基于面-内胞模型的三维四向编织复合材料渐进损伤数值模拟

为了准确预测三维四向编织复合材料的纵向拉伸力学性能,对编织复合材料的面胞和内胞细观实体模型进行参数化建模,面胞模型考虑了纱线空间轨迹的偏移和横截面的挤压变形。用体素网格离散模型并施加合适的边界条件,将各组分材料的损伤模型编入到有限元分析软件ABAQUS用户定义材料子程序UMAT中。分别对内编织角为30°和45°的三维四向碳纤维/环氧树脂编织复合材料的面-内胞模型进行数值分析,经体积加权平均获得不同厚度编织复合材料试件的纵向拉伸模量和强度,通过统计具有相同破坏模式的积分点数量研究复合材料的渐进损伤过程。结果表明:基于面-内胞模型预测三维四向编织复合材料的纵向拉伸力学性能与试验值吻合良好,损伤分析结果合理地反映了面胞和内胞的渐进损伤过程。      

含界面相三维全五向编织复合材料拉伸行为模拟及失效机制研究

基于三维全五向（Q5D）编织复合材料的细观结构模型,通过引入界面相单元,建立了含界面相Q5D编织复合材料单轴拉伸损伤失效分析模型。应用Python语言实现对ABAQUS的二次开发,将Linde等提出的失效准则和Von-Mises应力准则分别用于纱线和基体的渐进损伤判断,并确定材料的整体失效模式;对于界面相,采用Quads准则进行损伤判断。利用周期性位移边界条件,对含界面相Q5D编织复合材料的纵向拉伸应力-应变行为进行了渐进损伤数值模拟,详细讨论了在纵向拉伸载荷作用下材料的细观损伤起始、扩展和最终失效的演化过程,分析了材料的细观损伤失效机制,预测了材料的极限破坏强度,并研究了界面相性能对材料整体力学行为的影响规律。研究结果表明,数值模拟结果与实验值吻合较好,验证了渐进损伤模型的有效性,为该类材料的力学分析和优化设计奠定了基础。     

三维四向大编织角复合材料的细观强度分析

编织角是影响三维编织复合材料力学性能的最重要因素.实验数据表明:大编织角复合材料在单向拉伸作用下的破坏形式较为复杂,其应力-应变曲线呈现非线性特性.本文建立了细观应力场的均匀化列式和有限元求解方法,运用该方法对三维大编织角复合材料的细观应力分布进行了数值模拟,结合相关的强度理论对材料进行失效分析,并进一步对材料的拉伸强度进行预测.强度计算结果与实验结果较为吻合.     

三维四步编织复合材料刚度和强度的数值模拟

为了研究三维四步法编织复合材料的力学性能,利用ANSYS有限元软件对材料的细观体胞模型进行数值模拟,计算三维编织复合材料的宏观弹性常数,讨论了纤维编织角和体积比对弹性常数的影响。采用不同的强度准则分别对纤维束和基体材料进行强度校核,从而得到材料发生破坏时失效单元的体积百分比。根据失效单元的分布情况分析材料的破坏机理,进而预报材料的拉伸强度。模拟计算结果与实验值吻合较好。     

三维五向编织复合材料纵向性能的实验研究

通过对具有不同编织结构参数的三维五向编织复合材料试件的纵向拉伸和压缩实验,分析了该类材料的纵向拉、压刚度和强度随编织工艺参数的变化规律以及材料的失效形式.三维五向编织复合材料在破坏前基本保持线弹性,纵向拉、压破坏具有脆性特征,拉伸模量和压缩模量比较接近,但拉伸强度远大于压缩强度.编织角和纤维体积含量对材料性能的影响显著,纱线粗细的影响不大.提高第五向纱线的比例,可提高材料的纵向性能.此外,研究中采用短标距薄板试件,以避免试件产生整体屈曲和端部纤维束开裂破坏.     

三维四向编织碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料在热环境中的拉压力学性能实验

针对不同编织角度的三维四向编织碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料,进行了热环境下的轴向拉伸和压缩力学性能实验研究,讨论了温度对三维四向编织复合材料的轴向拉伸和压缩力学性能的影响,并根据宏观断裂形貌和SEM图像分析了材料的破坏和断裂机制。结果表明,随着测试温度的升高,三维四向编织碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的纵向拉伸强度有小幅提高,而纵向压缩强度显著降低。在室温条件下,编织角对材料的纵向拉伸破坏特征没有影响,而对材料的纵向压缩破坏特征有较大影响。随着测试温度的升高,不同编织角度复合材料的纵向拉伸和压缩的损伤破坏形态均与室温条件下明显不同。      

三维五向编织复合材料渐进损伤分析的数值方法

基于连续损伤理论, 推导了含损伤裂纹的正交各向异性材料的应力-应变关系。建立了考虑界面脱粘破坏的三维五向编织复合材料细观体胞模型, 并将有限元网格尺寸和单元裂纹尺寸引入损伤演化方程。采用Hashin准则和von-Mises准则分别判断纱线与基体的初始损伤, 结合Eshelby-Mori-Tanaka方法确定材料的刚度退化系数。利用ANSYS有限元软件对材料进行渐进损伤分析, 得到了材料在单向拉伸作用下的应力-应变曲线和极限强度。计算结果表明, 轴纱为材料的主要承力部分, 小编织角材料的破坏模式主要为纱线的拉伸断裂, 界面破坏情况较为严重。模拟计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

基于三胞模型的2.5D编织复合材料力学性能研究

为了准确预测2.5D编织复合材料的纵向力学性能,本工作以2.5D等厚度和变厚度编织复合材料为研究对象,基于细观结构表征结果,建立了一种考虑表面挤压效应和纱线错位滑移影响的2.5D等厚度和变厚度编织复合材料的全胞和三胞模型;并在所建立的全胞和三胞几何模型的基础上,基于逐渐损伤法开展了2.5D等厚度和变厚度编织复合材料的数值模拟分析,对不同结构的纵向刚度和强度进行了预测,模拟了不同结构的损伤扩展过程和损伤行为,并与实验结果进行对比验证.结果表明:考虑表面挤压效应和纱线错位滑移影响的全胞和三胞模型能更准确地预测2.5D编织复合材料的力学性能;三胞模型的数值模拟结果能更准确地反映2.5D编织复合材料的损伤扩展过程,更全面地表征2.5D编织复合材料的损伤行为.     

二维编织陶瓷基复合材料偏轴拉伸力学性能预测

基于二维编织C/SiC复合材料的细观结构,建立了碳纤维丝/热解碳界面/SiC基体和纤维束/表层SiC基体两种尺度下的细观单胞模型,通过有限元方法计算碳纤维丝/热解碳界面/SiC基体模型的等效弹性常数和强度,然后代入纤维束/表层SiC基体模型中计算,并引入Tsai-Wu失效准则,考虑不同失效模式的损伤,建立了二维编织C/SiC复合材料的渐进损伤模型,模拟了其偏轴拉伸应力-应变行为。针对该模型,阐述了二维编织C/SiC复合材料单胞模型在复杂应力状态下其纤维束的损伤过程。数值模拟结果与实验数据吻合较好,验证了模型的有效性,为该种材料的力学性能分析提供了一种有效方法。     

三维编织复合材料渐进损伤模拟及强度预测

采用考虑纤维束相互挤压的纤维束截面八边形单胞模型, 引入周期性边界条件, 对三维编织复合材料的渐进损伤过程进行数值模拟, 并预测了材料的拉伸强度。通过在应变能密度函数中引入损伤状态变量, 建立了含损伤材料的刚度矩阵, 运用基于不同失效模式下损伤状态变量的刚度渐进折减法表征材料积分点损伤, 通过数值结果与试验结果的对比, 分析了Hashin和Tsai-Wu两种准则作为判定纤维束起始损伤的适用性。分析表明: 基于引入不同失效模式的Tsai-Wu准则的数值模拟和试验结果吻合良好; Hashin准则不适合作为编织纤维束的损伤判据; 不同编织角材料的失效机制不同。      

Bearing Abilities and Progressive Damage Analysis of Three Dimensional Four-Directional Braided Composites with Cut-Edge

Cut-edge is a kind of damage for the three-dimensional four-directional (3D4d) braided composites which is inevitable because of machining to meet requisite shape and working in the abominable environment. The longitudinal tensile experiment of the 3D4d braided composites with different braiding angles between cut-edge and the ones without cut-edge was conducted. Then representative volume cell (RVC) with interface zones was established to analyze the tensile properties through the fracture and damage mechanics. The periodic boundary conditions under the cut-edge and uncut-edge conditions were imposed to simulate the failure mechanism. Stress-strain distribution and the damage evolution nephogram in cut-edge condition were conducted. Numerical results were coincident with the experimental results. Finally the variation of cut-edge effect with the specimen thickness was simulated by superimposing inner cells. The consequence showed that thickness increase can effectively reduce cut-edge influence on longitudinal strength for 3D4d braided composites. Cut-edge simulation of braided composites has guiding significance on the actual engineering application.     

三维六向编织复合材料弹性性能理论预测

在三维六向编织物纱线运动规律的基础上, 建立了单胞模型, 推导了编织参数之间的数学关系。基于该模型, 采用改进的刚度平均化方法, 导出了三维六向编织复合材料的工程弹性常数, 分析了编织角和纤维体积含量对弹性性能的影响。结果表明, 三维六向编织复合材料具有良好的力学性能, 由于面内纬纱的加入, 使面内的力学性能得到了提高。      

Investigation on the Bearing Abilities of Three-Dimensional Full Five-Directional Braided Composites with Cut-Edge

The longitudinal tensile experiments of cut-edge effect on the mechanical performance of three-dimensional full five-directional (3DF5D) braided composites were conducted. The specimens involved two different braiding angles and two different cutting ways. Fracture appearance of specimens without cut-edge and cutting along width direction presented flush, while explosive for specimen with cut-edge along thickness direction. The fracture of axis yarns mainly contributed to the damage of specimens. Cut-edge had little influence on the stiffness of 3DF5D braided composites and had approximately 20 % reduction in tensile strength compared with specimens without cut-edge. The periodic boundary conditions under cut-edge and uncut-edge situations were applied to the RVC to simulate the mesoscopic damage mechanism using finite element method. The stress–strain curves and damage evolution nephogram were obtained. The variation of cut-edge effect with the number of inner cells was predicted by superimposing inner cells method, the addition of inner cells could strengthen the performance of 3DF5D braided composites with cut-edge. These results will play an important role in evaluating the mechanical properties of braided materials after cutting.     

三维全五向编织复合材料弹性性能及热物理性能的有限元分析

在三维全五向(Q5D)编织复合材料细观结构模型的基础上, 建立了其单胞参数化有限元模型。通过施加合理的边界条件, 计算得到了Q5D编织复合材料的弹性常数、 热传导系数和热膨胀系数, 所得结果与现有的实验数据吻合较好。在此基础上, 深入研究了纤维体积分数、 编织角等工艺参数对材料弹性性能和热物理性能的影响规律, 并将计算结果与三维四向(4D)和三维五向(5D)编织复合材料的相应结果进行了对比。结果表明, Q5D编织复合材料具有较好的力学性能和纵向导热性能, 其零膨胀结构的可设计性更强, 为进一步研究此种结构材料的强度问题和热力耦合问题奠定了基础。     

Investigation on the compressive properties of the three dimensional four-directional braided composites

The compressive mechanical properties of three dimensional (3D) braided composites are of key concern for design in actual engineering application. A representative volume cell (RVC) is chosen to study the uniaxial compressive mechanical properties of the braided composites with different braid angles by combing damage theory and finite element method. The fiber misalignment and longitudinal shear nonlinearity of braid yarn are considered in the computation model. And their influences on the compressive behavior of the braided composites are also evaluated. The damage development of constituents within the braided composites are obtained and analyzed. The main damage and failure modes and their interaction of braid yarn are provided as well. The numerical results are found that the compressive mechanical behavior of the braided composites with lower braid angle is sensitive to the fiber initial imperfection of braid yarn. The strength of the braided composites with different braid angle is controlled by the different microscopic failure modes.