低压离子色谱分离化学发光在线检测NO2-S2-

研究了低压离子色谱分离-柱后鲁米诺化学发光检测方法,并分离测定了NO2-和S2-,以碳酸钠作为洗脱液,Luminol-H2O2-NO2-(或S2-)作为化学发光检测体系,对NO2-和S2-两种阴离子进行在线检测.测定的线性范围分别为NO2-:5.0×10-8～10-6g/mL;S2-:1.0×10-8～6.0×10-7g/mL.检测限NO2-为:3.0×10-9g/mL,S2-为:1.4×10-9g/mL.该方法用于水样中NO2-和S2-含量的测定,结果满意.     

HPLC-安培检测测定废水中NO2-和S2-

采用反相离子对色谱法-电化学检测测定了废水中的NO_2~-和S~(2-)。对影响分离测定的诸因素进行了研究,建立了最佳色谱分离条件,方法具有快速、灵敏、选择性高等优点。     

离子色谱法测定黄河鄂尔多斯段水体中F-、Cl-、NO3-、SO4 2-浓度

随这鄂尔多斯经济的迅猛发展,城市规模的不断壮大。鄂尔多斯市制定了引用黄河水的战略措施。使黄河水成为鄂尔多斯城市居民的日常生活水源,所以黄河鄂尔多斯段的水质问题成为当地居民的热议话题。而其中F-、Cl-、NO3 -、SO4 2- 几种离子是作为水源地的必测项目。其水体的基本特点是泥沙含量高,浑浊,有机物含量丰富,因此Cl-、SO4 2-含量比较高,F-、NO3-含量比较小。笔者通过对实际样品有效的预处理,并选择恰当的稀释倍数,用ICS-1500离子色谱一次进样同时测定了F-、Cl-、NO3-、SO4 2-取得了满意的结果。     

离子色谱法连续测定地表水中地F^—、NO2—N、NO3—N

介绍了离子色谱法连续测定地表水中F^-、NO2－N、NO3－N浓度，在实际监测工作中的应用，取得了较好的实验结果。     

地下水中ClO_4~-浓度测定的分光光度法优化

采用单因素批试验方法优化亚甲蓝络合-分光光度法测定地下水中Cl O4-浓度的实验条件,确定0.2 mol/L硫酸溶液、0.5 mmol/L亚甲蓝溶液、1,2-二氯乙烷、无水硫酸钠的最佳用量分别为1 m L、1.5 m L、5 m L和0.1 g。该方法的相对标准偏差优于4%,加标回收率在95%~108%;检出限为9μg/L,测定下限为31μg/L。实验结果表明NO3-是影响Cl O4-浓度分光光度测定最为显著的干扰离子,其对Cl O4-浓度测定的干扰程度随着溶液中NO3-浓度增加而增强。揭示出NO3-对Cl O4-浓度测定干扰的规律性,吸光度差值与NO3-浓度间显著的相关性(R2=0.988)为解决NO3-的干扰问题提供了有效的途径,拓展了亚甲蓝络合-分光光度法的应用范围。     

微污染水源水中NO2--N的去除

采用生物接触氧化法对北京某水库的微污染水源水进行了去除NO2-—N的试验研究。结果表明,运行期间,生物接触氧化柱(简称生化柱)对NO2-—N的去除率最高可达98%。水温对NO2-—N的去除效果有很大影响,水温越高,生化柱去除NO2-—N的效果越好;在原水水温相同的条件下,原水中NH4+—N浓度越低,生化柱去除NO2-—N的效率越高;原水中NO2-—N浓度越高,生化柱去除NO2-—N的效率越高。     

感潮河段河水中NO3^——N测定方法选择

在双台子河下游潮汐河段NO3^--N的测定，采用酚二磺酸比色法和紫外分光光度比色法，并通过数理统计中的t检验法对比及加标回收率的实验提出；感潮河段应采用紫外分光光度比色不测定水中的NO3^--N。     

典型酸碱条件下NO2-对剩余污泥水解产酸的影响

控制温度35℃,在典型pH值条件下(酸性5.0,碱性9.0)对比研究了NO2-对剩余污泥水解酸化性能的影响.结果表明:投加亚硝酸盐促进了剩余污泥的水解,提高了总可溶性COD(SCOD)产量,且随着时间的进行,酸性时比碱性时水解程度更高,到第28d时,总SCOD浓度由高到低依次为B1(pH=5且加NO2-),B2(pH=9且加NO2-),B4(pH=9且未加NO2-),B3(pH=5且未加NO2-);B1,B2,B3和B4中总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFAs)最高浓度分别为4476,4303,1350和2921mg/L,表明亚硝酸盐同样增强了污泥的酸化程度,并且酸性条件时促进作用更大.除此之外,酸性且投加NO2-的条件可以有效减少氨氮的释放.     

壳聚糖衍生物修饰电极测定水中NO_2~-的研究

利用水杨醛对壳聚糖进行改性,合成壳聚糖席夫碱类衍生物(S-CTS),将其滴涂在玻碳电极表面成膜。用循环伏安法研究了该修饰电极对NO2-的电催化作用。实验结果表明,以0.1mol/LpH4.0的B-R缓冲溶液为底液,还原峰电流与NO2-浓度在1.8×10-1～70mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9915,检出下限达4.6×10-3mg/L。用于水样测定,结果满意。     

双波长光度法测定微量亚硝酸根

利用甲基蓝与亚硝酸根反应，根据双波长处吸光度的加和值与NO2^-浓度的线性关系，提出并建立了测定亚硝酸根含量的新方法。线性范围0．05－1．20mg/L，用于样品中NO2^-的测定均获得满意结果。     

北京大气中NO、NO2和O3浓度变化的相关性分析

臭氧(O3)是城市污染大气中的首要光化学污染物,其变化规律与氮氧化物(NOx=NO NO2)关系密切.采用49C臭氧分析仪和42CTL氮氧化物分析仪对北京城区O3和NOx浓度进行了连续观测,时间为2004-08～2005-07.结果显示,O3和OX(O3 NO2)浓度在午后15:00左右出现峰值,NOx呈双峰态日变化,在07:00和23:00左右出现峰值.不同季节污染物的浓度变化存在差异,O3和NOx浓度分别在夏季和冬季达到最大.NOx浓度存在100×10-9(体积分数)的"分界点",NOx低浓度时以NO2为主,NOx高浓度时NO占大部分.OX区域贡献和局地贡献存在明显的季节变化,前者主要受区域背景O3的影响,在春季最大,后者主要受局地NOx光化学反应的制约,在夏季最强,同时OX组分呈现显著的昼夜差异.     

Seasonal variability of ambient NH3, NO, NO2 and SO2 over Delhi

We present the diurnal and seasonal variability of ambient NH3, NO, NO2 and SO2 over Delhi, India. Ambient NH3, NO and NO2 were measured continuously during winter, summer and autumn seasons using NH3- and NOx-analyzer, which operates by chemiluminescence method with a higher estimation e ciency (> 90%) than the chemical trap method (reproducibility 4.7%). Prominent diurnal, day-to-day and seasonal variations of ambient mixing ratio of NH3, NO, NO2 and SO2 were observed during the study period. Seasonal variation with higher mixing ratio in winter was observed for all measured trace gases except NO. Day-night variation of all measured trace gases observed was higher in winter in comparison with summer. Late morning increase in NO2 mixing ratio might be attributed to conversion of NO to NO2 with the interaction of O3.     

Stochastic simulation of diurnal variations of CO,NO and NO2 concentrations in occupied residences

A stochastic approach to the problem of incorporating variable emission events in indoor air quality models is proposed. A nonstationary Poisson process is used to account for the occurrence of range-top burner use. The combination of this emission event sequence with a simple one-compartment mass-balance model results in output that qualitatively agrees with measured concentrations in two occupied townhouses. Improved monitoring of stove usage times, gas flow rates and emission factors under field conditions would allow more effective estimation of model input parameters and more accurate prediction of concentration distributions.     

Formation of HNO2 on aerosol surfaces during foggy periods in the presence of NO and NO2

A commercial Differential Optical Absorption Spectrometer (DOAS), measuring trace gases absorbing in the u.v./vis region was used for obtaining information on aerosol parameters (e.g. total surface) based on the observed Mie scattering. This procedure allows simultaneous measurements of trace gas concentrations and aerosol parameters within the same air volume. A series of measurements of HNO₂, NO₂, NO, SO₂ and aerosol parameters was performed at Ispra in northern Italy. The observations show a rapid formation of gaseous HNO₂ during foggy episodes and give direct evidence of an important contribution of reactions on wet aerosols to the transformation of tropospheric NO_x into HNO₂.     

Interference from HONO in the measurement of ambient air NO2 via photolytic conversion and quantification of NO

The reference method to quantify mixing ratios of the criteria air pollutant nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is NO-O₃ chemiluminescence (CL), in which mixing ratios of nitric oxide (NO) are measured by sampling ambient air directly, and mixing ratios of NO_x (= sum of NO and NO₂) are measured by converting NO₂ to NO using, for example, heated molybdenum catalyst or, more selectively, photolytic conversion (P-CL). In this work, the nitrous acid (HONO) interference in the measurement of NO₂ by P-CL was investigated. Results with two photolytic NO₂ converters are presented. The first used radiation centered at 395 nm, a wavelength region commonly utilized in P-CL. The second used light at 415 nm, where the overlap with the HONO absorption spectrum and hence its photolysis rate are less. Mixing ratios of NO₂, NO_x and HONO entering and exiting the converters were quantified by Thermal Dissociation Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopy (TD-CRDS). Both converters exhibited high NO₂ conversion efficiency (CF_NO2; > 90%) and partial conversion of HONO. Plots of CF against flow rate were consistent with photolysis frequencies of 4.2 s^-1 and 2.9 s^-1 for NO₂ and 0.25 s^-1 and 0.10 s^?1 for HONO at 395 nm and 415 nm, respectively. CF_HONO was larger than predicted from the overlap of the emission and HONO absorption spectra. The results imply that measurements of NO₂ by P-CL marginally but systematically overestimate true NO₂ concentrations, and that this interference should be considered in environments with high HONO:NO₂ ratios such as the marine boundary layer or in biomass burning plumes.     

Mechanism of NO reduction with non-thermal plasma

Non-thermal plasma has been proved to be an effective and competitive technology for removing NO in flue gas since 1970. In this paper, the NO reduction mechanism of the non-thermal plasma reaction in NO/N2/O2 system was investigated using the method of spectral analysis and quantum chemistry. By the establishment of NO reduction and gas discharge plasma emission spectrum measuring system, the NO reduction results, gas discharge emission spectra of NO/N2/O2 and pure N2 were obtained, and then the model of molecular orbit of N2 either in ground state or its excited state was worked out using the method of molecular orbit Ab initio in SelfConsistent Field(SCF). It was found that NO reduction in NO/N2 gas discharge plasma was achieved mainly through a series of fast elementary reactions and the N(E6) at excited state was the base for NO reduction.     

NO催化氧化的初步研究

利用一套小型动态试验装置进行配气实验，分析了一系列金属氧化物对气体中低浓度ＮＯ转化率的催化活性顺序为Ｃｒ＞Ｆｅ＞Ｃｏ＞Ｍｎ＞Ｃｕ，并对其综合影响进行了分析。通过实验总结出适宜的反应条件及催化剂配方，为以后研究提供了重要的数据资料。     

农田NO排放的自动观测

详细介绍农田ＮＯ排放自动观测的方法原理,系统整体构造及电路和气路配置,并讨论了观测结果的可靠性。同地,还就已取得的一些初步研究结果进行了分析,对华东秋,冬季麦田的ＮＯ排放进行自动连续观测的结果表明,秋季麦田的ＮＯ排放具有与温度几乎完全同步的日变化规律。