压电夹层梁的分岔、混沌及主动控制

研究轴向激励作用下简支压电夹层梁的分岔、混沌振动及其主动控制。基于压电材料本构关系、von Karman型几何非线性应变位移关系,考虑耦合正、逆压电效应的比例微分控制策略,运用Hamilton原理建立了压电夹层梁的非线性横向运动偏微分方程并利用Galerkin方法对其进行离散化处理。通过采用数值模拟方法,研究了压电夹层梁的动态分岔。结果表明,通过比例控制增益和微分控制增益都可控制压电夹层梁的横向振动,阻止系统发生混沌运动,保持系统的稳定性。     

基于压控电荷源和小波变换自适应算法的主-被动压电振动控制

针对压电被动振动方法中电路参数环境适应能力差、电路复杂和压电主动振动方法需要较高的输入功率问题,提出了一种基于压控电荷源和小波变换自适应算法的振动主-被动控制策略。首先,针对压电片等效电路的特点,设计了压控电荷源电路,并阐述了主-被控制方法的控制原理;对于压控电荷源的控制电压,引入了小波变换自适应算法,提高了系统的自适应能力。最后,基于dSPACE实时仿真系统,利用模拟电路和压电元件,设计并建立了四边固支的压电合金板的主-被动振动控制实验平台,对提出的方法进行了正弦和白噪声激励下的振动控制实验研究。结果表明,提出的方法能够有效的抑制压电合金板结构由于正弦激励引起的单模态和多模态振动,且能有效抑制白噪声激励引起的随机振动。     

多通道FULMS自适应前馈振动控制算法分析与验证

摘要：柔性结构振动主动控制的核心问题之一是控制策略与方法,针对FXLMS自适应滤波前馈振动控制方法参考信号不易选取问题,给出一种多通道FULMS自适应滤波前馈振动控制方法;首先进行控制器结构的分析与构建,概括描述和推导了多通道FULMS控制算法过程;为验证所分析算法的可行性和优越性,基于MATLAB软件包进行仿真分析,并与FXLMS算法分别进行单通道和多通道控制效果对比,分析结果表明多通道控制优于单通道控制,FULMS算法优于FXLMS算法。在此基础上,以航天器柔性帆板结构为理想模拟对象,构建压电机敏柔性板结构和测控系统进行实际算法控制实验;实验过程与验证结果表明,采用的FULMS控制器设计方法与控制算法是有效可行的,并具有较快的收敛速度和较好的控制效果。     

次级通道在线辨识的齿轮啮合振动主动控制

针对齿轮传动系统中由于啮合误差产生的周期性振动和噪声,构建在从动齿轮轴上附加压电作动器的齿轮主动结构,提出一种次级通道在线辨识的反馈FxLMS算法进行主动控制。应用C-MEX S函数在Simulink中编写了FxLMS算法模块和次级通道进行在线建模的自适应LMS算法模块,仿真算例验证了自建模块的正确性和算法的有效性。将控制算法代码下载到dSPACE中作为控制器,与内置压电作动器的齿轮主动结构组成硬件在环系统进行实验验证。结果表明,在不同啮合频率下,经过主动控制后的齿轮传动系统振动有了不同程度的减弱,在啮合频率基频处有6.9dB的衰减。     

基于模态应变能分布的压电致动器/传感器位置优化遗传算法

本文由线弹性压电结构有限元动力方程,推导了压电智能结构的振动控制方程。建立了准确模拟层合压电结构动力行为的有限元模型。基于主结构模态应变能分布提出了一种新的优化目标函数,将压电致动器/传感器位置编号作为优化变量,建立了离散变量表示的智能结构优化问题,并通过二进制编码的遗传算法（GA）求解了该最优问题。以四边固支复合层合压电智能板为数值算例,采用比例反馈控制, 研究了最优位置配置致动器/传感器智能结构目标模态的控制效果。数值结果表明基于模态应变能分布的遗传算法所得优化解具有较好的振动控制效果。     

基于拓扑优化的压电分流阻尼抑振实验研究

将结构拓扑优化引入压电分流振动抑制中,以压电元件的分布面积为设计变量,压电元件产生的电荷最大化为优化目标,对压电元件的拓扑进行了优化以获得最佳抑振效果。针对悬臂梁结构,得到了对不同的结构模态进行抑制时的压电元件最优拓扑构型。建立了带有压电分流阻尼系统的悬臂梁振动控制实验模型,将压电元件拓扑优化后的压电分流阻尼系统应用于悬臂梁多阶弯曲模态的振动响应抑制实验,并对比分析了带最优拓扑和非优拓扑压电元件的悬臂梁压电分流阻尼抑振效果。结果表明,对压电元件进行拓扑优化可以明显提高压电分流阻尼系统的抑振效果。     

考虑失谐的弱耦合周期天线结构的振动主动控制研究

建立了弱耦合周期天线结构的动力学计算模型,基于该模型研究了结构失谐前后的振动特性;并应用最优控制方法,对该结构失谐前后振动的主动控制进行了研究;数值仿真结果表明：弱耦合周期天线结构参数的小量失谐会导致结构振动模态产生明显的局部化,失谐前后的振幅之比约为30%;在进行此种结构的振动主动控制时必须考虑失谐的影响,否则会导致振动控制系统的失效。     

悬臂Kagome夹心板独立模态空间振动控制研究

针对悬臂板挠度大、低频振动突出问题,对悬臂Kagome夹心板的振动主动控制进行研究。建立结构及压电作动器有限元模型;将独立模态空间控制与模态观测器相结合,提出悬臂Kagome夹心板的主动控制策略;针对突风载荷作用下夹心板基于独立模态空间的振动控制进行仿真,重点研究观测器极点对控制效果影响。结果表明,所提控制方法能显著提高悬臂Kagome夹心板结构的阻尼特性,观测器衰减系数越大控制效果越好;该夹心板在振动控制方面较传统板结构优势明显。     

基于降阶模型的水下结构振动主动控制仿真及实验研究

基于降阶模型对水下结构振动的主动控制进行了仿真及实验研究,并取得了较好的抑制振动的效果。基于结构在可压缩流体加载下的无阻尼实模态矩阵建立了水下结构的降阶模型,由于维数的降低,进而能够设计出相对简化的主动控制系统,减少传感器和作动器的数量。通过线性二次型最优控制和结构主动变刚度控制两种方法对水下结构振动进行了主动控制仿真,均使结构振动有所下降。仿真结果显示线性二次型最优控制能够降低结构振动的峰值,而结构主动变刚度控制能够将结构的固有频率按照需要进行改变。还通过水下平板振动主动控制模型实验,验证了主动控制技术对水下结构的减振效果。     

基于局部应变补偿的加筋板改进滑模振动控制

在加筋板的振动主动控制中,传感片和作动片多采用对位粘贴形式,经实验证明,此方式存在局部应变效应,会导致振动控制效果减弱,甚至控制发散。针对该问题,构建了局部应变补偿方案,设计了基于局部应变补偿的改进幂次趋近律滑模控制算法,并选择加筋板振动作为研究对象,利用NI-CompactRIO 9024平台进行了加筋板振动主动控制实验。实验结果表明,针对加筋板的第一阶模态,基于局部应变补偿的改进幂次趋近律滑模控制算法振动抑制效果达到13.16 dB,相对于未补偿的改进幂次趋近律滑模算法效果的10.59 dB,提升了2.57 dB。     

Optimal design in vibration control of adaptive structures using a simulated annealing algorithm

Advanced reinforced composite structures incorporating piezoelectric sensors and actuators are increasingly becoming important due to the development of smart structures. These structures offer potential benefits in a wide range of engineering applications such as vibration and noise suppression, shape control and precision positioning. This paper presents a finite element formulation based on the classical laminated plate theory for laminated structures with integrated piezoelectric layers or patches, acting as sensors and actuators. The finite element model is a single layer triangular nonconforming plate/shell element with 18 degrees of freedom for the generalized displacements, and one additional electrical potential degree of freedom for each surface bonded piezoelectric element layer or patch. The control is initialized through a previous optimization of the core of the laminated structure, in order to minimize the vibration amplitude and maximize the first natural frequency. Also the optimization of the patches position is performed to maximize the piezoelectric actuators efficiency. The simulated annealing algorithm is used for these purposes. To achieve a mechanism of active control of the structure dynamic response, a feedback control algorithm is used, coupling the sensor and active piezoelectric layers or patches, and to calculate the dynamic response of the laminated structures the Newmark method is considered. The model is applied in the optimization of an illustrative adaptive laminated plate case. The influence of the position and number of piezoelectric patches, as well as the control gain, are investigated and the results are presented and discussed.     

基于增益调度的结构振动分布式反馈控制

使用多传感器和驱动器控制简支板的振动.传感器和驱动器局部连接组成独立的闭环.在仿真中分别采用了点力驱动器和压电陶瓷驱动器.以极小化系统的总动能为目标,使用同步扰动方法对结构振动的分布式反馈增益进行最优调度.仿真结果表明,所提出的方法可以有效地抑制结构振动.     

Optimal solid shell element for large deformable composite structures with piezoelectric layers and active vibration control

In this paper, we present an optimal low‐order accurate piezoelectric solid‐shell element formulation to model active composite shell structures that can undergo large deformation and large overall motion. This element has only displacement and electric degrees of freedom (dofs), with no rotational dofs, and an optimal number of enhancing assumed strain (EAS) parameters to pass the patch tests (both membrane and out‐of‐plane bending). The combination of the present optimal piezoelectric solid‐shell element and the optimal solid‐shell element previously developed allows for efficient and accurate analyses of large deformable composite multilayer shell structures with piezoelectric layers. To make the 3‐D analysis of active composite shells containing discrete piezoelectric sensors and actuators even more efficient, the composite solid‐shell element is further developed here. Based on the mixed Fraeijs de Veubeke–Hu–Washizu (FHW) variational principle, the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane bending behaviours are improved via a new and efficient enhancement of the strain tensor. Shear‐locking and curvature thickness locking are resolved effectively by using the assumed natural strain (ANS) method. We also present an optimal‐control design for vibration suppression of a large deformable structure based on the general finite element approach. The linear‐quadratic regulator control scheme with output feedback is used as a control law on the basis of the state space model of the system. Numerical examples involving static analyses and dynamic analyses of active shell structures having a large range of element aspect ratios are presented. Active vibration control of a composite multilayer shell with distributed piezoelectric sensors and actuators is performed to test the present element and the control design procedure. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Active vibration control of composite plate with optimal placement of piezoelectric patches

The active vibration control of a composite plate using discrete piezoelectric patches has been investigated. Based on first order shear deformation theory, a finite element model with the contributions of piezoelectric sensor and actuator patches to the mass and stiffness of the plate was used to derive the state space equation. A global optimization based on LQR performance is developed to find the optimal location of the piezoelectric patches. Genetic algorithm is adopted and implemented to evaluate the optimal configuration. The piezoelectric actuator provides a damping effect on the composite plate by means of LQR control algorithm. A correlation between the patches number and the closed loop damping coefficient is established.     

Miniaturized acceleration sensors with in-plane polarized piezoelectric thin films produced by micromachining

Miniaturized acceleration sensors employing piezoelectric thin films were fabricated through batch micromachining with silicon and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers. The acceleration sensors comprised multiple suspension beams supporting a central seismic mass. Ferroelectric (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti) O(3) (PLZT) thin films were coated and in-plane polarized on the surfaces of the suspension beams for realizing electromechanical conversion through the piezoelectric effect. Interdigital electrodes were formed on the PLZT films and connected in parallel. Finite element analyses were conducted for the stress and strain distributions, providing guidance to the structural design, including optimizing electrode positioning for collecting the electrical output constructively. Uniformity of the beam thickness and sample consistency were significantly improved by using SOI wafers instead of silicon wafers. The measurement results showed that all the sensor samples had fundamental resonances of symmetric out-of-plane vibration mode at frequencies in the range of 8 to 35 kHz, depending on the sample dimensions. These sensors exhibited stable electrical outputs in response to acceleration input, achieving a high signal-to-noise ratio without any external amplifier or signal conditioning.     

基于布局优化的压电分流阻尼抑振实验研究

建立了带压电分流阻尼系统的四边固支正方形弹性薄板振动控制的实验模型。针对其前五阶模态振动响应的抑制问题,以压电元件存储的电能最大化为优化目标,对采用多个压电元件的压电分流阻尼系统进行了布局优化分析。将压电元件布局优化后的压电分流阻尼系统应用于弹性薄板的多阶模态振动响应的抑制实验,分别研究了不同压电元件数量和布局对抑振效果的影响。在压电分流阻尼抑振实验中,与分流电路开路时相比,电路闭路后弹性薄板的频响函数在对应的模态频率处的幅值分别降低了11.90dB、16.94dB、16.94dB、19.91dB和16.77dB,说明经过布局优化后的压电分流阻尼系统使弹性薄板的前五阶稳态响应都得到了很好的抑制。同时也进行了非优化布局的压电分流阻尼抑振实验,实验结果对比表明,对压电元件进行布局优化可以明显提高压电分流阻尼系统的抑振效果。     

Optimal placement of piezoelectric actuators on plate structures for active vibration control via modified control matrix and singular value decomposition approach using modified heuristic genetic algorithm

The present work deals with the optimal placement of piezoelectric actuators on a thin plate using modified control matrix and singular value decomposition (MCSVD) approach. The MCSVD is considered as the fitness function and optimal positions of the actuators are obtained by maximizing it with MHGA (modified heuristic genetic algorithm). Vibration suppression has been studied for simply supported plate with piezoelectric patches in optimal positions to suppress first specified modes using LQR (linear quadratic regulator) controller. It is observed that the positions of patches obtained with this approach give greater vibration suppression, reduced computational requirements, and provide global optimum solution only.     

基于神经网络的柔性结构振动主动控制研究

提出了采用压电元件作为传感器和驱动器 ,基于神经网络技术的柔性结构主动振动控制方法。阐述了神经网络控制的基本原理 ,导出了控制算法 ,并介绍了控制系统构成 ,最后对柔性梁在正弦和伪随机信号激励下的振动进行了主动控制实验 ,实验结果验证了本文所述方法的有效性     

正位置反馈的多模态振动主动控制实验

采用压电元件作为传感器和驱动器,基于正位置反馈技术对一个钢制挂架结构进行主动振动控制.介绍了正位置反馈控制的基本原理,阐述了其优化算法,并介绍了控制系统构成,最后对钢制挂架在扫频和窄带随机信号激励下的振动进行了主动控制实验,实验结果验证了本文所述方法可以有效地抑制挂架的多模态振动.     

Nondestructive Evaluation on Strain Sensing Capability of Piezoelectric Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring

A kind of strain-sensing-based piezoelectric sensor was fabricated, and the mixture of cement powder and epoxy resin was used as the packaging layer. A nondestructive strain sensitivity testing method based on strain-sensing capability of piezoelectric sensor is presented. The theoretical foundation indicates that output voltage of piezoelectric sensor and strain of structure keep linear relationship when corresponding parameters are ascertained. Quasi-static responses and low-frequency (0–40 Hz) dynamic responses of piezoelectric sensors and strain gauges are analyzed. The results show that the piezoelectric sensors are sensitive and can accurately reflect the strain variation of structures. The quantification of output voltage and strain is investigated, and quasi-static and dynamic sensitivities were acquired (159.52–515.48 mV/με). With increasing of vibration frequency, the area of hysteresis loop decreases, and the strain sensitivity of sensor increases. Combining sensitivities with output voltages of sensors, the strain variation of structures could be obtained, which exhibit great application potentials of piezoelectric sensors for structural strain monitoring in low-frequency vibrations in civil engineering.