this paper, the advanced H_∞ control theory is adopted for further development on the UPQC generalized controlled system, and the Riccati solution method of the H_∞ controller is presented. Through analyzing the coupling effect between UPQC series unit and shunt unit, a design method of UPQC coordinated controller based on H_∞ control theory is proposed. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can realize UPQC series unit voltage tracking compensation and shunt unit current tracking compensation simultaneously without steady-state phase shift and amplitude degradation. Moreover, the proposed method radically eliminates the coupling effect between UPQC series unit and shunt unit, and realizes the multiple power quality coordinated control functions of UPQC.     

电动汽车充电电源并联均流技术

电动汽车充电电源目前主要是采用多个充电电源并联供电方式实现大功率输出。这里以电流控制模式的充电电源模块为研究对象,研究了电流控制模式的充电电源自动实现多模块并联均流的原理,并在LTC3722-1集成控制器仿真建模基础上实现了电流内环控制电压外环,指出了电动汽车充电电源采用电流控制模式实现多模块并联均流的优点及其可行性。     

Resistive optimization with enhanced PLL based nonlinear variable gain fuzzy hysteresis control strategy for unified power quality conditioner

This paper proposes a Resistive Optimization Technique (ROT) incorporated with enhanced phase-locked loop (EPLL) based Nonlinear Variable Gain Fuzzy (NVGF) hysteresis control strategy for three-phase, three-wire Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) for compensating current harmonics, reactive power, voltage sag/swell, voltage harmonics and voltage unbalance present in the power system distribution network. This novel resistive optimization control strategy is exploited for reference signal generation for both shunt and series inverter. This proposed algorithm adaptively regulates the DC-link capacitor voltage without utilizing additional controller circuit and makes the control system simple as it does not involve any complex optimization methods. Furthermore, a nonlinear variable gain fuzzy based hysteresis controller is proposed for controlling the hysteresis band, which effectively reduces the band violation and improves the tracking behavior of UPQC during load transient, distortion and unbalanced supply conditions of power system. The proposed control strategy of UPQC is validated through MATLAB/SIMULINK followed by the experimental setup accomplished with real-time-hardware-in the loop (HIL) system OPAL-RT simulator and adequate results are reported after a comparative assessment with the conventional PI and hysteresis controller.     

Power quality enhancement using fuzzy sliding mode based pulse width modulation control strategy for unified power quality conditioner

This paper proposes a fixed switching methodology based on fuzzy sliding mode pulse width modulation (FSMPWM) control strategy for three-phase three-wire unified power quality conditioner (UPQC). The proposed FSMPWM control technique eliminates numerous power quality (PQ) problems such as current harmonics, load unbalance, voltage sag/swell, voltage unbalance, voltage distortion and phase-angle jump existing in the power distribution network. Initially, the design of FSMPWM is based on the implementation of sliding surface by proper extraction of reference current and voltage signals for UPQC. Subsequently, the equivalent control law is formulated for both shunt and series converter. With this consideration, Mamdani fuzzy rule base is designed at the sliding surface for generation of switching pulse. Moreover, the proposed method eliminates the chattering effects by smoothing the control law in a narrow boundary layer for generating fixed switching pulse for both shunt and series converter. The performance of proposed UPQC system has been simulated and analyzed by MATLAB/SIMULINK followed by real-time experimental studies accomplished with a real-time-hardware-in the loop (HIL) system in OPAL-RT simulator. Additionally, the efficacy of this proposed technique is compared with a conventional sliding mode controller (CSMC).     

电动汽车充电设施互操作性测试方法研究*

供电设备与电动汽车之间的互操作性测试对电动汽车的推广应用起着特别重要的作用。文中首先介绍了控制导引电路原理,基于新国标和最新的传导充电互操作性测试规范设计了交流充电桩和缆上控制与保护装置(IC-CPD)互操作性测试装置,阐述了互操作性各检测项目的测试目的及评判依据,并对各检测项目进行了检测及分析。检测结果表明,目前充电桩的互操作性测试主要存在以下问题:(1)检测点1的电压值超出了±0.8 V的容许范围;(2)充电连接控制时序不符合标准要求;(3)当充电桩在非正常条件下充电结束或停止时,不能在规定的时间内断开交流供电回路。     

Management of reactive power sharing & power quality improvement with SRF-PAC based UPQC under unbalanced source voltage condition

This paper is proposed to establish a new control algorithm for UPQC (unified power quality conditioner) to improve power quality and manage effectively equal reactive power sharing between shunt and series inverter of UPQC under unbalanced source voltage condition. The extraction of instantaneous power angle for reactive power sharing faces difficulty with unbalanced source voltage condition. This paper presents a new SRF (synchronous reference frame) based PAC (power angle control) method using decoupled load current parameters for efficient utilization and coordination of UPQC inverters. The proposed controller contributes in improvement of source current and load voltage harmonic profile, provides efficient way of load reactive power compensation and load voltage compensation for sag, swell and unbalanced condition. Effect of source voltage variations in the form of sag, swell or unbalancing on variable power angle estimation and reactive power calculations are also validated through a mathematical analysis. SRF based PAC control approach and PAC based UVT (unit vector template) control approach is adapted for estimating the reference signals of shunt and series inverter respectively and thus reducing the need of extra computation. The simulation and experimental analysis is carried out using Matlab/Simulink software package for computer simulation and a dSPACE based experimental setup for real time verifications.     

基于自抗扰控制的电动汽车快速充电纹波抑制方法

电动汽车大功率快速充电采用直流供电方式,前级整流器产生的电压纹波不仅使蓄电池中出现过电压和过电流,降低电池寿命,还会降低后级DC-DC斩波器运行的稳定性,影响充电质量。因而,将整流器输出的电压纹波限制到规定的水平至关重要。以非线性、强耦合的三相桥式PWM整流器为研究对象,将自抗扰控制技术引入整流器控制中。对系统在两相同步旋转d-q坐标系下进行建模,并采用电压电流双闭环控制,根据直流侧输出电压与d轴电流的关系,将自抗扰控制器应用于电压外环控制中,利用PSCAD对系统进行仿真,与传统PI控制器的仿真对比表明,自抗扰控制器能够快速、准确地跟踪输出指令,降低输出电压纹波,提高系统的动态特性,且具有较好的抗负载扰动能力。     

基于情感智能控制器的统一电能质量调节器

为解决统一电能质量调节器(Unified Power Quality Conditioner,UPQC)直流侧电压稳定控制问题,提出一种基于大脑情感学习的智能控制器(Brain Emotional Learning Based Intelligent Controller,BELBIC)新型控制策略。基于背靠背脉宽调制(Pulse Width Modulation,PWM)变流器结构的UPQC电路系统,采用开关函数描述方法建立并联补偿控制和串联补偿控制电路的数学模型。根据大脑情感学习(Brain Emotional Learning,BEL)计算模型的结构特点和作用机理,提出基于BELBIC智能控制的UPQC系统多目标控制框图。仿真及实验结果表明可以实现电流和电压的补偿输出,直流侧电压稳定,系统具有良好的动静态特性,验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性。