TC4钛合金微细铣削仿真与试验研究

钛合金由于其高的强度和耐热性、低的导热系数,在微细加工时若切削参数选择不合理容易导致切削力大、加工质量不稳定。在微细铣削加工中,由于刃口半径和尺寸效应的存在,选择合适的切削参数对于切削状态的改善有重要意义。通过仿真和试验对比分析,研究TC4钛合金在微细铣削过程中每齿进给量对切屑变形、铣削力和加工表面粗糙度的影响,以期为改善微细切削状态、提高加工表面质量提供合适的切削参数选择指导。结果表明,在使用刃口半径为2.05μm、刀具直径为1 mm的硬质合金铣刀对TC4钛合金进行微细铣削加工时,微细铣削TC4钛合金切削状态发生转变时所对应的临界每齿进给量为0.8μm/z;微细铣削时每齿进给量应大于此临界值。     

单晶铝纳米切削过程分子动力学模拟技术研究

运用分子动力学模拟技术建立单晶纳米切削模型,对纳米切削过程进行模拟,从分子间作用力和位错的角度对切屑形成过程和纳米加工表面的形成机理进行分析,并对切削刃刃口半径的大小和刀具磨损对已加工表面质量的影响进行研究。     

高速铣削合金铸铁时锯齿状切屑形成的有限元模拟

为深入研究合金铸铁的高速切削机理,建立了高速切削的有限元模型,对高速铣削合金铸铁时的锯齿状切屑形成过程进行了仿真分析,获得了切削参数对锯齿状切屑形成的影响规律,为优化切削参数、提高刀具寿命和加工表面质量提供了参考依据。     

切屑形状的研究方法及研究现状

归纳了研究切屑形状的常用方法,分析了目前的研究情况,指出在超薄切削时必须充分考虑刀具刃口半径对切屑的影响,并应进一步考虑工件材料的流动应力随温度、应变、应变比率变化的影响;同时加强切屑的在线控制研究,以进一步提高工件加工表面质量。     

铣削加工每齿进给量的决定因素研究及验证

研究了面铣刀的主偏角对切屑厚度和每齿进给量的影响,铣削中每齿进给量的决定因素,切削宽度与刀具直径的比值对切屑厚度的影响等问题进行理论分析,同时结合变速箱壳体铣削加工过程进行验证,解决了合理选择铣刀及切削参数以提升加工效率的问题。     

微切削镍基高温合金表面质量的研究

镍基高温合金是一种难加工金属材料,加工后表面质量很难保证。而表面质量是微切削加工追求的重要内容,其对加工后零件的耐磨性、耐腐蚀性和热传导性能都有很大的影响。在分析切削实验结果基础上,进行微切削仿真,深入研究镍基高温合金微切削时的表面质量。结果表明:微切削过程中切屑层晶粒破碎并由于产生的高温软化在前刀面形成积屑瘤,积屑瘤软化从下刀面流出,残留在加工表面形成硬点毛刺。由于微切削刀具刃口钝圆半径尺寸不能忽略,进而产生犁耕现象,即在进行微切削的过程中,钝圆前方的晶粒被刀具刃口挤压,压入加工表面,在加工表面形成凹陷。由仿真现象发现,锯齿形切屑的形成有利于减少犁耕现象。     

Inconel 718合金超声振动切削质量与刀具寿命控制研究

超声振动切削UVC是解决难加工材料精细加工问题的理想方法。在对Inconel718合金同时进行UVC和传统车削法CT加工中,研究了切削参数（切削速度、进给量、切削时间）对刀具切削性能的影响。通过对刀具磨损、切屑形态和工件表面粗糙度的研究,发现在进行低速硬态切削时,UVC在切削表面质量和刀具寿命方面均优于传统车削加工。同时随着刀具－工件表面接触率TWCR的降低,刀具磨损和切削力随之降低,而工件表面质量和刀具寿命得到提高。     

微细切削毛刺的有限元仿真

在微细加工精密微小零件的过程中,存在的主要问题之一是有微型毛刺产生。利用有限元软件Abaqus对铝2024-T3微细切削进行仿真,运用Johnson-Cook(J-C)模型建立工件材料模型,用网格自适应技术(arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian,ALE)实现切屑和工件的分离,切屑和刀具的接触摩擦模型采用修正的库仑摩擦定律,动态模拟微型毛刺的形成过程,分析不同刀具几何参数及切削参数对毛刺形成的影响,得到微细加工过程中不同刀具几何参数及切削参数对微型毛刺形成影响的一般规律。分析结果为优化刀具几何参数及切削参数、减少微细切削中的毛刺和提高表面加工质量等提供指导。     

渐变强化刃刀具硬切削过程切屑流动和刀具磨损研究

刃口倒棱结构在提升切削刃强度的同时也进一步增大了切削过程中的热力载荷,进而影响着硬切削加工的切屑流动、刀具磨损和加工表面质量。利用高速摄影方法,对比分析了渐变强化刃和定值倒棱两种结构PCBN刀具的切屑流动特性,发现渐变强化刃结构具有协调切屑流动的作用,能有效地解决硬切削过程切屑积聚问题。结合硬切削试验,开展了渐变强化刃刀具磨损特性研究,结果表明：与定值倒棱刀具相对集中的磨损带不同,渐变强化刃刀具磨损区域则更为狭长,后刀面磨损带呈现为长三角形,具备了更为优异的刃口保持性和耐用度,当进入到刃形改变阶段,其磨损机制由磨粒磨损机制逐渐变化为磨粒、氧化和扩散等多种机制的混合形式。渐变强化刃结构刀具在改善切屑流动和提升刀具耐用度方面均体现出了明显的优势,具备了良好的推广应用前景。     

微细切削刀具切削刃局部应力分析

在分析目前微细切削刀具设计过程缺陷的基础上,针对微细切削中切削厚度相对较大、可忽略切削刃刃口半径的情况,研究了切削刃附近的局部应力分布状态,建立了微细切削刀具切削刃附近应力分布的数学模型,并阐述了切削厚度对微细切削刀具强度的影响.     

Cutting force model considering tool edge geometry for micro end milling process

The analysis of the cutting force in micro end milling plays an important role in characterizing the cutting process, as the tool wear and surface texture depend on the cutting forces. Because the depth of cut is larger than the tool edge radius in conventional cutting, the effect of the tool edge radius can be ignored. However, in micro cutting, this radius has an influence on the cutting mechanism. In this study, an analytical cutting force model for micro end milling is proposed for predicting the cutting forces. The cutting force model, which considers the edge radius of the micro end mill, is simulated. The validity is investigated through the newly developed tool dynamometer for the micro end milling process. The predicted cutting forces were consistent with the experimental results.     

Investigation on the burr formation mechanism in micro cutting

It is desirable to minimize burr formation for improving part quality. This paper presents an investigation on the burr formation mechanism in micro cutting by taking into consideration the stress distribution around the cutting edge arc. The influences of the uncut chip thickness and the cutting edge radius on burr formation were investigated. Poisson burr is attributed to the side flow of the stagnation material at the bottom of the cutting edge arc. The stress distribution at the cutting edge arc has great influence on Poisson burr formation. The burr height decreases to the minimum value and then increases with reducing the uncut chip thickness due to the change of the maximum stress distribution. An optimum machining strategy also is suggested in micro milling of snake-shaped groove microstructure.     

Influence of size effect on burr formation in micro cutting

Burr is an important character of the surface quality for machined parts, and it is even more severe in micro cutting. Due to the uncut chip thickness and the cutting edge radius at the same range in micro cutting process, the tool extrudes the workpiece with negative rake angle. The workpiece flows along the direction of minimum resistance, and Poisson burr is formed. Based on the deformation analysis and experiment observations of micro cutting process, the factor for Poisson burr formation is analyzed. It is demonstrated that the ratio of the uncut chip thickness to the cutting edge radius plays an important role on the height of Poisson burr. Increasing the uncut chip thickness or decreasing the cutting edge radius makes the height of exit burr reduce. A new model of micro exit burr is established in this paper. Due to the size effect of specific cutting energy, the exit burr height increases. The minimum exit burr height will be obtained when the ratio of uncut the chip thickness to the cutting edge radius reaches 1. It is found that the curled radius of the exit burr plays an important role on the burr height.     

Cutting surface quality analysis in micro ball end-milling of KDP crystal considering size effect and minimum undeformed chip thickness

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄ or KDP) crystal is a typical soft-brittle optical crystal, and the size effect and brittle cutting mode are easy to appear in micro ball end-milling of KDP crystal. In this paper, micro-grooving experiments are conducted to study the size effect and brittle cutting in micro ball end-milling of KDP crystal with different feed rate and depth of cut. The cutting force, machined groove base quality and chip morphology are collected and analyzed carefully. The size effect is discovered by the phenomena of the existence of oscillations and relaxations in cutting force and hyper-proportional increase of specific cutting force, when the ratio of feed per tooth to cutting edge radius f_t/r_e is less than 1. While the brittle cutting mode is detected through the existence of sharp fluctuations in cutting force and cracks on the groove base when the ratio f_t/r_e is larger than 2. From the further comprehensive analysis of cutting force, specific cutting force, machined groove base quality and chip morphology, the cutting parameters with ratios of the maximum undeformed chip thickness in one cutting circle to cutting edge radius h_max/r_e around 0.14, 0.2 and 0.4 are regarded as size effect, optimal and brittle cutting points, respectively. The size effect, ductile cutting and brittle cutting zones are divided by the size effect and brittle cutting boundaries (points). Among the optimal points, the depth of cut of 2 μm with the ratio f_t/r_e of 1 is the optimal cutting parameter for micro ball end-milling of KDP crystal.     

超声振动和切削液联合作用下的刀刃非物理锐化

超声辅助切削和切削液的联合使用能减小切削力和降低表面粗糙度,试图说明其机理,目的是为开发精密和超精加工技术打下基础。超声辅助切削和切削液的联合使用,从性质上改变了刀刃施加给工件表面的作用力,包括摩擦力和压力：在无切削液情况下,刀刃切入时,前刀面和后刀面施加给被切削面的摩擦力方向是指向刀刃;在有切削液情况下,刀刃切入时,前刀面和后刀面施加给被切削面的摩擦力方向是背向刀刃。背向刀刃的摩擦力,相对于指向刀刃的摩擦力而言,会导致剪切角增大,等效于更锋利的刀刃所产生的剪切角;切削液的存在使得刀刃施加给工件的力更加集中,等效于圆角半径更小的刀刃所能达到的效果;切削液在刀尖部位的压力分布不利于工件表面产生微裂纹。也就是说,超声辅助切削和切削液的联合使用起到了更锋利即更小圆角半径刀刃所起的效果,称之为非物理锐化。     

高速硬切削参数对切削力影响的数值模拟

建立了淬硬钢高速切削的有限元模型,通过Johnson-Cook（JC）工件材料模型及JC失效准则来模拟切屑的形成过程;并研究了背吃刀量、刀具前角和刀尖圆弧半径等参数对切削力的影响规律.     

A study of the effect of tool cutting edge radius on ductile cutting of silicon wafers

Ductile mode cutting of silicon wafers can be achieved under certain cutting conditions and tool geometry. An experimental investigation of the critical undeformed chip thickness in relation to the tool cutting edge radius for the brittle-ductile transition of chip formation in cutting of silicon wafers is presented in this paper. Experimental tests for cutting of silicon wafers using diamond tools of different cutting edge radii for a range of undeformed chip thickness are conducted on an ultra-precision lathe. Both ductile and brittle mode of chip formation processes are observed in the cutting tests. The results indicate that ductile cutting of silicon can be achieved at certain values of the undeformed chip thickness, which depends on the tool cutting edge radius. It is found that in cutting of silicon wafers with a certain tool cutting edge radius there is a critical value of undeformed chip thickness beyond which the chip formation changes from ductile mode to brittle mode. The ductile-brittle transition of chip formation varies with the tool cutting edge radius. Within the range of cutting conditions in the present study, it has also been found that the larger the cutting edge radius, the larger the critical undeformed chip thickness for the ductile-brittle transition in the chip formation.     

用原子力显微镜扫描测量金刚石刀具刃口半径

介绍了应用原子力显微镜（ＡＦＭ）扫描测量超精密加工用金刚石刀具刃口半径的方法,给出了测量图象和测量结果。该方法可提高金刚石刀具刃口半径的测量精度,对进一步分析刃口参数对超精密加工表面质量的影响具有一定指导意义。     

金刚石刀具刀尖几何形状对超精密切削加工质量的影响

指出超精密切削实际上是刀具刀尖部分与工件的相互作用,分析了金刚石刀具刀尖几何形状和切削刃的锋利度对超精密切削加工质量的影响。认为正确地选择刀尖部分几何形状和修光刃钝圆半径是获得高质量加工表面的有力保证。