HLA框架下舰艇CGF的总体方案及其实现

计算机仿真技术的发展以及提高综合训练真实度的需求使得计算机生成兵力(computer generated force，CGF)在军事训练领域得到了高度重视和应用。为了在潜艇综合训练仿真系统中使用舰艇CGF，必须仿真海洋复杂环境下舰艇实体的一整套作战过程。为了提高舰艇CGF的重用性和可扩展性，采用了与HLA兼容的体系结构。舰艇CGF被作为HLA框架中的一个联邦成员，并考虑到了在实际作战中的实体行为。     

舰艇CGF三维运动简化模型研究及其实现

计算机仿真技术的发展以及提高综合训练真实度的需求使得计算机生成兵力(computer generated force,CGF)在军事训练领域得到了高度重视和应用。为了在潜艇综合训练仿真系统中使用舰艇CGF，必须仿真海洋复杂环境下舰艇实体的一整套作战过程。为了提高舰艇CGF的重用性和可扩展性，采用了与HLA兼容的体系结构。舰艇CGF被作为HLA框架中的一个联邦成员，并考虑到了在实际作战中的实体行为。     

电子战CGF系统的设计与建模

随着先进分布仿真技术、人工智能技术的发展，计算机生成兵力（CGF）正日益得到建模与仿真人员的重视，电子战CGF因此成为设计用于电子战仿真用的DIS系统的重要环节。在基于Agent建模思想指导下，首先讨论了电子战CGF系统的设计框架，然后叙述了通信电台、雷达、侦察站、干扰站的作战行动模型，Agent行为模型及多Agent系统模型的建模方法及特点，最后阐述了设计电子战CGF系统的电磁态势可视化和基于HLA的网络接口技术，仿真结果表明：电子战CGF系统的构造及简化模型效果理想，能够满足指挥训练系统的需求。     

基于CGF/HLA的坦克分队攻防对抗系统仿真研究

基于高层体系结构（HLA）框架构建作战仿真系统是近年来作战仿真系统发展的趋势和研究的重点。鉴于此，文中提出了基于HLA的计算机兵力生成技术开发坦克分队攻防对抗系统的方法。给出了坦克分队攻防对抗系统的体系结构，对仿真对抗系统的仿真模型进行了讨论，对基于CGF技术的坦克排长车仿真子系统的设计实现方法进行了探讨，为坦克分队攻防对抗系统的研发提供了可靠的技术借鉴。     

舰艇CGF系统智能推理决策研究

CGF实体智能化的研究是CGF领域的一个研究重点和难点。而CGF推理决策模型设计是CGF建模的关键环节,为了使舰艇CGF实体在仿真环境中具有智能,采用了人工智能技术。该文在设计舰艇CGF系统推理决策模型过程中,使用了模糊理论来实现敌方实体威胁程度的决策,使用了人工神经网络来实现武器开火的决策。这些人工智能技术在舰艇兵力模型设计中的应用表明,它们能够有效地提高仿真实体的智能水平。     

基于HLA的地空导弹CGF模型

计算机生成兵力是军用仿真特别是分布式交互作战仿真的重要支撑技术,在武器装备研制和兵种、多平台联合作战模拟演习中有着及其重要的作用。文章首先介绍基于HLA的计算机生成兵力(CGF)技术,接着对地空导弹CGF的模型要求进行了讨论,最后给出了包括预警雷达子模型、武器的火控与瞄准子模型、拦截弹子模型在内的地空导弹CGF模型的具体实现方法。应用该CGF模型具体实现方法开发的基于HLA的计算机仿真程序,可以很好地满足导弹与目标对抗作战的真实性、导弹拦截飞行过程演示的实时性以及模型粒度的灵活性、适用性等方面的要求,对于今后地空导弹仿真的进一步研究和应用有很大意义。     

基于CGF/HLA的坦克分队攻防对抗系统仿真研究

基于高层体系结构(HLA)框架构建作战仿真系统是近年来作战仿真系统发展的趋势和研究的重点。鉴于此,文中提出了基于HLA的计算机兵力生成技术开发坦克分队攻防对抗系统的方法。给出了坦克分队攻防对抗系统的体系结构,对仿真对抗系统的仿真模型进行了讨论,对基于CGF技术的坦克排长车仿真子系统的设计实现方法进行了探讨,为坦克分队攻防对抗系统的研发提供了可靠的技术借鉴。     

基于HLA无源干扰仿真系统的CGF建模的研究

在了解分析高级体系结构HLA的基础上,以无源干扰仿真系统为例,由计算机生成和控制多个CGF仿真实体,并通过对实体的动态建模、智能决策建模,和由RTI控制仿真系统的时空一致性,自主地对仿真环境中的战场态势做出最佳决策,并按智能决策发射干扰弹,组织有效对抗.建模理论和方法的研究在仿真技术领域一直占有主导地位,此无源干扰仿真系统的CGF建模,增加了虚拟战场环境的复杂度和逼真度,对武器研制的可行性分析、测试与评估、参与者的训练等发挥了重要的作用,达到了仿真与建模的高效性.     

CGF建模的相关标准研究

文章通过对CGF建模过程中涉及的标准化问题：框架、体系、指挥决策标准以及地形建模标准进行阐述，在此基础上，分别提出了对应的技术实现途径，对于CGF建模的互操作和可重用性将起到促进作用。     

基于HLA／CGF的防空攻防作战模拟

基于高层体系结构(HLA)框架构建作战仿真系统是近年来作战仿真系统发展的趋势和研究的重点.鉴于此,本文中提出基于HLA 的计算机兵力生成技术进行防空攻防作战模拟,给出该仿真系统的体系结构,对基于CGF技术的系统的设计实现方法进行探讨,用计算机兵力生成软件为平台,编程实现作战过程二维态势演示,为防空攻防作战仿真系统的研发提供了可靠的技术借鉴.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.