基于蚁群优化的WSN能耗均衡链状路由协议

为了从路由技术的角度解决无线传感器网络的能耗问题,综合蚁群优化算法和PEGASIS协议的思想提出了ACO-PEGASIS路由协议;该协议采用蚁群优化算法构建通信链,解决了PEGASIS协议中由于贪婪算法的局部性产生的相邻节点间的长链问题;并在成链过程中综合考虑节点间距离、节点剩余能量等因子,以均衡全网的能量消耗;同时根据距离和能量因素选取链头节点并采用一定措施降低链头重选次数;仿真结果表明,与PEGASIS协议相比,该协议更加有效地均衡了全网的能量消耗,延长了网络的生存周期。     

一种分布式能量有效的无线传感器网络分簇路由协议

提出了一种分布式能量有效的无线传感器网络分簇路由协议DEEC(Distributed Energy-efficient Clustering Algorithm)。该协议采用基于时间的簇首选择算法,广播时间取决于自身剩余能量和其邻居节点的剩余能量。在数据传输阶段,采用簇内单跳与簇间多跳相结合的方式,引入权值函数优化簇首中继节点的选择。仿真实验结果表明,与LEACH,PEGASIS协议相比,DEEC能够有效地节约单个节点能量、均衡网络能耗、延长网络生存周期。     

无线传感器网络中能量有效自适应路由算法研究

针对无线传感器网络寿命最大化问题,基于无线传感器节点能耗分布特点和数据传输能耗模型,建立无线传感器网络生存周期的数学优化模型,并针对最小能耗路由的能耗不均衡问题和能量均衡路由的能耗开销问题,综合考虑网络中节点的剩余能量和节点间发送数据的能耗,提出一个适合无线多跳传感器网络的自适应路由算法。仿真结果表明,提出的路由算法能充分地利用有限的能量资源,较大地延长网络生存周期。     

无线传感器网络中能量有效自适应路由算法研究

针对无线传感器网络寿命最大化问题,基于无线传感器节点能耗分布特点和数据传输能耗模型,建立无线传感器网络生存周期的数学优化模型,并针对最小能耗路由的能耗不均衡问题和能量均衡路由的能耗开销问题,综合考虑网络中节点的剩余能量和节点间发送数据的能耗,提出一个适合无线多跳传感器网络的自适应路由算法。仿真结果表明,提出的路由算法能充分地利用有限的能量资源,较大地延长网络生存周期。     

基于遗传模拟退火算法的无线传感器网路由协议

在无线传感器网络中(WSNs)中,由于节点能量有限,为了延长整个网络的生存周期,提出一种基于遗传模拟退火算法的无线传感器网络路由协议.利用模拟退火(SA)算法具有较强的局部搜索能力并能以稳定的速度收敛,克服遗传算法(GA)局部搜索能力差并容易早熟收敛等缺点.该路由协议在簇头节点选举时充分考虑了节点的剩余能量,并根据网络中数据转发能量耗损和延迟时间建立个体适应度函数,采用遗传模拟退火算法找到簇头节点到基站的最优路径.仿真结果表明:与其他协议比较,该方法不仅可以均衡各个节点的剩余能量,还可以有效延长整个网络生存周期和提高网络的数据传输能力.     

传感器网络中一种分簇的高能效路由算法

针对无线传感器网络中节点高耗能的工作特点,由于存在分簇结构不合理,造成负载不均衡。为此提出一种分簇的分布式能量高效路由算法HECRA。传感器节点根据节点ID(综合考虑剩余能量)自主地竞争簇首;通过优化分簇结构避免极小簇的存在,平衡了簇内能耗;簇首通过多跳方式将各个簇内收集的数据传送至sink节点,降低了簇首的能耗。仿真结果表明,HECRA比典型的分簇协议(PEGASIS),能提供更加均衡的能耗,延长网络的生存周期。     

基于混合粒子群算法的无线传感器网络路由协议

受节点有限能量的约束,无线传感器网络的路由协议必须满足高效节能的要求。在LEAcH协议和PEGASIS协议的基础上,提出一种基于混合粒子群算法的无线传感网络能量优化路由协议。该协议把网络按地理位置分簇,每个分簇通过混合粒子群算法构造一条最优的簇内链,以减少链路的总距离。同时,为了减小能量消耗和维持节点的能量均衡,根据剩余能量和距离因素选择簇头,各簇头再通过混合粒子群算法构造一条簇头链,选出总簇头把收集到的信息传送给基站。最后,对所提出的算法和同类算法进行了仿真比较,结果表明,采用混合粒子群算法后的链路长度平方和与采用贪婪算法的相比,减少了近一半,第一个死亡节点存活轮数延长了一倍左右,而且能耗更加均衡,验证了所提算法能够有效提高无线传感网络的性能。     

基于差分算法的无线传感器网络路由分簇协议

针对异构无线传感器网络分簇路由协议存在节点能耗不均衡问题,提出一种基于差分进化算法的路由协议及基于节点能耗的分簇协议。该协议首先以最大化网络中簇头节点的最小生存周期为目标,建立函数优化模型,并采用差分进化算法对其进行优化,从而延长网络整体的生存周期;然后根据节点通信列表中的簇头数目进行分簇,将节点分配给能耗因子较低的簇头,以达到均衡网络能耗的目的,延长普通节点的生存周期。仿真结果表明,基于差分的路由分簇协议能有效均衡网络中节点的能量消耗,显著延长网络的生存周期并提高网络能量利用率。     

WSN中基于最大最小化的优化路由算法

无线传感器网络(WSN)由能量受限的节点组成,需要设计路由算法优化节点的能耗。文章以最大化网络生存时间为目标,基于最大最小化模型提出了优化路由算法,定义了数据发送矩阵,设计了转发节点选择机制,以避免路由回路;基于节点收发数据的能耗及剩余能量,设计了求解优化路由的数学规划模型,优化了传感器节点的数据发送路径和发送量,均衡了节点的能量消耗。仿真结果表明,该算法能有效地均衡节点的能耗,延长网络生存时间。     

基于Dijkstra算法的层次式无线传感网络协议

针对无线传感网络节点能量有限的特点,本文结合LEACH协议的分簇机制和PEGASIS协议的多跳机制,引入网络集线器(Hub)代替簇头与基站进行通信,提出了一种基于DIJKSTRA算法的分层次无线传感网络路由协议LPBDA.仿真结果表明,本算法第一个死亡节点的生存周期比PEGASIS算浃提高超过100%,20%节点数和半数节点生存周期也得到改善,而且网络延时只有PEGASIS算法的50%以下,使得整个网络更加稳定.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.