云南丽江和吉林靖宇11种越橘果实花色苷组分的分析

采用高效液相色谱法对云南丽江、吉林靖宇11种越橘果实花色苷组分进行测定。通过标准品的分析,建立了飞燕草素-3-半乳糖苷、飞燕草素-3-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素-3-半乳糖苷、矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷、锦葵色素-3-半乳糖苷、锦葵色素-3-葡萄糖苷的回归方程,相关系数为0.9939~0.9968,精密度RSD为2.00%~3.73%,回收率在98.90%~100.99%,方法准确可行。通过6种标准品的对比,供试的15个样品中,所有越橘品种均有飞燕草素-3-半乳糖苷、矢车菊素-3-半乳糖苷、锦葵色素-3-半乳糖苷3种花色苷,飞燕草素-3-半乳糖苷平均含量为223.99 μg/g、锦葵色素-3-半乳糖苷平均含量为153.34 μg/g,二者占总花色苷的65%。采用欧氏距离聚类分析表明,集群1为飞燕草素-3-半乳糖苷含量较高的三种越橘,代表品种为丽江雷戈西、丽江奥尼尔、靖宇杜克;集群2为6种花色苷总含量较高的越橘品种,代表品种为丽江北陆与靖宇早蓝,说明飞燕草素-3-半乳糖苷含量与花色苷总含量是评价越橘花色苷特点的重要因子。     

黑小麦籽粒花色苷组分的分离与鉴定

为鉴定黑小麦花色苷成分，选择四种黑小麦籽粒，优化提取方法，经C18-SCX-C18固相萃取，利用高效液相-四级杆-飞行时间质谱联用鉴定花色苷成分。研究表明黑小麦花色苷均存在于种皮，适合整粒提取花色苷。优化提取方法为：50%乙醇、1.0%盐酸、固液比1:5（w/v），超声辅助提取4 h。花色苷粗提液经C18-SCX-C18混合模式的固相萃取方法处理后，杂质含量显著降低。质谱初步鉴定出18种花色苷类化合物，其中矢车菊素和芍药色素的衍生物为黑小麦主要的花色苷，占98 %以上。己糖是与花色苷苷元结合最多的糖，乙酰基和丙二酰基为最主要的酰基。此外发现两种花色苷结构，分别为矢车菊素-（双乙酰）己糖苷和矢车菊素+己糖苷+咖啡酸酰化（环化）。     

不同种植地区蓝莓果中花色苷的分布

目的:探究不同种植地区的蓝莓果实中花色苷含量与海拔高度、纬度等环境因素之间的关系。方法:选取不同海拔高度和纬度的10个种植地区“灿烂”品种的兔眼蓝莓果实为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱(HPLC-ESI-MS)定性和定量分析蓝莓果中花色苷的组成成分,比较不同种植地区的蓝莓果中花色苷苷元、糖基组成与含量的差异。结果:从蓝莓果中检测到5类花青素苷元,共13种花色苷,苷元含量组成由高到低为锦葵色素>矢车菊素>飞燕草素>矮牵牛素>芍药素;糖基组成由高到低为半乳糖苷>阿拉伯糖苷>葡萄糖苷,其中从芍药素中仅检测到半乳糖苷。蓝莓果中锦葵色素-3-O-半乳糖苷和矢车菊素-3-O-半乳糖苷的含量最高,而飞燕草素-3-O-葡萄糖苷和矮牵牛素-3-O-葡萄糖苷含量低,在部分地区的蓝莓果中缺失或未检测到。不同种植地区蓝莓果中花色苷组成虽基本一致但含量存在差异。云南龙朋代表的低纬度、高海拔地区种植的蓝莓果中花色苷总含量最高,高纬度、低海拔地区的浙江草塔的蓝莓果中花色苷总含量最低。结论:不同种植地区的地理环境影响蓝莓果中花色苷的分布,高海拔地区的环境条件更利于蓝莓果实中花色苷的合成和积累。     

HPLC-ESI-MS/MS鉴定几种提取物的主要花色苷成分

随着人们对食品中合成添加物中潜在的健康意识的提高,水果和蔬菜中天然提取物在食品工业中的应用受到了广泛关注。本文通过高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子化串联质谱联用技术(HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)对几种提取物中的主要花色苷成分进行了成分鉴定。通过对比相关文献结果,推测出葡萄皮花色苷的主要成分为:飞燕草-3-半乳糖苷、矢车菊-3-葡萄糖苷、矮牵牛-3-葡萄糖苷、芍药素-3-葡萄糖苷、锦葵素-3-葡萄糖苷、飞燕草素-3-葡萄糖苷;黑米花色苷的主要成分为:矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷、矮牵牛素-3-葡萄糖苷、飞燕草素-3-葡萄糖苷;紫甘薯花色苷中主要检测出了:芍药素-3-咖啡酰-对羟基苯甲酰槐糖苷-5-葡萄糖苷、芍药素-3-咖啡酰-阿魏酰槐糖苷-5-葡萄糖苷。通过研究不同提取物中的花色苷成分,为其在食品中的应用提供理论数据。     

蓝莓成熟过程中花色苷组分的变化

通过分析研究不同成熟度蓝莓果实的总花色苷含量及其花色苷组分的动态变化规律,以期为蓝莓采收和加工提供参考。采用p H示差法测得不同成熟度蓝莓的总花色苷含量,高效液相色谱质谱联用(HPLC-MS/MS)确定单个花色苷结构,用HPLC定量分析单个花色苷含量。结果表明:随着蓝莓果成熟度的增加,花色苷合成速率不断加快,花色苷含量逐渐积累,紫黑期含量达到最大值2827 mg/kg;蓝莓成熟过程中共有15种花色苷,分别为飞燕草色素、矢车菊色素、矮牵牛花色素、芍药色素、锦葵色素这5种花色苷元所连接的半乳糖、葡萄糖和阿拉伯糖3种糖残基;在蓝莓发育过程中,飞燕草素类、矮牵牛花素类、芍药素类、锦葵素类均呈显著增长趋势,而矢车菊素类增长至成熟后期开始明显减少。     

平阴玫瑰花色苷的鉴定及对LPS/AGEs/4-HNE诱导炎症的抑制

平阴玫瑰是我国山东特有的玫瑰花资源，于2010年被批准为新资源食品。本文提取并鉴定平阴玫瑰花中的花色苷，以脂多糖(LPS)、晚期糖基化终末产物(AGEs)、4-羟基壬烯醛(4-HNE)分别诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞构建炎症模型，研究其对活性氧(ROS)、一氧化氮(NO)生成及部分炎症因子表达的影响。结果表明:平阴玫瑰花色苷主要含有2种苷元，分别为矢车菊素和芍药色素；共鉴定出6种主要花色苷，分别为3种矢车菊素-二己糖苷、2种芍药素-二己糖苷及芍药素-芸香糖-己糖苷。花色苷能显著抑制LPS、AGEs和4-HNE诱导的RAW264.7细胞中ROS和NO的产生，显著抑制促炎因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、iNOS的表达，表现出较好的抑制炎症反应的效果。     

HPLC-ESI-MS分析紫色小白菜中花色苷组成分析

采用HPLC-ESI-MS方法测定并分析"新紫冠"紫色小白菜中花色苷的组分及其含量。结果表明,"新紫冠"紫色小白菜中含有矢车菊及飞燕草两类花色苷,以矢车菊-3,5-双葡萄糖苷标准品测得总花色苷含量为51.36μg/g·fw,其中矢车菊类花色苷含50.71μg/g·fw,占总含量的98.73%,飞燕草类花色苷含0.65μg/g·fw,仅占1.27%。矢车菊类花色苷全部以酰基化的形式存在,共检测出10种矢车菊类花色苷及相应的9种同分异构体,其中矢车菊-3-阿魏酰-槐糖苷-5-丙二酰-葡萄糖苷是含量最多的花色苷成分,达16.36μg/g·fw,占总含量的31.85%。     

蓝靛果酒发酵工艺优化及发酵过程对花色苷的影响

以蓝靛果为原料,进行蓝靛果酒发酵工艺的优化,并分析发酵过程对花色苷含量及花色苷组成的影响。通过比较不同酵母及不同糖类对果酒总酸、残糖、花色苷含量、乙醇体积分数及感官评分的影响,选择安琪葡萄酒果酒专用酵母SY作为发酵菌,蔗糖作为菌株的碳源,研究酵母接种量、起始pH值和发酵温度对蓝靛果酒理化性质及感官的影响,并在单因素试验的基础上进行3因素3水平的正交试验优化。结果表明,蓝靛果酒发酵的最佳工艺为：接种量0.15%、起始pH?3.2、发酵温度26?℃。在此条件下发酵12?d,乙醇体积分数为9.33%,感官评分为75.15,花色苷质量浓度为80.49?mg/L,为初始花色苷质量浓度（211.0?mg/L）的38.13%。利用高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用测定发酵对花色苷组成及各组成所占比例的影响,结果显示发酵前后的样品中均含有所测的8?种花色苷,发酵后矢车菊素-3-二己糖苷、芍药素-3,5-二己糖苷、矢车菊素-3,5-二己糖苷、芍药素-3-芸香苷、矢车菊素-3-乙酰基乙糖苷及芍药素-3-葡萄糖苷所占峰面积均有所增加,而矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷和天竺葵素-3-葡萄糖苷所占峰面积降低。     

西伯利亚白刺果实花色苷的初步鉴定

以西伯利亚白刺果实为材料,利用光谱方法和色谱方法对其花色苷进行了初步鉴定。结果表明：西伯利亚白刺果实花色苷中1号色素为天竺葵色素-3-葡萄糖鼠李糖苷,3号色素为矢车菊色素-3-葡萄糖鼠李糖苷,4号色素为飞燕草色素-3-半乳糖苷。     

蔓越莓花色苷的组成鉴定及抗氧化能力

对蔓越莓花色苷的组成进行鉴定,并对其抗氧化能力进行测定。采用pH示差法测定花色苷提取量,超高压辅助提取蔓越莓花色苷含量为（75.49±0.43）mg/100?g,常规溶剂提取蔓越莓花色苷含量为（67.31±1.08）mg/100?g,蔓越莓中总花色苷含量为（79.52±0.50）mg/100?g;选择AB-8大孔树脂对蔓越莓花色苷粗提物进行纯化,冻干粉中花色苷含量从（46.10±0.92）mg/g提高到（309.26±2.37）mg/g。通过测定1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除率、2,2’-联氮基-双-（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）二铵盐自由基清除能力和总抗氧化能力,比较蔓越莓花色苷与VC的抗氧化能力。结果表明：同质量浓度条件下,蔓越莓花色苷的抗氧化能力强于VC。通过高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术在蔓越莓中鉴定出7?种花色苷：芍药素-3,5-二己糖苷、矢车菊素-3-半乳糖苷、矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素-3-阿拉伯糖苷、芍药素-3-半乳糖苷、芍药素-3-葡萄糖苷、芍药素-3-阿拉伯糖苷,其中芍药素-3,5-二己糖苷首次在蔓越莓中被鉴定出。     

黑果腺肋花楸中花青苷类化合物的超高效液相色谱-飞行时间-串联质谱分析鉴定

利用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间-串联质谱(UPLC-TOF-MS/MS)技术建立了黑果腺肋花楸花青苷类化合物分析方法。黑果腺肋花楸果实采用酸化甲醇(0.1%盐酸,v/v)提取,经UPLC BEH C18反相色谱柱分离,乙腈-水(均含0.1%甲酸,v/v)流动相系统梯度洗脱;在正离子模式下,采用飞行时间质谱全扫描-信息关联采集-子离子扫描(TOF-MS scan-IDA-Product ion scan)复合模式进行分析测定,一次进样分析可同时获得花青苷高分辨、高准确质量数的一级和二级质谱信息,提高花青苷结构鉴定的准确性。最终在黑果腺肋花楸中共鉴定12个花青苷类化合物,其中6种为黑果腺肋花楸果实中尚未报道的花青苷类化合物。研究为黑果腺肋花楸花青苷的生物活性研究及相关产品开发提供基础数据,所建立的方法适用于植物样品花青苷类化合物的分析。     

Measurement of anthocyanins and other phytochemicals in purple wheat

The major anthocyanin composition of normal purple wheat and heat stressed purple wheat were measured using HPLC, LC–MS/MS and the pH differential method. The lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) and melatonin content were also measured. Total anthocyanin profile of normal purple wheat (491.3 mg/kg) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of the heat stressed purple wheat (522.7 mg/kg). Thirteen major anthocyanins were isolated and cyanidin 3-glucoside was the predominant anthocyanin in purple wheat. Using the pH differential method, the total anthocyanin content of normal (500.6 mg/kg) and heat stressed (526.0 mg/kg) purple wheat were similar to those observed using HPLC. The SDG content of normal and heat stressed purple wheat were 770 and 520 μg/kg, while melatonin content was 4 and 2 μg/kg, respectively. The presence of SDG and melatonin in addition to anthocyanins may contribute to the health benefits associated with consumption of coloured cereal grains.     

Anthocyanin Determination in Black Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) and Biological Specimens Using Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry

ABSTRACT: The capabilities of mass spectrometry for microscale determination of anthocyanins were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/ MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS). Four anthocyanins [cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-sambubioside, cyanidin 3–(2^G−xylosylrutinoside) and cyanidin 3-rutinoside] were characterized in black raspberry samples by LC-ESI/MS-MS using both positive and negative ion analyses. Quantification of anthocyanins was conducted using ESI/MS-MS with selected reaction monitoring (SRM). Linear responses of several anthocyanins were determined during MS-MS analyses. Detection limits as low as 1 femtomol for most anthocyanins were obtained during ESI/MS-MS. Compared with other quantitative procedures such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometry, the current method provides an improved sensitive, specific technique for direct determination of intact anthocyanins. The developed methodology was successfully applied to analysis of trace levels of anthocyanins in human plasma and epithelial cells.     

野生黑枸杞果实中酚类物质的组成分析

以产自宁夏的野生黑枸杞鲜果为实验材料,采用高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱联用仪对黑枸杞果实中的酚类物质组成进行定性、定量分析。结果显示,黑枸杞果实富含酚类物质,共鉴定到花色苷类物质20 种,非花色苷酚类物质16 种。其中,最主要的花色苷为甲基花翠素-3,5-O-双葡萄糖苷和一些6-O-香豆酰化衍生的3-O-单糖苷花色苷,而最主要的非花色苷酚类物质为绿原酸等一系列羟基肉桂酸,与葡萄、蓝莓等富含酚类物质的深色水果有极大不同,具有典型的种属特异性。本研究将为黑枸杞的鲜果消费以及产品开发提供一定的理论基础。     

黑小麦麸皮抗氧化活性成分提取及其抗氧化能力评价

黑小麦麸皮是黑小麦加工过程中的副产物,其富含多种生理活性物质,包括花青素、酚酸类物质、膳食纤维等。以黑小麦麸皮为原料,利用不同溶剂对其抗氧化活性成分进行提取并对其抗氧化能力评价研究。结果表明,75%乙醇提取物干物质得率最高,为10.72%;50%乙醇提取总酚含量最高,为2.9 mg/100 mL;50%乙醇提取物对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）清除力最强,75%乙醇提取物对DPPH抗氧化物提取能力最强;75%丙酮提取物对2,2′-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸（ABTS）清除力最强,75%甲醇提取物对ABTS抗氧化物提取能力最强。综合比较得出,50%乙醇更适于黑小麦麸皮抗氧化活性成分提取。     

Ultrasound‐assisted extraction and characterization of anthocyanins from purple corn bran

Purple corn is abundant in anthocyanins, which has attractive colors and potential applications in beneficial health. This study aimed to determine the optimal ultrasound‐assisted extraction conditions for purple corn anthocyanins (PCA), and to confirm the anthocyanins from purple corn bran extracts by HPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS/MS. Ultrasonic‐assisted extraction (UAE) is more time‐efficient by comparison of traditional extraction. Meanwhile extraction with corn bran could save the consumption of extractant and improve the extraction yield. The optimal UAE conditions were obtained with the extraction time 35 min, the ultrasonic times 90, solid–liquid ratio 1:8, and the ultrasonic power 400 W. At these conditions, total anthocyanins content was determined as 3.625 ± 0.105 g kg^?1, and the extraction yield was 92.45%. The HPLC/MS‐MS results showed that the purple corn bran extracts consisted of six kinds of anthocyanins.

Practical applications

Purple corn is abundant in anthocyanins, which has potential applications in beneficial health, such as antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to find the optimal UAE conditions for purple corn anthocyanins using ultrasound‐assisted extraction and identify the anthocyanins from the purple corn bran. The results of this study are suitable for the industrial production of purple corn anthocyanins.     

Anthocyanin content and antioxidant capacity in bran extracts of some Thai black rice varieties

This study investigated both the anthocyanin content and the antioxidant capacity of a set of genetically related glutinous and nonglutinous Thai black rice varieties. The ethanol/water extracts of the brans of these black rice varieties showed relatively potent antioxidant activities compared with those of tocopherol. These antioxidant activities were determined by thiocyanate, H₂O₂‐scavenging chemiluminescence (XYZ), Cu⁺⁺/bathocuproine colorimetry (PAO) and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical‐scavenging assay. The structural identification and quantification of the black rice anthocyanins performed by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation and tandem mass spectrometry found cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside and peonidin‐3‐O‐glucoside as the major anthocyanins in the ranges of 16.01–34.40 and 2.43–7.36 μg mL^?1, respectively. The comparative study in terms of quantity of these phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity of the black rice bran extracts suggested the contribution of overall phenolic components rather than that of the particular anthocyanin pigments.     

Effect of thermal processing on antioxidant properties of purple wheat bran

Antioxidant activity of purple wheat bran, heat-treated purple wheat bran, and purple wheat bran muffins was evaluated to determine the impact of thermal processing on potential health benefits. The purple wheat bran and muffin samples were analyzed for total phenolic content, anthocyanin content and free radical scavenging activity using peroxyl (oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH assay) radicals. Total phenolic content and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values of sample extracts were significantly affected by various extracting solvents. The conditions selected for heat treatment did not markedly change antioxidant activity of purple wheat bran. However, there was a significant reduction in total phenolic contents, ORAC values and total anthocyanins during processing of purple wheat bran- or heat-treated purple wheat bran-enriched muffins. On the contrary, muffin extracts still remained excellent in DPPH radical scavenging activity.     

青稞麸皮营养成分及提取物抗氧化活性研究

为提高青稞麸皮的综合利用和附加值,以白青稞麸皮和黑青稞麸皮为研究对象,检测了青稞麸皮中各营养素含量及提取物抗氧化活性。结果表明,两种麸皮主要成分为淀粉、蛋白质、粗纤维,并且粗蛋白、粗纤维、灰分含量高于青稞全谷物,其中Mg、P、Ca含量较高,氨基酸种类丰富,总多酚分别为6.30,9.05mg/g,黑青稞麸皮中花青素含量为7.0mg/g,总多酚和花青素均高于青稞全谷物。DPPH自由基清除能力和ABTS自由基清除能力随着麸皮样品浓度的增加而增强。此外,黑青稞麸皮中花青素和总多酚含量均显著高于白青稞麸皮,而其它营养组分较接近。因此,黑青稞麸皮可作为潜在的深加工原料应用于功能性食品或作为营养强化剂添加到食品中以提升其加工附加值。     

黑小麦麸皮中多酚类物质的纯化工艺优化及成分分析

为使黑小麦麸皮在全谷物功能性食品的研发中得到充分利用，对基于超声辅助法提取后的黑小麦麸皮中的多酚粗提物进行纯化，优化了大孔树脂纯化工艺，采用液相色谱与质谱联用（LC-MS）技术，对纯化后的麸皮多酚组成做了初步分析。结果显示：当样品溶液浓度为1.20 mg/mL、洗脱溶剂浓度为60%、进样流速为1.50 mL/min、洗脱速度为1.50 mL/min时，纯化效果较佳。纯化前后的黑小麦麸皮多酚纯度分别为2.60%±0.28%和14.27%±0.13%，纯化后多酚纯度约为纯化前的5.48倍。推测出纯化后的黑小麦麸皮多酚提取物中可能含有的九种多酚类物质。综上所述，大孔树脂纯化工艺有效地纯化了黑小麦麸皮多酚粗提物，一定程度上保持了多酚类物质的多样性。