挤压比对Mg-Zn-Y合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

研究了在350℃不同挤压比(16、32)下的Mg-6xZn-xY(x=0.5,0.75,1)合金微观组织和室温力学性能。结果表明,当挤压比为32时,合金中第二相体积百分含量较多,平均晶粒尺寸较小。其中,Mg-6Zn-1Y合金在挤压比为16时,α-Mg基体平均晶粒尺寸为14.6μm,抗拉强度及屈服强度分别为264MPa和169MPa;当挤压比为32时,α-Mg基体平均晶粒尺寸为5.9μm,抗拉强度和屈服强度达到337 MPa和237 MPa,分别提高了27.7%和40.3%。另外,所有合金经热挤压后都有良好的塑性,室温拉伸断口均呈韧性断裂特征。     

V-5Cr-5Ti合金准静态和高应变率拉伸力学行为

研究了电弧熔炼V-5Cr-5Ti合金在应变率为3.3×10-5～1.2×102/s范围内的拉伸性能,获得了应变率敏感系数.结果表明,在室温下低应变率下V-5Cr-5Ti合金的屈服应力和极限抗拉强度随应变率增加而增大,延脆转变应变率大约在101～102/s之间,从准静态到动态应变率范围应变率敏感系数较大;经光学显微镜、TEM、XRD和EDS分析表明,电弧熔炼V-5Cr-5Ti合金平均晶粒尺寸为200μm左右的等轴晶,且晶粒大小不均匀,应变率对晶粒尺寸没有明显影响;低应变率时,断裂表面为微孔洞聚集和穿晶断裂的混合模式,高应变率时为脆性断裂;V-5Cr-5Ti合金为板条马氏体组织,在晶界处有第二相析出物Ti(O、C、N)存在.     

碳纳米管增韧Al-Mg合金复合材料的制备与性能研究

选择碳纳米管为增强相,通过搅拌铸造法制备了碳纳米管增韧Al-Mg合金复合材料,研究了碳纳米管的添加量对复合材料力学性能、微观组织以及韧性的影响,并探究了碳纳米管对Al-Mg合金的增韧机理。结果表明,掺入适量的碳纳米管后细化了Al-Mg合金复合材料的晶粒,晶粒尺寸约为80μm,当碳纳米管的添加量为0.8%(质量分数)时,复合材料的断口形貌最均匀。随着碳纳米管添加量的增大,复合材料的抗拉强度、断裂伸长率、硬度均表现出先增大后降低的趋势,当碳纳米管的添加量为0.8%(质量分数)时,抗拉强度、断裂伸长率和硬度均达到了最大值,分别为208.6 MPa、15.8%和53.1 HB。适量碳纳米管的添加显著改善了Al-Mg合金的韧性,使断裂延伸率逐渐增大,屈服阶段延长,韧性得到提高,这是因为适量的碳纳米管添加后能够与合金发生较好的结合,并贯穿于合金的裂纹中,发挥出了桥联作用,阻碍了裂纹的萌生和扩展,从而改善了Al-Mg合金复合材料的韧性,延缓了合金的失效过程,延长了合金的屈服阶段。综上分析可知,碳纳米管的最佳添加量为0.8%(质量分数)。     

SiC_P/AZ91复合材料的显微组织、力学性能及强化机制

通过搅拌铸造工艺制备出SiCP体积分数分别为2%、5%、10%和15%的4种5μm SiCP/镁合金(AZ91)复合材料。对5μm SiCP/AZ91进行了固溶、锻造和热挤压。通过与AZ91对比,研究了SiCP对AZ91基体热变形后显微组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:SiCP/AZ91热变形后的晶粒尺寸取决于SiCP的体积分数。SiCP的体积分数由0%增加到10%时,SiCP/AZ91热变形后的平均晶粒尺寸减小;当SiCP颗粒继续增加到体积分数为15%时,平均晶粒尺寸反而增大。SiCP的加入能显著提高AZ91的屈服强度和弹性模量,并随颗粒体积分数的增加而增大。SiCP对AZ91基体的强化作用主要源于位错强化、细晶强化和载荷传递作用,其中,细晶强化对屈服强度的贡献最大。     

轧制方式对ZK60镁合金组织与性能的影响

目的 通过显微组织表征和拉伸性能测试等方法,研究轧制温度、多道次累积压下率及轧制路径对ZK60镁合金组织演变和力学性能的影响。方法 通过在不同温度(300、340、380、420 ℃)与同一多道次累积压下率下进行轧制实验,明确了后续轧制实验的轧制温度。随后在同一温度、单个道次压下率为10%、不同累积压下率下进行多道次单向轧制及交叉轧制实验,并对轧制后试样的力学性能及微观组织进行分析。结果 当轧制温度为380 ℃、累积压下率为40.1%时,材料动态再结晶程度最大,平均晶粒尺寸减小为15.48 μm,合金抗拉强度和断后伸长率最大,分别为301.46 MPa和20.56%。与多道次单向轧制相比,交叉轧制后合金板材基面织构强度明显降低,极密度值降低为9。材料RD方向的抗拉强度提高了6.35%,断后伸长率没有明显变化,TD方向的抗拉强度略微下降,但断后伸长率提高了71.47%,TD方向由脆性断裂转为韧性断裂。结论 随着温度与累积压下率的上升,ZK60镁合金的动态再结晶程度提高,晶粒得到细化,材料力学性能得到提升。在相同温度与累积压下率下,经交叉轧制后,材料基面织构显著削弱,材料的各向异性得到改善。     

珠光体钢(α+θ)微复相组织的形成与力学性能

系统研究了珠光体钢在冷轧与随后退火及温变形(温楔横轧)过程中的组织演变规律、力学性能变化、合金元素添加的影响等,发现共析珠光体钢经大冷变形及随后适当温度退火可以形成铁素体晶粒与渗碳体颗粒尺寸均在亚微米量级的(α+θ)微复相组织.冷轧变形后的珠光体组织非常不均匀,主要由不规则弯曲片层、带有剪切带的粗大片层以及精细片层组成.大冷变形能明显提高共析珠光体钢的屈强比和加工硬化指数,随轧制压下率的增大,共析珠光体钢冷轧态试样的强度提高,延性在冷轧压下率小于60%时出现急剧下降后又几乎保持不变.合金元素的添加使冷轧态试样的强度提高,但对延性的影响几乎可以忽略.实际温楔横轧后高碳钢棒件表层也具有超微细(α+θ)复相组织,温楔横轧过程中靠近表层的铁素体基体发生了动态连续再结晶,铁素体晶粒及渗碳体颗粒尺寸分别在0.4μm和0.2μm左右.温楔横轧后硬度与抗拉强度沿高碳钢棒件截面分布不均匀,心部略高于表层,但是在屈服强度方面.表层最高(约600MPa),心部次之(580MPa),其余部位介于二者之间.     

Zn掺杂对镁锂合金物相结构及力学性能影响的研究

从Mg-5Li-0.5Y出发,制备了不同Zn掺杂比例(0,0.3%,0.5%,1.0%)(质量分数)的镁锂合金材料,研究了Zn掺杂比例对镁锂合金微观结构和力学性能的影响。通过XRD、SEM和力学性能测试等对不同Zn掺杂比例的镁锂合金的物相结构、断面相貌和拉伸性能等进行了表征。结果表明,合金主要由α-Mg和β-Li相组成,为典型的α+β双相结构,随着Zn的掺入,合金中出现了Mg_(12)ZnY的衍射峰;所有合金的晶粒都比较均匀细密,尺寸约在5μm左右,Zn的加入改善了合金的微观结构,使晶粒更细化,晶界更光滑,且改善了α-Mg相和β-Li相的分布;随着Zn含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度都呈现出先增大后降低的趋势,而断裂延伸率呈现出逐渐上升的趋势。当Zn的含量为0.5%(质量分数)时,合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度达到最大值,分别为136和125 MPa;当Zn的含量为1.0%(质量分数)时,合金的断裂延伸率达到最大值,为10.7%;Zn的掺入导致合金的晶粒尺寸出现了明显的细化,合金断裂方式为韧性断裂。当Zn的含量为0.5wt%时,合金的力学性能改善效果最好,而继续增加Zn含量,合金断口处颗粒物增多,导致晶体中出现了较多的缺陷和杂质,使得合金的力学性能下降。     

形变热处理对Mg-4Al-1Si-1Gd合金组织及性能的影响

为改善Mg-Al-Si系(AS系)变形镁合金因第二相粗大、分布不均而性能较低的现状,在200℃下对挤压态Mg-4Al-1Si-1Gd合金分别进行不同时间(5 h、10 h、15 h)的等温时效和等通道挤压(ECAP)处理,并利用光学显微镜、扫描显微镜和拉伸实验分析其组织及拉伸性能.结果表明:随着等温时效时间的延长,晶粒尺寸增大,晶界处析出少量聚集的大尺寸Mg17 Al12相,时效10 h后合金的室温拉伸性能较优,但与挤压态相比强塑性明显降低.而形变时效提供的热变形能和应变累积量促进了动态再结晶的充分进行,晶粒尺寸由挤压态的10.68μm减小至2.20μm,Mg2 Si相和Si3 Gd5相碎化完全且分布更均匀,晶界处析出了大量颗粒状Mg17 Al12相,基面织构明显弱化,形成了新的非基面织构组分,抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率与挤压态相比分别提高了11.7％、33.7％和19.9％.经计算,细晶强化对屈服强度的贡献值为42.8 MPa,Orowan强化的贡献值为4.25 MPa.     

不同压下率低碳铝镇静钢板再结晶实验研究

将不同冷轧压下率的低碳铝镇静钢进行不同保温温度和时间的退火再结晶实验研究,利用维氏硬度计、金相显微镜和X射线衍射仪研究了退火后试样的硬度、金相显微组织及织构的变化情况。结果表明:在相同的退火工艺制度条件下,随着冷轧压下率的增加,再结晶开始和结束温度降低,晶粒尺寸减小。当冷轧压下率升高到68%后,冷轧压下率的增加对再结晶晶粒细化的作用减弱,甚至没有细化作用;680℃保温退火时,一开始就发生了再结晶,基本不需要孕育期。随着保温时间的延长,晶粒均匀长大,晶粒饼形程度增加;退火温度由660℃升高到720℃时,{111}面有利织构增加,{100}面不利织构减少,720℃退火温度较为适宜。冷轧压下率为58%的试样在760℃退火时发生了二次再结晶对实验钢板的力学性能产生不利影响。     

预变形对2050铝锂合金晶粒细化及超塑性的影响

通过形变热处理工艺制备2050铝锂合金细晶板材,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜等研究预变形对第二相分布、晶粒组织及板材超塑性的影响。结果表明:采用预变形后,高温过时效过程中板材晶内形成大量亚晶,大量的亚晶界促进了T_B相的析出同时提高了粗化速率,显著增加了晶内T_B相的尺寸,使得有效激发再结晶形核第二相粒子体积分数由0.92%提高至3.28%。同时与未预变形板材相比,板材中心层平均晶粒尺寸由12.59μm降低至9.59μm,表层平均晶粒尺寸由10.79μm降低至8.60μm,晶粒细化效果得到明显改善,超塑性变形能力显著提升,在490℃,2×10~(-4)s~(-1)的变形条件下,伸长率由230%提高至470%。     

Microstructure–mechanical property relationship in an Al–Mg alloy processed by constrained groove pressing-cross route

The constrained groove pressing-cross route process was implemented on a commercially annealed AA5052 alloy at room temperature, with up to two passes (strain of ～4.64) along the rolling direction and transverse direction. The results showed the formation of an ultrafine-grained structure with an average sub-grain/cell size in the 300–500?nm range. The indentation hardness and tensile strength increased significantly, up to ～75 and 105%, respectively, and became more homogenous with a uniform and isotropic trend, as compared to the annealed alloy. According to the Hall–Petch and Taylor models used, grain refinement and increasing dislocation density were proposed as the main strengthening mechanisms. Fractographic studies revealed a ductile-fracture behaviour, with a dimpled structure proportional to the UFG structure.     

Microstructure, mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of industrial Cu-0.5%Cr alloy processed by severe plastic deformation

Microstructure, mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of industrial Cu-0.5% alloy subjected to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) by route A and cold rolling with and without aging treatment were investigated. The lamellar grains in thickness of 100 nm were obtained after eight ECAP passes. They were not further pancake shaped, but fragmentary and obtained less sharp boundaries with more dislocations in addition to cold rolling. After aging at 450 °C for 1 h, high density of dislocations and some coarse grains were observable after ECAP and the additional cold rolling, respectively. The tensile tests show that tensile strength arrived at 460 MPa and 484 MPa after four and eight passes of ECAP, respectively, the corresponding tensile strength increased to 570 MPa and 579 MPa after the additional cold rolling. However, the electrical conductivity was not more than 35% IACS. It was proved that four passes of ECAP followed by 90% cold rolling and aging at 450 °C for 1 h offered a short process for Cu-0.5%Cr alloy to balance the paradox of high strength and electrical conductivity, under which the tensile strength 554 MPa, elongation to failure 22% and electrical conductivity 84% of IACS could be obtained. The high strength was explained by precipitation strengthening and fine grain strengthening.     

冷轧对Al_(10)Cu_(25)Co_(20)Fe_(20)Ni_(25)高熵合金组织结构及力学性能的影响

对铸态Al10Cu25Co20Fe20Ni25高熵合金进行冷轧处理后进行室温拉伸测试,并利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)分别对其相结构、微观组织形貌及拉伸断口进行分析。结果表明:经冷轧工艺处理后,Al10Cu25Co20Fe20Ni25高熵合金硬度最大为285HV,较轧制前提高了51.6%;在变形量为40%时,抗拉强度达到最大值,为638MPa,是铸态合金的2.7倍。拉伸断口分析表明,铸态合金的断裂模式为树枝晶沿晶断裂和韧窝型延性断裂,而冷轧态合金主要为韧窝型延性断裂模式。     

Characterisation of Mg–Li alloy processed by solution treatment and large strain rolling

The effects of solution treatment and large strain rolling (LSR) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–10.73Li–4.49Al–0.52Y alloy were investigated. Results showed that after solution treatment, α-phase and AlLi phase were dissolved into β matrix, which led to the increase of strength. With the increased temperature of LSR, new phase MgLi₂Al (θ-phase) and AlLi phase precipitated from the matrix in turns. The Mg–Li alloy rolled at 623?K with 75% reduction showed the ultimate tensile strength of 328?MPa, which was more superior to many other Mg–Li alloys. The excellent strength could be explained by the mechanisms of solution strengthening and fine grain strengthening.     

D6A钢在轧制过程中的强韧化机理EI北大核心CSCD

通过轧制-热处理工艺能够使D6A钢的强度显著提高。为了探究其强韧化机理,本实验采用热轧及两相区温轧退火工艺,获得微米级D6A合金钢样品,微观组织为铁素体基体及粒状渗碳体。通过室温拉伸实验、SEM、X射线衍射、EBSD等手段对实验钢的显微组织和力学性能进行表征,结果表明:随着变形量的增加,晶粒尺寸由4.5μm细化为1.5μm,渗碳体的含量逐渐增加,小角度晶界的比例升高,屈服强度和抗拉强度不断增加,伸长率略有降低,说明轧制过程使亚晶粒的尺寸不断降低,晶界面积增加,位错滑移受到的阻力增大。同时,本研究对不同轧制变形量实验钢的位错密度进行计算,当轧制变形量为88%时,位错密度最高,此时加工硬化的程度最高。随着变形量的增加,第二相强化和晶粒细化引起的强度增量呈不断上升的趋势,位错强化引起的强度增量先升高后降低,D6A钢的主要强化方式为第二相强化、细晶强化及位错强化。     

Aging impact on mechanical properties and microstructure of Al-6063

The impact of aging on the mechanical properties and microstructure of Al-6063 alloys were studied, using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, as well as tensile measurements. It was found that the 0.5% yield stress and the ultimate tensile strength increase at the beginning of the aging process, reach a maximum, and than decrease with increasing the aging duration. On the other hand, the uniform elongation, the total elongation, and the strain hardening factor decrease with increasing aging duration well after the material reaches the maximum strength (T6 conditions), reaches a minimum and than increase again. The final fracture area reduction also decreases to a minimum, which occurs simultaneously with the maximum of the ultimate tensile strength; then it increases with aging time. The final fracture area reduction is accompanied with morphology transition from transgranular shear rupture to a combination of transgranular shear rupture and intergranular dimpled structure. The intergranular rupture area increases with aging up to the minimum in the total elongation, and then decreases with aging duration. Aging is accompanied with the appearance of needle-like Mg₂Si precipitates except in Precipitation Free Zones (PFZ) that are adjacent to the grain boundaries. The PFZ size depends on the annealing temperature, while the morphology and density of the precipitates depend on the annealing duration. A correlation has been established between the PFZ and the measured mechanical properties and fracture morphology. The impact of the Mg/Si ratio on the mechanical properties is discussed.     

Intermetallic compounds evolution between lead-free solder and cu-based lead frame alloys during isothermal aging

This paper investigated the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) formation between SnAgCu solder and four Cu-based lead frame alloys during reflow soldering and isothermal aging. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) were used to study the cross-sectional microstructure and stoichiometric information. Optical Microscope (OM) was used to measure the mean thickness of IMCs. It was found that Ni and Sn trace element have important influences on the interfacial reactions. After soldering, for the case of Sn-Ag-Cu solder on Cu-Sn-Cr-Zn, Cu-Sn-P and Cu-Fe-P-Zn-Pb, an island type Cu6Sn5 and a thin Cu3Sn layer were formed at the interface. However, for the case on Cu-Ni-Si-Mg alloy, no Cu3Sn was detected and only a layer of ternary (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 was confirmed and some Cu6Sn5 particles was observed to disperse in the bulk solder. The top morphology of IMCs was also characterized after the solder was selectively etched away. The IMCs on the Cu-Ni-Si-Mg showed long rod-like shape, whilst the IMCs on the other three alloys appeared round. After different duration of aging at 150°C, all the IMCs grew thicker and the grain size became larger. The rod-like IMCs on Cu-Ni-Si-Mg gradually transformed into round shape and it was relatively smaller compared to that on the other three alloys. Moreover, the growth rate of IMCs on Cu-Ni-Si-Mg is the fastest among the four alloys.     

A comparative analysis of tensile and impact-toughness behavior of cold-worked and annealed 7075 aluminum alloy

The present research reports comparative analysis of effects of cold working (CW) and annealing on tensile and impact-toughness behavior of 7075 Al alloy. Cold-rolled samples were annealed at various temperatures in the range of 225–345 °C for 5 min. A remarkable increase in ductility and impact toughness was observed when specimens were annealed at temperatures above 265 °C for 5 min. It was also found that cold rolling has a profound effect on strength anisotropy that enhances with amount of % CW. The maximum strengths were observed in the transverse direction in the investigated alloy. Cold rolling has been found to impart a significant effect on decreasing the impact toughness of alloy that enhance with amount of % CW; this loss in impact energy could not be compensated by recrystallization process. It has also been shown that impact test can be considered as a simple method for measurement of toughness and plastic anisotropy in sheet and plate. The analysis of the fracture surfaces with the scanning electron microscope presented dimpled morphology for the failure ductile mechanism in starting material and fibrous structure with some quasi-cleavage regions in cold-rolled samples, corresponding to the ductile to brittle fracture mechanism.     

控温铸型连铸Cu-Ni-Si合金的加工工艺与组织性能的关系及其机理

采用控温铸型连铸(temperature controlled mold continuous casting,TCMCC)技术制备C70250铜合金带坯,对带坯进行冷轧及不同温度和时间的时效处理,研究加工工艺与微观组织、力学性能及导电性能的关系,并揭示其机理。结果表明:TCMCC制备的C70250铜合金带坯具有粗大的柱状晶组织,横向晶界较少,经变形量97.5%的冷轧后形成了沿轧向的纤维条带状组织。当时效温度为450℃、时效时间为60min时,合金的抗拉强度为758MPa、导电率为54.5%IACS;与传统制备工艺相比,抗拉强度提高了5.3%,导电率提高了36.3%,实现了强度和导电率的同步提升。该条件下合金保留了纤维条带状组织并均匀析出了大量尺寸为6~10nm的Ni2Si相,通过加工硬化和Orowan强化共同作用提高了合金的强度;且溶质原子得到充分析出,横向晶界较少,显著提高了C70250铜合金的导电性能。     

The effects of asymmetrical cold rolling on kinetics,grain size and texture in IF steels

Asymmetrical rolling is a promising way to achieve high rolling reductions and potentially grain refinement. However in steels the effect of asymmetrical rolling is not thoroughly quantified. In this paper the impact of cold asymmetrical rolling obtained by changing the roll velocity ratio (from 1.1 to 1.45) on the deformation and recrystallization features has been finely investigated by Electron Back-Scattering Diffraction in a Scanning Electron Microscope. In the investigated conditions (with low thickness reduction), it is found that asymmetrical rolling induces grain refinement and more homogeneous gamma fiber texture.