研究型大学与创新--我国创建世界一流大学的思考

知识经济时代 ,研究型大学的社会中心地位将更加突出。教育创新既是时代对研究型大学的呼唤 ,也是研究型大学自身生存与发展的内在要求。我国研究型大学的教育创新既要借鉴世界一流大学的办学经验 ,也要明确现阶段教育创新的着力点。     

Modification of the SOI-like structures by annealing under high hydrostatic pressure

The effect of enhanced hydrostatic pressure during annealing (HP-HT treatment) on creation/transformation of SiO₂ in silicon implanted with oxygen (Si:O, oxygen doses 1×10¹⁴–1×10¹⁶ cm⁻²) was studied by infrared absorption, photoluminescence and X-ray (synchrotron) methods. The redistribution of oxygen atoms at HP-HT in the Si:O structures, prepared by implantation with low doses (down to 1×10¹⁴ cm⁻²) of oxygen ions, leads to generation of separated clusters having the structure of a SiO_2−x network. Enhanced HP stimulates the creation of these clusters. A qualitative explanation of presented results, stressing the role of vacancies in the process of oxygen atoms agglomeration and the influence of compressive stress on the concentration of vacancies, is proposed.     

Effect of the structure of babbit B83 on the intensity of wear of tribocouplings

The effects of thermal deformation treatment and of modification of the friction surface by composite coatings on the wear resistance of B83 babbit antifriction alloy used in highly loaded friction couplings is studied. It is shown that the creation of a fine-grained structure uniformly saturated with fine dispersed inclusions decreases considerably the wear intensity. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 2, pp. 44–46, February, 2006.     

Structure and properties of alloys of the Ni-Cr-Mo system

In the early 1960s the USSR turned to the development of large chemistry. Intensification of existing technological processes and development of new ones with higher temperatures and pressures and more aggressive media required the creation of corrosion-resistant and reliable alloys based on nickel to be used in chemical equipment. At that time the principles of alloying alloys for such composite operating conditions and production technologies had not been formed. This determined the development of scientifically substantiated alloying principles and the creation, on their basis, of corrosion-resistant deformable weldable nickel alloys of different alloying systems (Ni - Mo, Ni - Cr - Mo) with the requisite set of operating and technological properties. Research in this direction led by the author at the Bardin Central Research Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy (TsNIIChERMET) solved the problem.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 30 – 34, July, 1995.     

The Deuterium attack of titanium electrodes under electric discharge conditions

Electrochemical and electrophysical investigations methods of TiD₂, LiD(_v)-LiD(_m)-Me systems with subsequent structure and metallographic testing of the titanium electrodes were carried out. Electrophysical properties of a system depend upon metallic (liquid) cathode emission properties. TiD₂ content was shown to be higher in Ti anodes with significant surface changes (nondeep cracks creation) after testing and Ti-cathodes show deep cracks. The maximal hardened material was observed at the crack creation zone.     

Effect of nitrogen on the susceptibility of austenitic Cr-Ni-Mn steels to delayed fracture under the action of stresses and hydrogen

The creation of austenitic steels with a supraequilibrium nitrogen concentration increases their strength substantially. However, their plasticity and fracture toughness can lie decreased. In particular, such steels can be susceptible to delayed fracture characteristic for high-strength steels with a martensite or bainite structure. It is of interest to investigate the susceptibility of austenitic Cr-Ni-Mn steels with different concentrations of nitrogen to delayed fracture under the action of stresses, corrosive media, and hydrogen.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 3, pp. 24 – 25, March, 1996.     

Cavity growth and rupture of β-treated zirconium: A crystallographic model

This study aims to understand the damage mechanisms observed in β-treated zirconium. Damage voids are characterized by a tubular morphology with hexagonal cross-section; their growth kinetics is determined experimentally. From these observations, a model based on the principle of creation of free surface by crystallographic slip permits one to explain the stability of the hexagonal shape and to predict a growth rate closer to the experimental value than traditional models. This improvement is due to the sensitivity of the free surface creation mechanism to the stress concentration factor k, which can not be accounted for in models based on continuum mechanics.     

Modeling the characteristics of multi-technology platforms

Multi-technology platforms are an emerging and promising production technology. However, until now the conditions are unclear under which value creation with multi-technology platforms can be carried out more efficiently than with a system of stand-alone machines. This paper derives characteristic thresholds mathematically that describe points of equal advantageousness of both alternatives in terms of lot size and number of processes required to machine the workpiece. It is found that the progression of the characteristic thresholds is describable by three characteristic figures χ, ρ and ω. The findings emphasize the necessity of a significant reduction of processing times on multi-technology platforms.     

模具CAPP系统开发的关键技术研究

根据模具加工工艺的特点 ,设计了模具CAPP系统总体结构、系统功能模块和系统流程 ,提出了一种适应模具加工特点的、集检索式与基于特征推理方式为一体的混合式工艺生成方式。对数据管理、工艺检索技术、基于特征的工艺实例检索和工艺创成、工序排序、图形集成、查询优化等关键技术进行了研究 ,并在CFM_CAPP系统中加以实现     

About the history of creation of the method of physicochemical phase analysis

Historical aspect of the creation and development of the method of physicochemical phase analysis of aircraft alloys with various metallic matrices in the laboratory of metal physics of VIAM headed by Academician S. T. Kishkin is considered. The special role of the method in the investigation of phase transformations in steels and refractory nickel alloys used for GTE blades and disks is emphasized. Main achievements in the chemistry of nickel alloys made with the help of the method are presented and the applicability of the method for choosing alloying systems and studying causes of repudiation of ready products and early failure of articles is shown. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 8, pp. 19–21, August, 2006.     

论"中国大学评价"的科学性、合理性及公正性

“中国大学评价”能成为目前中国大陆影响最大、声誉较好、具有权威的大学排名,是因为“中国大学评价”的研究人员,在长达10年的评价实践中建立了“不同学科的研究人员平均具有相同创新能力”的科学假设;确立了以各大学对社会的贡献作为排名的唯一衡量标准;评价指标全部使用源生数据。这不仅是一种创新,而且使“中国大学评价”具有科学性、合理性、公正性。     

The Corrosion Effects on the Structural Integrity of Reinforcing Steel

An experimental study conducted on 12 mm diameter, artificially corroded BSt500_s steel rebars, showed that the mass loss, the fatigue limit, and the life expectancy were reduced according to the level of corrosion. Rebar corrosion has a great impact on the mass loss, mechanical properties, low cycle fatigue (LCF) and there is strong indication that embrittlement takes place. The extended salt-spray exposure enhanced the damage and promoted extended creation of pits and perforations suggesting progressive embrittlement and reduction of the available energy, justified by the SEM micrograph results. The low cycle strain-controlled fatigue testing under ±1, ±2.5, and ±4% constant amplitude strain indicated that the corroded steel bars exhibit gradual reduction in available energy, number of cycles to failure, and load bearing ability. For the ±1% strain level the fatigue limit was reduced considerably as the level of corrosion increased due to mass loss and reduction of the exterior martensitic layer. In addition, a drastic drop in the energy density of the specimens was observed with creation of stress concentration points. At ±2.5% and ±4% strain levels, the fatigue limit was reduced dramatically mainly due to accumulated damage from plastic deformation and minimally due to corrosion. Anti-seismic design that ignores the influence of corrosion and cumulative damage due to plastic deformation, and the mechanical behavior of reinforcing steel during severe ground motion, could lead to unpredictable performance.     

基于Pro／E的风扇叶片分型面的设计

依据风扇叶片的结构特点和分型面的选择原则,详细讲解了在Pro／E作系统里顺利创建风扇叶片分型面的过程;合理地利用了Pro／E操作系统里曲面复制、曲面延伸、曲面填充、曲面合并等命令,并且重点讲解了Pro／E操作系统里“实体化”特征在分割模芯时的应用。     

Isotropic Alloys of the Sm – Co System for Ring Magnets with Radial Magnetization

Metal Science and Heat Treatment - Methodology of creation of ring permanent magnets with radial magnetization from an isotropic alloy of the Sm – Co system with induction coercivity no lower...     

Sensitive thermosensors on the basis of highly compensated silicon

The results of studies and working out and creation of a thermosensor on the basis of highly compensated silicon doped with Mn and S are presented in this work. It is stated that the thermosensitivity and the stability of the parameters of the worked out thermosensor are higher than those of the existing sensitive thermosensor. It is stated that the thermosensor on the basis of highly compensated silicon doped with manganese Si〈B,Mn〉 more effectively functions in the region of temperaturesT= 100–400 K, and the thermosensor on the basis of Si〈B,S〉 can be successfully used in the region of more high temperaturesT= 200–450°C.     

The influence of deformation heat treatment on the structure and wear resistance of cuznpb brass

The influence of different deformation heat treatments on structure and wear resistance under dry sliding was studied under sliding velocity of 0.79 m/c, pressure of 0.2 to 1.0 N/mm2, and sliding distance of 1500 m. It was established that the deformation heat treatment led to the creation of a microcrystalline structure (2 to 3 μm) by recrystallization in the alloy. The wear rate of the alloy with the microcrystalline structure was 1.5 to 2.0 times less and 25 to 30 % less than in the β- phase state and the initial state, respectively.     

Effect of Superequilibrium Concentrations of Nitrogen on the Structure and Properties of Steels after Gas Thermobaric Treatment in Compressed Nitrogen

Metal Science and Heat Treatment - The possibility of creation of high-nitrogen steels and alloys with superequilibrium concentrations of nitrogen and principally novel and high properties by the...     

Open production: scientific foundation for co-creative product realization

Globalization and the use of technology call for an adaptation of value creation strategies. As the potential for rationalization and achieving flexibility within companies is to the greatest possible extent exhausted, approaches to the corporate reorganization of value creation are becoming increasingly important. In this process, the spread and further development of information and communication technology often provide the basis for a reorganization of cross-company value nets and lead to a redistribution of roles and tasks between the actors involved in value creation. While cooperative, decentralized and self-organizing value creation processes are in fact being promoted, the associated potential for development and production engineering is being underestimated and hence not implemented sufficiently. This contribution will introduce a value creation taxonomy and then, using its notion and structure, describe the emerging transformations in value creation on the basis of case studies. Finally an adequate framework for analysing and configuring value creation will be presented.     

The limits of the Pourbaix diagram in the interpretation of the kinetics of corrosion and cathodic protection of underground pipelines

This article deals with the basics of corrosion and corrosion protection, with the focus on equilibrium thermodynamics. Particular attention is paid to the easy-to-understand creation of Pourbaix diagrams, their uses, and limitations of this tool. In addition, the basics of electrochemical kinetics are dealt with to provide an overview of the possibilities and the interaction of both methods. Finally, it is argued that the globally recognized and practice-proven protection potential criteria remain valid.     

Study of the effect of heightened temperatures and pressure on the electric strength of polymethylsiloxane liquid PMS-20 and castor oil saturated with nitrogen

The results of the study of the influence of heightened temperatures and pressure on the electric strength of polymethylsiloxane liquid PMS-20 and castor oil saturated with nitrogen are presented in this paper. It is possible to apply the data at creation of electrotechnical devices, in particular, high-voltage pulse capacitors.