脂肪抽吸与腹壁整形相结合的腹壁体形重塑术

目的介绍联合运用脂肪抽吸与腹壁整形术进行腹壁体形重塑的方法,总结降低手术并发症和获得满意效果的经验.方法采用肿胀麻醉技术,利用负压吸引器或注射器进行腹壁深层脂肪抽吸;做耻骨联合上W形切口行腹壁整形术,视腹肌松弛情况进行腹直肌前鞘折叠缝合,切除多余皮瓣后分层缝合腹壁.结果共治疗30例,27例Ⅰ期愈合,另3例中1例皮瓣远端局部坏死,1例出现小范围血清肿,1例局部伤口裂开.随访3～12个月,腹壁平坦,腹围平均缩小16.4 cm,外形满意.结论在严格筛选受术者前提下,谨慎进行手术操作,脂肪抽吸与腹壁整形相结合的腹壁体形重塑术,能够获得较单独进行腹壁整形术更满意的效果,安全可靠,值得推广.     

腹壁成形联合脂肪抽吸技术的临床应用

目的 评价脂肪抽吸与腹壁整形联合术的疗效、安全性,总结降低术后并发症并改善手术效果的经验.方法 肿胀麻醉后,利用负压吸引器进行腹壁深层脂肪抽吸.在耻骨联合上设计W形切口行腹壁整形术,视腹肌松弛情况进行腹直肌前鞘折叠缝合及多余皮瓣的切除.结果 15例患者中,13例Ⅰ期愈合,1例右下腹腹腔积液及1例切口出现小裂口,均对症治疗后好转.术后随访3～24个月,腹围较术前平均缩小15.3 cm.手术效果良好,腹部形态明显改善,患者满意,无严重并发症发生.结论 脂肪抽吸与腹壁整形相结合的腹壁体形重塑方法具有高效、恢复快、外形佳等优点,是一种值得推广的腹壁整形方法.     

手术切除联合Ⅱ期脂肪抽吸腹部整形术

目的探讨手术切除联合Ⅱ期脂肪抽吸腹部整形的手术效果及手术适应证.方法首先行常规腹壁切除整形术,切除下腹松弛皮肤,折叠缝合腹直肌前鞘,缩小腹围;2个月后行脂肪抽吸术,吸出腹部皮下脂肪,加压包扎,穿紧身服塑形.结果 11例患者经手术切除联合Ⅱ期脂肪抽吸术,其皮瓣血运好,术后经6个月的随访,腹部平坦,效果满意.结论手术切除联合Ⅱ期脂肪抽吸可达到更好的腹部整形效果,对于腹部肥胖伴有腹部须行倒"T"型切口以缝合皮瓣的重度皮肤松垂以及有剖腹产史等患者,手术切除与脂肪抽吸应分期进行.     

手术切除联合Ⅱ期脂肪抽吸腹部整形术

目的　探讨手术切除联合Ⅱ期脂肪抽吸腹部整形的手术效果及手术适应证。方法　首先行常规腹壁切除整形术 ,切除下腹松弛皮肤 ,折叠缝合腹直肌前鞘 ,缩小腹围 ;2个月后行脂肪抽吸术 ,吸出腹部皮下脂肪 ,加压包扎 ,穿紧身服塑形。结果　 11例患者经手术切除联合Ⅱ期脂肪抽吸术 ,其皮瓣血运好 ,术后经 6个月的随访 ,腹部平坦 ,效果满意。结论　手术切除联合Ⅱ期脂肪抽吸可达到更好的腹部整形效果 ,对于腹部肥胖伴有腹部须行倒“T”型切口以缝合皮瓣的重度皮肤松垂以及有剖腹产史等患者 ,手术切除与脂肪抽吸应分期进行     

手术切除联合Ⅱ期脂肪抽吸腹部整形术

目的 探讨手术切除联合Ⅱ期脂肪抽吸腹部整形的手术效果及手术适应证。方法 首先行常规腹壁切除整形术，切除下腹松弛皮肤，折叠缝合腹直肌前鞘，缩小腹围；2个月后行脂肪抽吸术，吸出腹部皮下脂肪，加压包扎，穿紧身服塑形。结果 11例患者经手术切除联合Ⅱ期脂肪抽吸术，其皮瓣血运好，术后经6个月的随访，腹部平坦，效果满意。结论 手术切除联合Ⅱ期脂肪抽吸可达到更好的腹部整形效果，对于腹部肥胖伴有腹部须行倒“T”型切口以缝合皮瓣的重度皮肤松垂以及有剖腹产史等患者．手术切除与脂肪抽吸应分期进行．     

倒"T"形切口腹壁整形同期脂肪抽吸术

对于腹部脂肪堆积通常采用脂肪抽吸的手术方法,但抽吸过后腹壁会不同程度的松弛甚至下垂,并且随着时间增长松垂不可避免会加重,因此很多患者不得不再次接受腹壁整形手术。随着缝合技术及缝合材料的进步使腹壁整形术切口瘢痕变得更加细小不明显,使许多腹部肥胖患者放弃单纯脂肪抽吸而要求"一步到位"直接行腹壁整形同时对腹部其他部位行脂肪抽吸,为此笔者对手术做了改进,采用倒"T"形切口腹壁整形与腹部吸脂同期进行,术后效果满意,未增加手术并发症。     

脂肪抽吸同期腹壁整形治疗Ⅲ型腹壁畸形22例

目的：探讨脂肪抽吸同期腹壁整形联合治疗Ⅲ型腹壁畸形的,临床疗效。方法：采用肿胀麻醉,负压吸引器行腹壁脂肪抽吸;做耻骨联合上W形切口,折叠缝合腹直肌前鞘,切除多余皮瓣,分层缝合腹壁。结果：所有切口均I期愈合,随访6-24个月,腹部平坦,切口瘢痕不明显,外形满意。结论：脂肪抽吸同期腹壁整形治疗Ⅲ型腹壁畸形临床疗效较佳,安全可靠,值得推广。     

脂肪抽吸辅助以脐为中心的腹壁成形术

目的:探讨增进腹壁脂肪抽吸术的效果,解决脂肪抽吸后皮肤松垂、皱纹增多、腹部仍有膨隆等问题。方法:采用腹壁脂肪抽吸结合以脐为中心的腹壁成形术进行腹部塑形。先行腹壁脂肪抽吸术,再视腹壁有无剖宫产术后瘢痕分别实施双环正圆、双环椭圆及单环椭圆切除缝合腹壁成形术。结果:共治疗12例,随访1～5年,除腹部纵向缝合瘢痕部分变宽(0.2～0.4cm)外,外形满意,获良好的腹壁减肥塑形效果,无严重并发症发生,其中有2例行双环正圆切除缝合术和1例行单环椭圆切除缝合术的患者于术后一年为追崇时尚再次行脐周色彩文饰(呈太阳放射状图案)。结论:本方法是治疗腹壁脂肪堆积和腹壁皮肤松弛的较理想的方法。     

改良腹壁整形术

目的为进一步增进脂肪抽吸的效果,解决脂肪抽吸后皮肤松弛、皱纹增多、腹部仍有膨隆等的不足.方法在腹壁整形治疗中,联合采用脂肪抽吸术和腹壁整形术.首先根据腹部脂肪堆积的位置和高低程度的不同,均匀抽吸脂肪.完成脂肪抽吸后,根据术前皮肤、腹肌的松弛情况,再行腹壁整形术,沿腹肌筋膜表面分离,缩紧腹肌,向下拉动腹壁皮肤,确定多余皮肤的切除.结果自2003年至今,共治疗10例,手术效果良好,腹部形态明显改善,受术者满意.结论施行腹壁整形治疗时需要考虑腹部皮肤、皮下脂肪、腹壁肌肉以及腹内脂肪等多方面的情况,综合评估.单纯的脂肪抽吸只能解决皮下脂肪的堆积膨隆;而结合传统腹壁整形术和脂肪抽吸术的特点,针对腹部具体条件,有针对性的联合采用脂肪抽吸和腹壁整形等不同的手术方法,才能获得更为理想的腹壁整形效果.     

吸脂并脂肪充填联合腹臀部整形人体轮廓塑形术

目的：探讨采用多项手术方法（吸脂术、颗粒脂肪注射隆胸、丰臀术,腹壁整形及提臀术等）行体形重塑。方法：对172例就医者在肿胀麻醉下采用注射器吸脂,脂肪颗粒注射隆胸、丰臀,腹壁整形和提臀术。根据患者具体情况采用2种以上的手术组合。结果：随访1～5年,无并发症,切口瘢痕隐蔽,效果满意。结论：多种手术方法联合应用,是较为满意及可取的手术方法。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Is the recovery profile of mivacurium independent of the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with normal plasma cholinesterase activity?

Background: The duration of action of muscle relaxants is poorly correlated to the rate of decay of their plasma concentration. The plasma concentration of mivacurium may rapidly decrease below its active concentration because of the extensive hydrolysis of mivacurium. By inflating a tourniquet on one upper limb for 3 min after the administration of atracurium, mivacurium or vecuronium, we studied the influence of the initial decline of their plasma concentration on their effect. Methods: In 50 patients anaesthetised with thiopental, isoflurane and fentanyl, the effect of bolus doses of 0.15 or 0.25 mg . kg^?1 mivacurium (MIV 15, MIV 25), 0.3 or 0.5 mg . kg^?1 atracurium (ATR 30, ATR 50) and 0.06 or 0.1 mg . kg^?1 vecuronium (VEC 06, VEC 10) were measured on both arms (evoked response of the adductor pollicis to train-of-four stimulation every 12 s), a tourniquet being applied on one arm just before and during 3 min after the muscle relaxant bolus. Results: Tourniquet inflation of 3 min almost abolished the neuromuscular effect of mivacurium. In the vecuronium groups and in the ATR 50 group, tourniquet inflation did not modify the maximum degree of depression of the twitch response. Also, the duration of action of vecuronium was unaffected by the tourniquet. In the ATR 30 group, times to return of the twitch response to 25% (duration 25%) and 75% (duration 75%) of control response were significantly shorter in the cuffed arm, 23 min vs 27 min, and 41 min vs 45 min, respectively. In the ATR 50 group, only duration 25% was significantly shorter in the cuffed arm (41 min vs 45 min). Conclusion: The results suggest that the rate of decline of the plasma concentration of mivacurium is so rapid, that a very low and almost clinically ineffective concentration is present as soon as 3 min after its administration. The results also indicate that the recovery from a mivacurium-induced neuromuscular blockade is not influenced by the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with genotypically normal plasma cholinesterase.     

Membranes in Artificial Organs

Abstract: Membrane processes play a pivotal and enabling role in modern replacement therapy for acute and chronic organ failure and in the management of immunologic diseases. In fact, virtually all contemporary extracorporeal blood purification methods employ membrane devices, and the next generation of artificial organs and tissue engineering therapies are almost certain to be similarly grounded in membrane technology. In this short essay, we comment on the similarities and differences among synthetic membranes and their natural counterparts and also provide a critical overview of the demographics and technology of hemodialysis, hemofiltration, apheresis, oxygenation, and emerging membrane technologies and applications.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Intrathecal administration of sameridine to patients subjected to arthroscopic knee joint surgery

Background: Sameridine, a new substance with both local anesthetic and opioid effects, was administered intrathecally for the first time to humans, i. e. in patients subjected to arthroscopic knee joint surgery.
Method: A dose-escalating (10, 15, 20 and 25 mg), open study was performed in 33 patients. Only two patients were included in the 25 mg group.
Results: Sameridine provided good quality of surgical anesthesia in all patients except those receiving 10 mg. The maximum level of sensory block, Th5–Th7, was reached within 30 min with a median duration of 3.6–3.9 h. The motor block was more profound with increasing dose, but never lasted longer than the sensory block. The influence on heart rate and blood pressure was minor and atropine and ephedrine were needed in four patients. No clinically significant ECG-changes were detected and no arrhythmias were recorded. Oxygen saturation and respiratory rate did not decrease in a clinically significant way and were not affected by concomitant morphine given i. v. postoperatively. There were few side-effects, the most frequent being mild pruritus (10/33).
Conclusion: Sameridine provided clinically adequate anesthesia for the patients receiving the doses of 15, 20 and 25 mg. Further studies are needed to evaluate the substance and it is of great interest to clinically investigate the opioid component with respect to postoperative analgesia.     

Reduction of Plasma Fibrinogen, Immunoglobulin G, and Immunoglobulin M Concentrations by Immunoadsorption Therapy with Tryptophan and Phenylalanine Adsorbents

Abstract Immunoadsorption (1A) therapy with tryptophan (TR-350) or phenylalanine (PH-350) adsorbents has been used to reduce the concentration of serum antibodies in human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-immunized patients. Other forms of plasma purification have been reported to reduce the level of fibrinogen, which affects the blood properties. In this study we investigated the effects of IA therapy using both adsorbents on plasma fibrinogen and immunoglobulins G and M in 13 patients (8 patients were treated with TR-350, and 5 patients were treated with PH-350). During each session 1 plasma volume (2.8 ± 0.4 L of plasma) was processed through the immunocolumn and then returned to the patient together with the blood cells. Compared with the pretreatment values, the plasma fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM concentrations were significantly reduced after IA therapy (p < 0.01 for TR-350; p < 0.04 for PH-350). There was a positive correlation between the degree of reduction of plasma proteins and the number of IA treatments given. A nonpara-metric test (Wilcoxon's signed-rank test or the Mann-Whitney test) was used for statistical analysis. We conclude from our study that IA therapy effectively lowers the plasma levels of fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM and thus can be considered a valuable alternative to other blood purification methods.