泌尿生殖道沙眼衣原体临床株体外药物敏感性检测及分析

目的:检测江门地区泌尿生殖道沙眼衣原体临床分离株对强力霉素、四环素和左氧氟沙星等8种临床常用抗生素的体外药物敏感性。方法:McCoy细胞培养法分离沙眼衣原体临床株,测定8种抗生素对沙眼衣原体的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果:共培养出沙眼衣原体阳性株100株,经传代培养至感染率达90%以上符合药敏试验所需菌量的菌株有73株;MIC值范围分别为强力霉素0.016~0.125μg/ml、四环素0.039~0.625μg/ml、阿奇霉素0.032~1μg/ml、交沙霉素0.005~0.16μg/ml、红霉素0.125~2μg/ml、克拉霉素0.004~0.064μg/ml、左氧氟沙星0.063~1.0μg/ml和司帕沙星0.032~0.256μg/ml。结论:克拉霉素及阿奇霉素有较强的抗菌活性,强力霉素次之,红霉素和左氧氟沙星的抗菌活性则较低。     

国产盐酸加替沙星对临床常见致病菌的体外抗菌活性研究

目的评价国产盐酸加替沙星 (gatifloxacin)与司帕沙星 (sparfloxacin)对临床分离株的体外抗菌活性。方法采用琼脂稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度 (minimuminhibitoryconcentration ,MIC)。结果盐酸加替沙星对肺炎克雷伯菌、沙雷菌、不动杆菌、变形杆菌和产气肠杆菌有良好的抗菌活性 ,MIC50 均≤ 0 .0 91 2 μg/ml;其它敏感细菌依次分别为金黄色葡萄球菌 (MIC50 0 .1 4 9μg/ml)、表皮葡萄球菌 (MIC50 0 .8μg/ml)、铜绿假单胞菌 (MIC50 1 .4 5 2 μg/ml)、阴沟肠杆菌 (MIC50 1 .796 μg/ml)、粪肠球菌 (MIC50 6 .4 μg/ml)、大肠杆菌 (MIC50 1 5 .0 4 6 μg/ml)和枸橼酸杆菌(MIC50 2 9.788μg/ml)。盐酸加替沙星对所试菌株的抑菌作用均相当或高于阳性对照药司帕沙星 ,其中对大肠杆菌高 6倍 ,对表皮葡萄球菌高 3.4倍 ,对肺炎杆菌、变形杆菌和不动杆菌高 1倍。结论盐酸加替沙星对所试菌株有着较高的抗菌活性 ,为广谱抗菌药 ,在体外的抗菌作用优于或相当于司帕沙星 ,尤其是对大肠杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、肺炎杆菌、变形杆菌和不动杆菌明显优于司帕沙星     

普卢利沙星片治疗急性细菌性感染临床研究

目的评价国产普卢利沙星片治疗呼吸道感染和泌尿道感染的临床疗效和安全性。方法试验药为国产普卢利沙星片,对照药为左氧氟沙星片,给药方法均为每天2次口服,200mg/次,疗程5～12d。结果两组的临床疗效间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),试验组和对照组的临床有效率分别为95.65%和90.91%。试验组细菌清除率为95.00%(19/20),对照组为88.89%(16/18)。试验组和对照组不良反应发生率分别为12.50%(3/24)和4.35%(1/23),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论国产普卢利沙星治疗呼吸道感染和泌尿道感染安全、有效。     

产超广谱酶大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢替坦等抗菌药物的耐药性研究

目的初步探讨头孢替坦等8种临床常用抗菌药物对产超广谱酶（ESBLs）的大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌的体外抗菌活性,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法四川大学华西医院抗感染药物研究室分离自临床感染患者的120株经双纸片法确证为产ESBLs大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌,采用琼脂二倍稀释法进行8种临床常用抗菌药物体外抗菌活性试验。结果亚胺培南等碳青霉烯类抗生素对产ESBLs抗菌作用有较强的抗菌活性,大肠埃希菌的MIC50为〈0．03μg／ml,MIC90为0．06μg／ml,肺炎克雷伯菌的MIC50为〈0．03μg/ml,MIC9。为O．06μg/ml;头孢替坦对大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌也有很好的抗菌活性,MIC50分别为0．06和0．06μg/ml,MIC90分别为1和2μg／ml。结论头抱替坦对临床常见产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌具有良好的抗菌活性。     

法罗培南对临床分离194株致病菌的体外抗菌活性研究

目的：研究法罗培南的体外抗菌活性。方法：采用琼脂平板稀释法,测定法罗培南与头孢哌酮／舒巴坦、头孢噻肟对194株临床分离菌株的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）,并统计MIC50。MIC90及敏感率。结果：法罗培南对所有194株细菌,MIC50≤1μg／ml,MIC90≤4μg／ml,敏感率均在90％以上。对产β-内酰胺酶的大肠埃希氏菌和肺炎克雷伯氏菌,法罗培南的MIC90与头孢哌酮／舒巴坦的MIC90相近,是头孢噻肟的MIC90的1／32;对变形杆菌、卡他莫拉菌和肺炎链球菌,三者MIC90相近;对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和粪肠球菌,法罗培南的MIC90明显低于头孢哌酮／舒巴坦或头孢噻肟的MIC90。结论：法罗培南对临床分离致病菌具有较强的抗菌活性,对产酶株也同样具有较高的抗菌活性。法罗培南有望成为国内临床上推广使用的抗生素。     

多粘菌素B等对多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌的体外抗菌活性研究

目的测定多粘菌素B等抗菌药物对铜绿假单胞菌的体外抗菌活性,为临床治疗药物选择提供实验室依据。方法对127株临床分离的多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌,采用琼脂对倍稀释法测定多粘菌素B、米诺环素等12种抗菌药物的MIC值。结果亚胺培南对多重耐药的铜绿假单胞菌有较强的抗菌活性,MIC50为2μg/ml,MIC90为16μg/ml,多粘菌素与米诺环素也有很好的抗菌活性,MIC50分别为0.5μg/ml与2μg/ml,MIC90分别为4μg/ml与8μg/ml。结论碳青霉烯类、多粘菌素B及米诺环素对临床常见多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌具有良好的抗菌活性。     

8种氟喹诺酮药物体外抗淋球菌的活性研究

目的　为了解淋球菌对氟喹诺酮的耐药状况 ,指导临床合理用药及开发新一代氟喹诺酮药物提供实验依据。方法　临床标本分离的 80株淋病流行株 ,采用琼脂稀释法测定淋球菌对 8种氟喹诺酮药物的最小抑菌浓度 (MIC)及交叉耐药情况。结果　Y98- 11、Y98- 35、Y98- 36、Y98- 48对淋球菌均有很强活性 ,其MIC50均为 0 .0 16μg/ml,MIC90 均为 0 .0 62 5～ 0 .12 5μg/ml。而盐酸环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、司帕沙星存在不同程度耐药 ,其MIC50 分别为 1μg/ml、1μg/ml、0 .5μg/ml、0 .2 5μg/ml,其MIC90 分别为 4 μg/ml、4 μg/ml、2μg/ml、1μg/ml;且耐环丙沙星的淋球菌株 ,对氧氟沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、司帕沙星有显著性交叉耐药 ( χ2 =18.37、8.60、6.92 ,P <0 .0 5)。结论　近年来 ,对氟喹诺酮敏感性下降或耐药的淋球菌在我国已出现 ,并存在交叉耐药 ,应引起人们的高度重视 ,但新一代的氟喹诺酮药物仍具有较好的抗菌效果     

肺感方对肺部多重耐药菌体外抑菌作用的研究

[目的]通过体外抑菌实验,评价肺感方单用或联用抗生素对临床分离的肺部多重耐药菌的抑制作用。[方法]用二倍稀释法分别测定肺感方、头孢哌酮舒巴坦钠、左氧氟沙星、哌拉西林他唑巴坦钠对标准金葡菌、临床耐药金黄色葡萄球菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC);用微量棋盘稀释法检测肺感方分别与3种抗生素联用后对上述6种菌株的MIC。[结果]肺感方对这6种菌株均有较强的抗菌作用,MIC值为0.0195~0.156 g/ml,MBC值为0.156~0.3125 g/ml;肺感方联合头孢哌酮舒巴坦钠、左氧氟沙星对标准金黄色葡萄球菌和临床耐药金黄色葡萄球菌均表现为协同作用;联合左氧氟沙星对抗鲍曼不动杆菌为协同作用,联合头孢哌酮舒巴坦钠对抗鲍曼不动杆菌为相加作用,联合左氧氟沙星对抗铜绿假单胞菌为相加作用。[结论]肺感方对临床分离的6种耐药菌株有较强的抗菌作用,其联合抗生素对耐药菌有选择性协同或相加作用,并可明显降低抗生素的抑菌浓度。     

青海省青南地区鼠疫疫源地鼠疫菌最低抑菌浓度的测定

目的通过测定青海省青南地区104株鼠疫菌对12种抗菌药物的最低抑菌浓度,确定青南地区鼠疫菌对这些药物的敏感性和50%最低抑菌浓度(50%minimun inhibitory concentration, MIC50)及90%最低抑菌浓度(90%minimun inhibitory concentration, MIC90),掌握常用抗生素对青南地区鼠疫菌的抑菌范围。方法根据美国临床和实验室标准协会(CLSI)药敏试验方法中的琼脂稀释法,测定氧氟沙星、硫酸卡那霉素、环丙沙星、复方新诺明(甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑)、硫酸链霉素、头孢曲松钠、盐酸壮观霉素、氨苄青霉素钠、氯霉素、头孢呋辛钠、盐酸四环素、莫西沙星共12种抗生素对104株鼠疫菌的最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC)。结果在104株鼠疫菌中未发现对氧氟沙星、硫酸卡那霉素、环丙沙星、复方新诺明(甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑)、硫酸链霉素、头孢曲松钠、盐酸壮观霉素、氨苄青霉素钠、氯霉素、头孢呋辛钠、盐酸四环素、莫西沙星具有单个或多个抗菌药物抗性的鼠疫菌株。12种抗菌药物就对鼠疫菌的体外抑菌活性来说,头孢曲松钠、复方新诺明、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星对所检测鼠疫菌株有较好的抑菌活性(MIC90≤0.125μg/ml),其次为莫西沙星、氨苄青霉素、头孢呋辛钠、卡那霉素、氯霉素、链霉素和四环素(0.5μg/ml≤MIC90≤4μg/ml),壮观霉素抑菌活性(MIC90≥16μg/ml)较差。结论青海省青南地区分离的104株鼠疫菌对以上抗菌药物不具有耐药性,通过监测该地区鼠疫菌株的耐药性可及时发现鼠疫耐药菌株,为临床治疗提供指导性数据。     

甲磺酸帕珠沙星治疗急性细菌性感染的随机对照多中心临床研究

目的评价国产甲磺酸帕珠沙星注射液治疗急性细菌性感染的临床疗效与安全性。方法采用单盲、平行、随机对照、多中心试验设计,本研究共纳入250例急性呼吸道和泌尿道中重度细菌性感染患者,帕珠沙星组和左氧氟沙星组(对照组)分别为123例和127例,帕珠沙星每次静滴300mg,左氧氟沙星每次静滴200mg,两药均每日用药2次,疗程7～10d。结果实验中患者共退出13例,进行PPS分析帕珠沙星组115例,左氧氟沙星组122例。帕珠沙星组的细菌培养阳性率为72.17%,较左氧氟沙星组56.56%高(P=0.0147)。疗程结束时帕珠沙星组与左氧氟沙星组的总痊愈率和总有效率分别为61.74%与59.84%和87.83%与88.52%,治疗呼吸系统感染的痊愈率和有效率分别为51.72%与52.38%和82.76%与93.65%,治疗泌尿系统感染的痊愈率和有效率分别为71.93%与67.80%和92.98%与83.05%,细菌阴转率和清除率均分别为95.18%与95.65%,不良反应发生率分别为20.33%和19.69%,以上结果两组比较差异均无统计学意义。两药的不良反应均主要表现为恶心、腹泻、头晕、失眠、局部刺激及血清转氨酶增高等。MIC结果显示帕珠沙星对大多数临床常见革兰阳性、革兰阴性菌均表现出良好的抗菌活性,但对肺炎链球菌、肠球菌和部分假单胞菌属及耐药大肠埃希菌的抗菌活性较差。结论国产甲磺酸帕珠沙星注射液抗菌谱广、抗菌活性强,与左氧氟沙星注射液疗效相当,安全性较好,适于作为中度及中偏重度急性细菌性感染的治疗用药。     

Gastrointestinal tract

Determination of the postoperative effect on intestinal structure and myoelectric motility in rabbits： modified uncut jejunal loop versus Roux-en-Y biliodigestive anastomosis; Caudal-related homeobox 2 gene expression and its effects on human gastric carinoma cell line; Expression change of apoptosis-associated genes after hyperthermia, chemotherapy and radiotherapy in human colon cancer-transplanted nude mice; Effect of a selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on cell growth in hmnan colorectal cancer Lovo cell line; Diagnosis on the preoperative staging of rectal cancer by magnetic resonance imaging with water-bag in recturn……     

Gastrointestinal tract

The effects of enteral nutrition vs parenteral nutrition on gastric motility and gastroenteric hormones after subtotal gastrectomy： a perspective randomized compared clinical trial , Reconstruction with free jejunal interposition for defect after tumor resection of hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal cancer     

Gastrointestinal tract

Comparative study of colostomy in the laparoscopic-assisted abdominoperineal resection; A modified method of laparoseopic side-to-side esophagojejunal anastomosis after laparoscopic total gastrectomy： a report of 12 cases     

Gastrointestinal tract

<正>209328 Fast track surgery in elective operation for colorectal carcinoma/Yang Dongjie(杨东杰,Dept Gastrointest Pancreas Surg,1st Affil Hosp,Sun Yat-sen Univ,Guangzhou 510080)…∥Chin J Gen Surg.-2009,24(6).-477～479Objective To investigate the clinical application of fast track surgery in patients undergoing elective colorectal carcinoma surgery.Methods Seventy patients with colorectal carcinoma requiring colorectal resection were randomized into two groups:fast-track group(35 cases) and conventional care group(35 cases).Results Sixty-two patients finished the study,32 cases in fast-track group and 30 cases in conventional care group.The median and average time to the first passage of flatus(2±1 vs.4±2,P<0.01),the first passage of stool (3.8±1.6 vs. 6.4±2.5,P=0.000 7),resumption of normal diet[(4±2)vs.(8.2±2.2),P<0.01]and the length of postoperative stay (6±1 days vs. 11.7±3.8 days,P<0.01)were much shorter in the fast-track group than in the conventional care group.The preoperative incidence of thirst (2/32 vs.23/30,P<0.01),hunger (5/32 vs.20/30,P<0.01) and postoperative infectious complications (2/32 vs.8/30,P=0.04)were much lower in the fast-track group than in the conventional care group.Conclusion Fast track surgery in patients undergoing elective colorectal resetion was safe and effective.12 refs,1 tab.     

Gastrointestinal tract

207567 A modified method of laparoscoopic side-to- side esophagojejunal anastomosis after laparoscopic total gastrectomy :a report of 12 cases/ Wang Ziqing(王自强, Dept Gener Surg Center Microinvasive Gastrointest Surg, Southwest Hosp,3rd Mil Med Univ,Chongqing 400038) …∥Chin J Gastrointest Surg.-2007 ,10(4) .-323 ~ Objective To explore the method of ali mentary re- construction after laparoscopic total gastectomy.Methods The clinical data of 12 patients undergonelapaaroscopic total …     

Gastrointestinal tract

<正>209172 Evaluation of the primary lesion detection in colorectal carcinoma with 18F-FDG PET-CT/Song Jianhua(Dept Nuclear Med,Shanghai 1st Peop Hosp,Shanghai Jiaotong Univ,Shanghai 200080)…∥Chin J Gastrointest Surg.-2009,2(2).-174~177Objective To explore the clinical value of detecting primary lesions of colorectal carcinoma with 18F-FDG PET-CT.Methods Clinical data of 23 cases of colorectal carcinoma collected from April 2007 to June 2008,including PET-CT,endoscopy,operation and pathology,were analyzed retrospectively.Results Of the 23 colorectal cancer patients,including 15 males and 8 females,11 received abdominal CT contrast examination,7 abdominal CT general examination and 5 chest CT examination.The lesions located in caecum in 5 cases,ascending colon 4 cases,transverse colon 2 cases,desending colon 2 cases,sigmoid colon 4 cases,rectum 6 cases.CT images showed local mass,incrassation and nodes in colon.PET images revealed intensely hypermetabolic lesions.The maximum of standard uptake value(SUVmax) was 11.7±9.5,and the delay SUVmax was 14.8±11.0.The bigger was the mass,the higher was the SUV.The highest SUV was 44.8.Metastatic lesions were found in 15 cases.More cases and more metastatic lesions were found by 18F-FDG PET-CT.Conclusion The primary and metastatic lesions of colorectal carcinoma can be deteted sensitively and exactly by 18F-FDG PET-CT,which is helpful in tumor staging and making the treatment plan.11 refs,3 figs.     

Gastrointestional tract

Clincopathologic characteristics and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer eomplicated by peritoneal dissemination,^18F-FDG hpET/CT in the diagnosis of recurrent and metastatic colorectal cancer,The diagnosis and management of familial invenlle polyposis     

Gastrointestinal tract

Study on the mechanism of DDP-resistance mediated by phosphate JNK in gastric cancer;Protein expression and clinical significance of cyclooxygenase 2 and nuclear factor kappa B in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma;Prognostic value of cyclin E and its relation to blood vessel invasion in rectal cancer;Effect and mechanism of ghrelin and its synthetic peptide growth hormone releasing peptide 6 on gastrie motor in mice;Cost-effectiveness analysis of different chemotherapeutical regimens in metastatic colorectal     

Gastrointestinal tract

<正>210386 Effects of gastric bypass on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in diabetic rats/Li Zhen(李桢,Inst Clinic Anat,Southern Med Univ,Guangzhou 510515)…Chin J Exp Surg.-2010,15(8).-771～773