改进鲸鱼算法在多目标水资源优化配置中的应用

为了使鲸鱼优化算法(WOA)能更好地解决复杂多目标水资源优化配置问题,首先采用Logistic映射进行种群位置初始化,提高初始化种群位置的质量,并加入惯性权重增强局部搜索能力,从而实现对WOA的改进;其次,将改进后的鲸鱼算法(AWOA)应用于以经济效益和社会效益最大(缺水量最小)为目标的邯郸市水资源优化配置模型;最后,以求解所得Pareto前沿中缺水量最小为特殊偏好,将AWOA与WOA和粒子群算法(PSO)从迭代过程和求解结果上进行了对比分析。从迭代过程来看,AWOA比PSO和WOA能够以较快的速度收敛,WOA收敛速度最慢;从求解结果分析,由AWOA所得经济效益和社会效益均优于由WOA和PSO所得结果。因此,AWOA在收敛速度和收敛精度上均得到了较大幅度的提升,其应用于多目标水资源优化配置求解是可行和有效的。     

基于WCA-MEPP模型的云南省水资源利用效率动态评价

以云南省2006-2015年及2020年水资源利用效率评价为例,从综合、工业、农业、生活和生态5个方面遴选15个指标构建水资源利用效率评价指标体系和分级标准,基于最大熵投影寻踪(MEPP)技术进行区域水资源利用效率动态评价。采用在指标分级标准阈值间随机生成样本的方法构造MEPP目标函数,利用水循环算法(WCA)优化MEPP最佳投影方向,建立WCA-MEPP水资源利用效率评价模型,并分别构建生物地理优化(BBO)算法、差分进化(DE)算法和粒子群优化(PSO)算法-MEPP水资源利用效率评价模型作对比模型。结果表明:(1)WCA寻优MEPP目标函数获得的最优值、最劣值、平均值和标准差均优于BBO、DE和PSO算法,具有较好的全局极值寻优能力。(2)WCA-MEPP模型对云南省2006-2007年水资源利用效率评价为"较低水平",2008-2015年评价为"中等水平",2020年评价为"较高水平"。2006-2015年间云南省水资源利用效率随时间呈提升趋势,且提升趋势显著。(3)WCA-MEPP模型对云南省水资源利用效率评价结果与BBO-MEPP模型相同,但在排序上存在差异;与DE-MEPP、PSO-MEPP模型在评价结果及排序上均存在差异。     

基于改进PSO-PP模型的区域水资源利用效率评价

针对基本粒子群算法(PSO)早熟收敛、易陷入局部极值以及投影寻踪(PP)模型最佳投影方向难以选取的不足,利用改进的PSO(IPSO)算法优化PP模型最佳投影方向,提出了IPSO-PP水资源利用效率评价模型。从"三生"用水指标中选取15个指标构建区域水资源利用效率评价指标体系,以云南省16个州市水资源利用效率评价为例进行实例研究,并构建PSO-PP模型、差分进化(DE)算法-PP模型及和声搜索(HS)算法-PP模型作对比分析模型。结果表明,IPSO算法优化PP模型获得的适应度值和最佳投影方向均优于PSO、DE和HS算法,具有较好的求解精度和全局极值能力。IPSO-PP模型对实例的评价排序结果与DEPP模型相同,与HS-PP模型评价排序结果略有差异,与PSO-PP模型评价排序结果差异较大,表明智能算法寻优能力的强弱决定了评价精度的高低。模型及实例验证结果可为PP模型优化及其他水资源系统类综合评价提供参考和借鉴。     

基于水资源优化配置的多目标决策模型探析

文章以中国北方某城市为研究对象,通过配额法和趋势外推法预测不同规划年份的用水量和用水量,以及基于多目标决策的水资源配置模型生成和分析建立。在合理的资源分配的基础上,提出了粒子群优化(PSO)算法求解该模型。通过算法创建软件程序,展现城市规划层面的最优水资源配置方法。     

基于WDO-PP模型的区域水资源系统与经济社会生态系统协调度评价

以云南省16个州市为例进行实例研究,提出风力驱动优化(WDO)算法-投影寻踪(PP)水资源系统与经济社会生态系统协调度评价模型,构建布谷鸟搜索(CS)算法、差分进化(DE)算法和粒子群优化(PSO)算法优化的PP模型作对比,进行水资源系统与经济社会生态系统协调度评价。从水资源、经济、社会和生态系统遴选20个指标构建区域水资源系统与经济社会生态系统协调度评价指标体系,并基于指标系列均值及标准差构造"绝对协调"~"极不协调"6个等级的水资源系统与经济社会生态系统协调度评价标准,应用WDO-PP、CS-PP、DE-PP和PSO-PP模型对实例协调度进行评价及分析。结果表明:DWO算法优化PP模型获得的适应度值和最佳投影方向均优于CS、DE和PSO算法,具有较好的求解精度和全局极值能力。WDO-PP模型对昆明、玉溪两市以及怒江、德宏、西双版纳、迪庆4州的水资源系统与经济社会生态系统协调度评价为"协调",其余州市协调度评价为"基本协调"。WDO-PP模型对实例的评价结果与CS-PP、DE-PP模型相同,但在排序上存在差异;与PSO-PP模型的评价结果及排序上均存在差异,表明智能算法极值寻优能力的强弱决定了评价精度的高低。     

基于文化粒子群算法的水库防洪优化调度

针对水库防洪调度具有多约束、高维、非线性和不易求解的特点,在粒子群算法(PSO)的进化机制中引入文化算法(CA),利用文化算法的信仰空间对粒子群的进化进行指导,建立了文化粒子群算法(PSO-CA)。该算法在种群空间中采用PSO算法,在信仰空间中利用从种群空间中提炼出来的群体经验所形成的形势知识对群体的"早熟"现象进行监视,利用规范化知识对粒子加以限定,提高了算法计算效率。实例验证,该算法能较好地克服粒子群算法易陷入局部最优的缺点,并加快其收敛速度,可以有效解决水库防洪调度问题。     

GSA-PP模型在区域水资源承载力评价中的应用

为研究引力搜索算法(GSA)-投影寻踪(PP)模型应用于区域水资源承载力评价中的有效性和可行性。从水资源系统、经济社会系统和水环境系统遴选14个指标构建区域水资源承载力评价指标体系及分级标准,利用GSA算法优化PP模型最佳投影方向,提出GSA-PP水资源承载力评价模型,并构建粒子群优化(PSO)算法、差分进化(DE)算法和布谷鸟搜索(CS)算法优化的PP模型作对比,以文山州8县市水资源承载力评价为例进行实例研究。结果表明:GSA算法连续10次优化PP模型获得的适应度值均为1147.9363,均优于PSO、DE和HS算法,具有较高的求解精度和稳定性能。GSA-PP模型对麻栗坡县、马关县和文山市的评价结果为"可承载",对其余5县的评价结果为"基本可承载"。GSA-PP模型对实例评价及排序结果与DE-PP模型相同;与PSO-PP、CS-PP模型评价结果相同,但在排序上存在差异。实例验证了智能算法求解精度的高低决定着评价效果的优劣。     

基于粒子群优化算法的灌溉渠道配水优化模型研究

本文对定流量、变历时运行的渠道轮灌优化配化模型进行了改进，应用粒子群优化算法(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)进行了配水渠道流量最优化的0-1整数规划模型求解。PSO算法采用二维数组编码方法，构造了相应的适应度函数，编制相应的计算机求解程序。计算结果表明，本文采用PSO算法的优化配水模型所得出的轮灌组引水持续时间均匀性略优于现有其他方法。     

基于粒子群算法的邯郸市水资源优化配置系统研究

随着经济的发展,邯郸市缺水矛盾日益严重,合理配置有限的水资源显得尤为重要。运用多目标规划理论建立一个多水源联合调度的水资源优化配置模型。该模型以经济、社会和环境的最大综合效益为目标,用粒子群算法求解,得到了邯郸市规划年（2020年）3种不同保证率下的水资源优化配置方案,为邯郸市的水资源规划和管理提供了依据。优化结果表明,粒子群算法在邯郸市水资源优化配置中是切实可行的。     

基于混合PSO算法的梯级水库优化调度研究

提出基于混合粒子群优化（PSO）算法求解流域梯级单目标优化调度问题方法的一般结构，并对三峡梯级的发电和洪水优化调度问题进行了研究。该算法利用离散微分动态规划法（DDDP）算法对粒子群优化算法的gBest粒子进行二次寻优，加快了算法的收敛速度和精度。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Impacts of Microcystis on algal biodiversity and use of new technology to remove Microcystis and dissolved nutrients

Cyanobacteria often dominate eutrophic lakes, outcompeting green algae that are required by fish and zooplankton. This study was undertaken to ascertain the impact of the cyanobacterium, Microcystis, on algal biodiversity. Under laboratory conditions, we found that the presence of Microcystis decreased phyla richness by 58%, phyla evenness by 47%, genera richness by 66% and genera evenness by 51%. Analysis by mixed anova s demonstrated a significant interaction between treatment and time and confirmed a significant reduction in richness and evenness of phyla and genera. We also conducted a phosphate restriction assay on the algae in Mason Lake (Irvine, CA, USA) and found that the threshold needed for algal growth there was 0.02 mg L^?1 PO₄. A pilot study was then conducted to test the effectiveness of the Blue Pro? water treatment facility in removal of this colonial organism from Mason Lake, in addition to removal of dissolved nutrients required for its growth. We measured a 97% reduction in Microcystis cells, a 72% reduction in chlorophyll‐a, and a 96% reduction in phosphate after just one 10 min cycle through the unit. Our study demonstrated that removal of Microcystis colonies may allow green algae to increase in numbers. This may improve algal biodiversity, which will benefit zooplankton and fishes.     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

库水波动下库岸边坡地下水浸润线解析解及误差分析

解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明：库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。     

簸箕李引黄灌区水沙分布及优化调度的经验

灌区利用水沙观测所取得的资料和试验数据，运用水沙运动力学理论，总结分析和揭示了灌区水沙分布的规律和特点。在此基础上，结合灌区的实际运行情况，围绕减少骨干渠道的淤积进行探讨、研究，进而，优化水沙调度方案。该方案实施后，骨干渠道减旅伴效果明显，取得了成功的经验。     

小湾水库大坝防渗面板及其裂缝的加固处理

小湾水库大坝防渗面板整体抗渗性能差,且存在多条裂缝,通过对面板钢丝网喷涂丙乳砂浆加固处理及其裂缝修补,大坝渗漏量明显减少,且左岸上灌浆廊道内及大坝下游坝面92～93 m高程下廊道入口处原有小股射流全部消失.