Nondestructive test of weld residual stresses by acoustoelastic technique

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Numerical Simulation and Experimental Investigation of Residual Stresses in the Circumferential Butt GTAW of Incoloy 800H Pipes

The residual stresses developed during the circumferential butt gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process of Incoloy 800H pipes were simulated using the finite element method. A decoupled thermostructural model was developed in three dimensions. The element birth and death technique was used for the addition of filler material in the weld pool. The Goldak double ellipsoidal model was used to simulate the distribution of arc heat during welding. The plastic behavior of the material was described by Von Mises yield function and the bilinear kinematics hardening was assumed. To validate the thermostructural model, both temperature and residual stress distributions within the pipes were measured using thermocouples and strain gages, respectively. Good agreements were found between the experimental and simulation results. The model was then used to predict distribution of residual stresses during the GTAW of Incoloy 800H pipes and to study effects of process parameters on the residual stresses.     

超声等离子焊接在液压支架修复工艺中的应用

为提升液压支架修复的可靠性和经济性,对超声等离子焊接的应用效果进行了数值模拟和试验研究。根据所设计超声等离子弧焊系统的焊枪结构与焊接工艺参数建立了超声场有限元模型,基于COMSOL求解等离子气体的速度场、电弧密度场和声压场。对修复后的液压支架试样进行了显微硬度、残余应力及冲击韧性等力学性能测试。结果表明,超声波可在同等条件下将电弧压力提升20%以上,并在4 mm电弧直径内显著增强电流密度,有效减小热影响区范围和残余应力;等离子气体流速与电弧密度在靠近支架焊缝区域以近似相反的变化趋势分布,二阶特征频率振源能够在电极附近产生驻波;修复后支架的平均硬度和室温冲击吸收能量相比母材分别提升了44.6%和45.8%。     

工艺参数对异厚度铝合金激光拼焊板残余应力场的影响

采用小孔释放法检测异厚度铝合金激光拼焊后的残余应力场,分析残余应力产生的规律和原因,对比薄厚两板残余应力场的差异,分析激光功率、焊接速度、离焦量、添加粉末对残余应力场的影响.测量分析结果表明:异厚度铝合金激光拼焊残余应力场分布规律与普通熔焊方法相似,但分布区域较窄.对于不同的工艺参数,焊接功率越小、焊接速度越快、离焦量越大、不添加粉末时,残余应力场分布范围越窄.     

埋弧焊焊接及校正过程数值模拟

针对金属结构在焊后易产生残余应力和焊接变形的问题,以一种对焊钢制梁为例,采用有限单元法模拟埋弧焊焊后的残余应力和变形。结果表明,钢制梁焊后存在较大的残余应力,且纵向残余应力大于横向残余应力。以焊接结果为初始条件,分析是否考虑残余应力对校正后钢制梁应力分布的影响,结果显示校正后焊缝处仍存在较大的应力,因此焊接残余应力不能忽略。     

The use of ultrasonics in the optimisation of welding processes

Summary

A non‐destructive method for measurement of residual welding stress is described. The results are in good agreement with another proven semi‐destructive method. Excellent practical perspectives for a vast range of parameters, important to welders, with a direct influence on length of service life are given.

The welding process creates complex residual stress fields which may now be evaluated experimentally by various semi‐destructive or destructive methods.

In the case of welded compounds, these stresses are often high and may reach the elastic limit of the base metal, thus influencing the mechanical properties of welded assemblies.

A new non‐destructive, ultrasonic technique of evaluating stresses is presented here. The potential uses of this technique are to measure near surface stress and apply it to the optimisation of welding processes.     

The arc characteristic of ultrasonic assisted TIG welding

Many applications of ultrasonic-assisted methods were used during metal solidification, but they could not be introduced into weld pool. In this paper, a way of ultrasonic assisted TIG welding is introduced. By directly imposed ultrasonic vibration on welding arc, the vibration interacts with arc plasma and passes to the weld pool. Measurement results show that arc pressure is significantly increased with the ultrasonic vibration and the arc pressure distribution models are changed. Bead-on-plate welding tests on SUS304 confirm that this technology can influence the style of metal melting and increase weld penetration depth.     

缆式焊丝CO2气体保护焊接头残余应力高效数值计算和试验

文中采用基于焊缝形貌的温度热源模型高效计算其热过程,通过单丝CO2气体保护焊堆焊件的温度场计算和焊缝形貌比较验证该热源模型的正确性,采用小孔法测试表面应力验证基于该热源模型的残余应力计算结果.结果表明,基于焊缝形貌的给定温度热源模型适用于缆式焊丝CO2气体保护焊的焊接温度场高效数值模拟;缆式焊丝CO2气体保护焊的上表面焊缝区域及焊缝中心沿厚度方向的应力分布与埋弧焊基本一致,但远离焊缝区域的纵向压缩应力幅值大于埋弧焊纵向压缩应力.     

焊接工艺对9Ni钢焊缝超声检测的定量影响

从超声检测的定量对比出发,研究焊接工艺对9Ni钢焊缝超声传播性能的影响,探讨焊缝组织及晶粒度大小的变化对9Ni钢超声检测定量结果的影响,为优化9Ni钢超声检测工艺、提高缺陷超声波定量检测的精度提供依据。选用药芯焊丝电弧焊(FCAW)与手工电弧焊(SMAW)的焊缝进行超声检测结果的定量对比,分析了两种焊接工艺成型的焊缝与母材上同样缺陷的定量结果差异,并分析了检测中产生误差的原因。