自噬在二氮嗪减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的 评价自噬在二氮嗪减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤中的作用.方法 清洁级健康雄性SD大鼠32只,体重220～250 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为4组(n=8):缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、二氮嗪组(D组)、自噬抑制剂渥曼青霉素+二氮嗪组(WD组)和渥曼青霉素组(W组).WD组与W组腹腔注射渥曼青霉素15μg/kg,I/R组与D组给予等容量生理盐水,30 min后处死大鼠,制备Langendorff灌流模型,I/R组和w组灌注K-H液、D组和WD组灌注含二氮嗪100μmol/L的K-H液10 min,随后停灌20 min,再灌注30 min.于灌注二氮嗪前即刻、停灌前即刻、再灌注30 min时记录心率(HR)、左室舒张末期压(LVEDP)、左心室发展压(LVDP),于再灌注30 min时测定心肌组织SOD活性和MDA含量,检测自噬相关蛋白Beclin-1的表达,透射电镜下观察自噬小体形成情况.结果 与I/R组比较,D组LVDP和HR、心肌SOD活性和心肌Beclin-1表达水平升高,LVEDP和心肌MDA含量降低(P＜0.05),WD组和W组心肌Beclin-1表达水平降低(P＜0.05),其余指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与D组比较,WD组和W组LVDP和心肌Beclin-1表达水平降低,MDA含量升高,W组LVEDP升高,心肌SOD活性降低(P＜0.05).D组可见大量自噬小体,WD组与I/R组可见少量自噬小体,W组见极少量自噬小体.结论 自噬参与了二氮嗪减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的过程.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the role of autophagy in attenuation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by diazoxide in the isolated rat heart.Methods Thirty-two male SD rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups ( n = 8 each) : I/R group, diazoxide group (group D), an inhibitor of autophagy wortmannin + diazoxide group (group WT＞) and wortmannin group (group W) . The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pento-barbital sodium 40 mg/kg. Their hearts were excised and passively perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with an oxygenated (95% O2-5% CO2 ) K-H solution at 37 °C . The isolated hearts were made globally ischemic for 20 min followed by 30 min reperfusion. In I/R and W groups, the isolated hearts were perfused with K-H solution for 10 min before ischemia, while the isolated hearts were perfused with K-H solution containing diazoxide 100 /xmol/L for 10 min before ischemia in D and WD groups. The HR, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) were recorded immediately before perfusion with diazoxide, immediately before the end of perfusion and at 30 min of reperfusion.Myocardial tissues were obtained at 30 min of reperfusion for determination of SOD activity, MDA content and autophagy-related protein Beclin-1 expression (by immunohistochemistry). The formation of autophagosomes was observed by transmission electron microscopy. ResultsCompared with group I/R, LVDP, HR, SOD activity and Beclin-1 expression were significantly increased at 30 min of reperfusion, while LVEDP and MDA content were significantly decreased at 30 min of reperfusion in group D(P＜0.05),and Beclin-1 expression was significantly decreased in WD and W groups(P＜0.05).Compared with group D, LVDP and Beclin-1 expression were significantly decreased, and MDA content was significantly increased in WD and W groups, and LVEDP was significantly increased, while SOD activity decreased in group W (P＜0.05). Microscopic examination showed that a large number of autophagosomes, a small number of autophagosomes and an extremely small number of autophagosomes were observed in D, WD and I/R groups respectively. Conclusion Autophagy is involved in attenuation of myocardial I/R injury by diazoxide in the isolated rat heart.     

吗啡预处理-后处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects of morphine preconditioning-postconditioning on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat hearts. Methods Male SD rats weighing 180-200 g were killed after intraperitoneal injection of heparin 500 U/kg. The hearts were immediately removed and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution gassed with 95%O2-5%CO2 .HR and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) were measured from a fluid-filled latex balloon in the left ventricle. Global myocardial ischemia was induced by interrupting perfusion for 45 min followed by 60 min reperfusion. Forty isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8 each): group 1 (I/R); group II morphine preconditioning (M1 ); group Ⅲ morphine postconditioning (M2); group IV M1 + M2; group V 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) + M2. Group M1 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 20 min 30 min before ischemia followed by 10 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group 5-HD + M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L+ 5-HD 10-4 mmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Myocardial CK-MB activity was measured and myocardial infarct size (IS/AAR) detennined (by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium staining) at the end of 60 min reperfusion. Results The preconditioning, postconditioning and combination of preconditioning and postconditioning with morphine 3.0 μmol/L perfusion for 10 min all provided cardio-protective effects in terms of IS/AAR and myocardial activation of CK-MB. Conclusion Although the combination of morphine preconditioning and postconditioning can protect the heart against I/R injury, the effects are similar to those of either of them alone, and the reason may be that either of them alone protects the heart against I/R injury via activating mitoKATP .     

吗啡预处理-后处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects of morphine preconditioning-postconditioning on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat hearts. Methods Male SD rats weighing 180-200 g were killed after intraperitoneal injection of heparin 500 U/kg. The hearts were immediately removed and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution gassed with 95%O2-5%CO2 .HR and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) were measured from a fluid-filled latex balloon in the left ventricle. Global myocardial ischemia was induced by interrupting perfusion for 45 min followed by 60 min reperfusion. Forty isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8 each): group 1 (I/R); group II morphine preconditioning (M1 ); group Ⅲ morphine postconditioning (M2); group IV M1 + M2; group V 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) + M2. Group M1 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 20 min 30 min before ischemia followed by 10 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group 5-HD + M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L+ 5-HD 10-4 mmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Myocardial CK-MB activity was measured and myocardial infarct size (IS/AAR) detennined (by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium staining) at the end of 60 min reperfusion. Results The preconditioning, postconditioning and combination of preconditioning and postconditioning with morphine 3.0 μmol/L perfusion for 10 min all provided cardio-protective effects in terms of IS/AAR and myocardial activation of CK-MB. Conclusion Although the combination of morphine preconditioning and postconditioning can protect the heart against I/R injury, the effects are similar to those of either of them alone, and the reason may be that either of them alone protects the heart against I/R injury via activating mitoKATP .     

吗啡预处理-后处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects of morphine preconditioning-postconditioning on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat hearts. Methods Male SD rats weighing 180-200 g were killed after intraperitoneal injection of heparin 500 U/kg. The hearts were immediately removed and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution gassed with 95%O2-5%CO2 .HR and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) were measured from a fluid-filled latex balloon in the left ventricle. Global myocardial ischemia was induced by interrupting perfusion for 45 min followed by 60 min reperfusion. Forty isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8 each): group 1 (I/R); group II morphine preconditioning (M1 ); group Ⅲ morphine postconditioning (M2); group IV M1 + M2; group V 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) + M2. Group M1 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 20 min 30 min before ischemia followed by 10 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group 5-HD + M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L+ 5-HD 10-4 mmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Myocardial CK-MB activity was measured and myocardial infarct size (IS/AAR) detennined (by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium staining) at the end of 60 min reperfusion. Results The preconditioning, postconditioning and combination of preconditioning and postconditioning with morphine 3.0 μmol/L perfusion for 10 min all provided cardio-protective effects in terms of IS/AAR and myocardial activation of CK-MB. Conclusion Although the combination of morphine preconditioning and postconditioning can protect the heart against I/R injury, the effects are similar to those of either of them alone, and the reason may be that either of them alone protects the heart against I/R injury via activating mitoKATP .     

吗啡预处理-后处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects of morphine preconditioning-postconditioning on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat hearts. Methods Male SD rats weighing 180-200 g were killed after intraperitoneal injection of heparin 500 U/kg. The hearts were immediately removed and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution gassed with 95%O2-5%CO2 .HR and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) were measured from a fluid-filled latex balloon in the left ventricle. Global myocardial ischemia was induced by interrupting perfusion for 45 min followed by 60 min reperfusion. Forty isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8 each): group 1 (I/R); group II morphine preconditioning (M1 ); group Ⅲ morphine postconditioning (M2); group IV M1 + M2; group V 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) + M2. Group M1 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 20 min 30 min before ischemia followed by 10 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group 5-HD + M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L+ 5-HD 10-4 mmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Myocardial CK-MB activity was measured and myocardial infarct size (IS/AAR) detennined (by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium staining) at the end of 60 min reperfusion. Results The preconditioning, postconditioning and combination of preconditioning and postconditioning with morphine 3.0 μmol/L perfusion for 10 min all provided cardio-protective effects in terms of IS/AAR and myocardial activation of CK-MB. Conclusion Although the combination of morphine preconditioning and postconditioning can protect the heart against I/R injury, the effects are similar to those of either of them alone, and the reason may be that either of them alone protects the heart against I/R injury via activating mitoKATP .     

吗啡预处理-后处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects of morphine preconditioning-postconditioning on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat hearts. Methods Male SD rats weighing 180-200 g were killed after intraperitoneal injection of heparin 500 U/kg. The hearts were immediately removed and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution gassed with 95%O2-5%CO2 .HR and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) were measured from a fluid-filled latex balloon in the left ventricle. Global myocardial ischemia was induced by interrupting perfusion for 45 min followed by 60 min reperfusion. Forty isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8 each): group 1 (I/R); group II morphine preconditioning (M1 ); group Ⅲ morphine postconditioning (M2); group IV M1 + M2; group V 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) + M2. Group M1 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 20 min 30 min before ischemia followed by 10 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group 5-HD + M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L+ 5-HD 10-4 mmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Myocardial CK-MB activity was measured and myocardial infarct size (IS/AAR) detennined (by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium staining) at the end of 60 min reperfusion. Results The preconditioning, postconditioning and combination of preconditioning and postconditioning with morphine 3.0 μmol/L perfusion for 10 min all provided cardio-protective effects in terms of IS/AAR and myocardial activation of CK-MB. Conclusion Although the combination of morphine preconditioning and postconditioning can protect the heart against I/R injury, the effects are similar to those of either of them alone, and the reason may be that either of them alone protects the heart against I/R injury via activating mitoKATP .     

吗啡预处理-后处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects of morphine preconditioning-postconditioning on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat hearts. Methods Male SD rats weighing 180-200 g were killed after intraperitoneal injection of heparin 500 U/kg. The hearts were immediately removed and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution gassed with 95%O2-5%CO2 .HR and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) were measured from a fluid-filled latex balloon in the left ventricle. Global myocardial ischemia was induced by interrupting perfusion for 45 min followed by 60 min reperfusion. Forty isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8 each): group 1 (I/R); group II morphine preconditioning (M1 ); group Ⅲ morphine postconditioning (M2); group IV M1 + M2; group V 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) + M2. Group M1 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 20 min 30 min before ischemia followed by 10 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group 5-HD + M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L+ 5-HD 10-4 mmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Myocardial CK-MB activity was measured and myocardial infarct size (IS/AAR) detennined (by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium staining) at the end of 60 min reperfusion. Results The preconditioning, postconditioning and combination of preconditioning and postconditioning with morphine 3.0 μmol/L perfusion for 10 min all provided cardio-protective effects in terms of IS/AAR and myocardial activation of CK-MB. Conclusion Although the combination of morphine preconditioning and postconditioning can protect the heart against I/R injury, the effects are similar to those of either of them alone, and the reason may be that either of them alone protects the heart against I/R injury via activating mitoKATP .     

吗啡预处理-后处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects of morphine preconditioning-postconditioning on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat hearts. Methods Male SD rats weighing 180-200 g were killed after intraperitoneal injection of heparin 500 U/kg. The hearts were immediately removed and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution gassed with 95%O2-5%CO2 .HR and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) were measured from a fluid-filled latex balloon in the left ventricle. Global myocardial ischemia was induced by interrupting perfusion for 45 min followed by 60 min reperfusion. Forty isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8 each): group 1 (I/R); group II morphine preconditioning (M1 ); group Ⅲ morphine postconditioning (M2); group IV M1 + M2; group V 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) + M2. Group M1 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 20 min 30 min before ischemia followed by 10 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group 5-HD + M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L+ 5-HD 10-4 mmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Myocardial CK-MB activity was measured and myocardial infarct size (IS/AAR) detennined (by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium staining) at the end of 60 min reperfusion. Results The preconditioning, postconditioning and combination of preconditioning and postconditioning with morphine 3.0 μmol/L perfusion for 10 min all provided cardio-protective effects in terms of IS/AAR and myocardial activation of CK-MB. Conclusion Although the combination of morphine preconditioning and postconditioning can protect the heart against I/R injury, the effects are similar to those of either of them alone, and the reason may be that either of them alone protects the heart against I/R injury via activating mitoKATP .     

吗啡预处理-后处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects of morphine preconditioning-postconditioning on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat hearts. Methods Male SD rats weighing 180-200 g were killed after intraperitoneal injection of heparin 500 U/kg. The hearts were immediately removed and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution gassed with 95%O2-5%CO2 .HR and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) were measured from a fluid-filled latex balloon in the left ventricle. Global myocardial ischemia was induced by interrupting perfusion for 45 min followed by 60 min reperfusion. Forty isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8 each): group 1 (I/R); group II morphine preconditioning (M1 ); group Ⅲ morphine postconditioning (M2); group IV M1 + M2; group V 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) + M2. Group M1 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 20 min 30 min before ischemia followed by 10 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group 5-HD + M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L+ 5-HD 10-4 mmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Myocardial CK-MB activity was measured and myocardial infarct size (IS/AAR) detennined (by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium staining) at the end of 60 min reperfusion. Results The preconditioning, postconditioning and combination of preconditioning and postconditioning with morphine 3.0 μmol/L perfusion for 10 min all provided cardio-protective effects in terms of IS/AAR and myocardial activation of CK-MB. Conclusion Although the combination of morphine preconditioning and postconditioning can protect the heart against I/R injury, the effects are similar to those of either of them alone, and the reason may be that either of them alone protects the heart against I/R injury via activating mitoKATP .     

吗啡预处理-后处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To evaluate the effects of morphine preconditioning-postconditioning on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat hearts. Methods Male SD rats weighing 180-200 g were killed after intraperitoneal injection of heparin 500 U/kg. The hearts were immediately removed and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution gassed with 95%O2-5%CO2 .HR and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) were measured from a fluid-filled latex balloon in the left ventricle. Global myocardial ischemia was induced by interrupting perfusion for 45 min followed by 60 min reperfusion. Forty isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8 each): group 1 (I/R); group II morphine preconditioning (M1 ); group Ⅲ morphine postconditioning (M2); group IV M1 + M2; group V 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) + M2. Group M1 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 20 min 30 min before ischemia followed by 10 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Group 5-HD + M2 was perfused with K-H solution containing morphine 3.0 μmol/L+ 5-HD 10-4 mmol/L for 10 min at the beginning of reperfusion followed by 50 min normal K-H solution perfusion. Myocardial CK-MB activity was measured and myocardial infarct size (IS/AAR) detennined (by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium staining) at the end of 60 min reperfusion. Results The preconditioning, postconditioning and combination of preconditioning and postconditioning with morphine 3.0 μmol/L perfusion for 10 min all provided cardio-protective effects in terms of IS/AAR and myocardial activation of CK-MB. Conclusion Although the combination of morphine preconditioning and postconditioning can protect the heart against I/R injury, the effects are similar to those of either of them alone, and the reason may be that either of them alone protects the heart against I/R injury via activating mitoKATP .     

酸性HEPES-KH液对离体未成熟心肌的作用

目的 观察不同pH值HEPES-KH复灌液对离体未成熟心肌的影响.方法 建立Langendorff离体灌注模型,分为2组:缺血/再灌(I/R,n=8),用pH 7.4 HEPES-KH液灌流20 min,缺血60min,恢复灌注30min;酸性灌注组(E,n=8),用pH7.4HEPES-KH液灌流20min,缺血60min后,应用pH 6.8、7.1和7.4 HEPES-KH液顺次灌注5、5、20 min.以血流动力学指标、生化指标作为观察指标.结果 E组与I/R组比较,左心室功能恢复、三磷酸腺苷含量(ATP)(0.93±0.12比0.56±0.04,P＜0.01)、超氧化物歧化酶活性(183.47±9.72比120.17±6.21,P＜0.01)、心肌线粒体Ca2+-ATP酶活性(16.74±1.42比6.78±0.64,P＜0.01)和心肌线粒体合成ATP的能力(105.37±9.51比50.83±4.75,P＜0.01)明显增强,在心肌含水量(74.56±1.68比86.20±2.33,P＜0.01)、丙二醛含量(1. 97±0.17比2.88±0.32,P＜0.01)、肌酸激酶(64.56±4.69比88.48±5.86,P＜0.01)和乳酸脱氢酶漏出率漏出率(96.41±6.57比128.42±9.80,P＜0.01)、心肌细胞内Ca2+含量(2.25±0.28比4.48±0.74,P＜0.01)和心肌线粒体Ca2+含量(36.10±4.05比68.29±6.90,P＜0.01)明显减少.结论 复灌初期应用梯度酸性复灌液对离体未成熟心肌具有明显保护作用.

Abstract：

Objective To study the protective effects of different pH HEPES-KH reperfusate solutions on immature myodium. Methods The isolated Langendorff perfused model from immature rabbit hearts was established. The rabbits in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group were perfused with pH7.4HEPES-KH solutions preischemia and postischemia. In experimental (E) group, pH 6. 8, pH 7. 1 and pH 7. 4 HEPES-KH solutions were perfused for 5, 5 and 20 min postischemia, respectively. The hemodynamics and biochemistry were tested. Results The left ventricular function was significantly improved, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content (0. 93 ±0. 12 vs 0. 56 ±0. 04,P ＜0. 01 ), superoxide dismutase activity ( 183.47 ±9. 72 vs 120. 17 ± 6. 21, P ＜ 0. 01 ), Ca2+ -ATPase activity of mitothondia ( 16. 74 ± 1.42 vs 6. 78 ± 0. 64, P ＜ 0. 01 ), ATP activity of mitochondria ( 105.37 ± 9. 51 vs 50. 83 ± 4. 75, P ＜ 0. 01 ) were significantly increased in E group as compared with those in I/R group. Myocardial water content (74. 56 ± 1.68 vs 86. 20 ±2. 33 ,P ＜0. 01 ), malondialdehyde content ( 1.9710. 17 vs 2. 88 ±0. 32,P ＜0. 01 ), dehydrogenase (64. 56 ± 4. 69 vs 88. 48 ± 5. 86, P ＜ 0. 01 ) and creatine kinase leakage (96. 41 ±6.57 vs 128.42 ±9.80,P＜0.01), myocardial cell Ca2+ content (2.25 ±0.28 vs 4.48 ±0.74,P＜0.01) and mitochondrial Ca2+ content (36. 10 ±4.05 vs 68.29 ±6.90,P＜0.01) in E group were reduced as compared with those in I/R group. Conclusion pH paradox might be one of important mechnisms for immature myocardial I/R injury, and acidic perfusate, at the beginning of reperfusion, might attenuate pH paradox and ameliorate functional recovery on isolated immature rabbit hearts.     

不同浓度左旋卡尼汀对离体兔缺血/再灌注心脏功能的保护作用

目的 观察不同浓度左旋卡尼汀(L-carnitine,L-CN)预处理对高钾停跳离体兔缺血/再灌注心脏功能的保护作用.方法 采用离体兔心Langendorff灌注实验模型,离体兔心24只随机等分成缺血/再灌注组、L-CN 2.5 mmol/L、L-CN 5.0 mmol/L、L-CN 10mmol/L 4组(n=6).缺血/再灌注损伤组:灌注K-H液25 min,(兔心)4℃标准St.Thomas停搏液(K~+16 mmol/L)至心脏停跳,45 min后恢复K-H液灌注20 min;不同浓度L-CN组:灌注K-H液10 min,再予不同浓度的L-CN续灌15 min,余步骤同缺血/再權注组.观察灌注过程中各组的血流动力学指标.心肌TTC染色测定缺血面积和梗死面积百分比.结果 再灌注后浓度5.0mmol/L和10.0 mmol/L的L-CN预处理的离体兔心心功能的恢复率均明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);其心肌存活面积百分比高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 L-CN预处理对高钾停跳离体兔缺血/再灌注心脏具有较好的心功能保护作用.     

PI3K-Akt信号通路在七氟醚预处理减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的 评价磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶-丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(PI3K-Akt)信号通路在七氟醚预处理减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤中的作用.方法 健康成年雄性SD大鼠96只,体重220～280g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为6组(n=16):假手术组(S组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、七氟醚预处理组(SP组)、渥曼青霉素组(W组)、二甲基亚砜组(D组)和七氟醚预处理+渥曼青霉素组(SW组).采用Langendorff装置建立大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注模型.S组继续灌注180 min;I/R组平衡灌注30 min,缺血30 min,恢复灌注120 min;其余各组先平衡灌注15 min,SP组、W组、DMSO组和SW组分别用含2.4%七氟醚、100 nmol/L渥曼青霉察、20 μmol/L二甲基亚砜、2.4%七氟醚和100 nmol/L渥曼青霉素的K-H液灌注10 min,然后洗脱5 min,缺血30 min,恢复灌注120 min.各组随机取8个心脏,于平衡灌注末和再灌注15 min时,记录HR、左室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左室发展压(LVDP)、左心室内压最大上升速率(+dp/dtmax)和左心室内压最大下降速率(-dp/dtmax).再灌注15 min时取心肌组织,采用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡,计算凋亡指数;采用Western blot法测定磷酸化Akt(p-Akt)表达.再灌注120 min时,取8个心脏,采用TIC染色法测定心肌梗死体积.结果 与S组比较,其余各组HR、LVDP和±dp/dtmax降低,LVEDP升高,I/R组、SP组和D组心肌p-Akt表达上调(P＜0.05);与I/R组比较,SP组LVDP和±dp/dtmax升高,LVEDP和凋亡指数降低,心肌p-Akt表达上调,心肌梗死体积减小(P＜0.05),SW组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 七氟醚预处理可通过激活PI3K-Akt信号通路减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the role of phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase-Akt (PI3k-Akt) signal pathway in the attenuation of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by sevoflurane preconditioning in isolated rat hearts. Methods Ninety-six adult male SD rats weighing 220-280 g were randomly divided into 6 groups ( n = 16 each): sham operation group (group S); I/R group; sevoflurane preconditioning group (group SP); wortmannin group (group W); dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group (group D) and sevoflurane preconditioning + wortmannin group (group SW) . Their hearts were excised and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution saturated with 95%O2-5%C02 at 37 ℃ . The hearts were continuously perfused for 180 min in group S. After 15 min of equilibration, the isolated hearts were subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion in SP, W, D and SW groups. Croups SP, W, D and SW received 10 min of perfusion with K-H solution containing 2. 4% sevoflurane, 100 nmol/L wortmannin, 20 μmol/L DMSO, and 2.4% sevoflurane + 100 nmol/L wortmannin, respectively, followed by 5 min washout before I/R. Eight hearts in each group were selected and HR, left ventricular end-diabetic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), and ± dp/dtmax were recorded at the end of equilibration and at 15 min of reperfusion, Myocardial tissues were obtained at 15 min of reperfusion for determination of apoptosis (by TUNEL) and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) expression (by Western blot) . Another 8 hearts were selected at 120 min of reperfusion for determination of myocardial infarct size by TTC staining. Result Compared with group S, LVDP and ± dp/dt,^ were significantly decreased and LVEDP was significantly increased in groups I/R, SP, W, D and SW, and myocardial p-Akt expression was up-regulated in groups I/R, SP and D ( P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group I/R, LVDP and ± dp/dtmax were significantly increased, LVEDP and apoptosis index were significantly decreased, myocardial p-Akt expression was up-regulated, and myocardial infarct size was significantly reduced in group SP (P ＜0.05) . Conclusion Activation of PI3K-Akt signal pathway is involved in the attenuation of I/R injury by sevoflurane reconditioning in isolated rat hearts.     

心肌细胞缝隙连接蛋白43在线粒体敏感性钾通道介导七氟醚预处理减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注中的作用

目的 评价心肌细胞缝隙连接蛋白43(Cx43)在线粒体敏感性钾(mito-KATP)通道介导七氟醚预处理减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注中的作用.方法 健康成年雄性SD大鼠40只,体重200～250 g,采用Langendorff灌注模型进行离体心脏灌注.采用随机数字表法,将心脏随机分为5组(n=8):对照组(C组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、七氟醚预处理组(S组)、七氟醚预处理+5-羟葵酸(5-HD)组(SH组)和5-HD组(H组).采用结扎左冠状动脉前降支(LAD) 30 min,恢复灌注120 min的方法制备心脏缺血再灌注模型.各组平衡灌注10 min;然后C组持续灌注,仅于LAD下穿线而不结扎;I/R组继续灌注30 min后结扎LAD;S组、S+H组和H组结扎LAD前30 min时分别用3％七氟醚预先饱和的K-H液、3％七氟醚预先饱和的K-H液+100 μmol/L 5-HD和K-H液+100 μmol/L 5-HD灌注15 min,然后用K-H液冲洗15 min.分别于给药前(T0)、给药结束即刻(T1)、缺血前即刻(T2)、缺血30 min(T3)和再灌注120 min(T4)时,记录HR、左心室收缩压(LVSP)、左心室舒张压(LVDP)、左心室最大上升速率(+dp/dtmax)和左心室最大下降速率(- dp/dtmax).再灌注结束后,取左心室心肌组织,测定心肌梗死体积,采用免疫组化法测定心肌细胞Cx43表达,采用Western Blot法测定心肌细胞Cx43和磷酸化Cx43(p-Cx43)表达.结果 与C组比较,I/R组、S+H组和H组HR、LVSP、+dp/dtmax和- dp/dtmax降低,LVDP升高,心肌细胞Cx43和p-Cx43表达下调(P＜0.05).与I/R组比较,S组HR、LVSP、+dp/dtmax和- dp/dtmax升高,LVDP和心肌梗死体积降低,心肌细胞Cx43和p-Cx43表达上调(P＜0.05),S+H组和H组各指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 七氟醚预处理可能通过开放mito-KATP通道,促进心肌细胞Cx43磷酸化,减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤.     

右美托咪啶预处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 评价右美托咪啶预处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 健康清洁级雄性Wistar大鼠24只,体重230～ 260 g,制备离体Langendorff心脏灌注模型后,采用随机数字表法,将离体心脏随机分为3组(n=8):缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、右美托咪啶Ⅰ组(DI组)、右美托咪啶Ⅱ组(DⅡ组).各组均先用K-H液平衡灌注10 min后,I/R组用K-H液继续灌注30 min,D I组和DⅡ组分别用含有0.23.、2.30ng/ml右美托咪啶的K-H液继续灌注20 min,再用K-H液冲洗10 min.各组心脏均缺血30 min,K-H液再灌注120 min.于平衡灌注末、再灌注5、30、60和120min时收集冠脉流出液,测定肌酸激酶(CK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性.再灌注末取心肌组织,测定SOD活性及MDA含量.结果 与I/R组比较DⅠ组和DⅡ组冠脉流出液CK、LDH活性、心肌组织MDA含量降低,心肌组织SOD活性升高(P＜0.05);与DI组比较,DⅡ组冠脉流出液CK、LDH活性、心肌组织MDA含量降低,心肌组织SOD活性升高(P＜0.05).结论 右美托咪啶预处理可减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤,且与浓度有关.     

异丙酚对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注时NF-κB及iNOS的影响

目的 探讨异丙酚对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注时核因子κB(NF-κB)及诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的影响.方法 成年SD大鼠24只,体重200～300 g,雌雄不拘,随机分为3组(n=8):对照组(C组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和异丙酚组(P组).建立Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型,K-H液平衡20 min后开始实验.C组灌注K-H液110 min;I/R组灌注K-H液20 min后,全心停灌30 min,再灌注60 min;P组用含50 μmol/L异丙酚的K-H液灌注20 min,全心停灌30 min,再用含50 μmol/L异丙酚的K-H液灌注60 min.于平衡末、再灌注10 min和60 min时测定冠状动脉流出液心肌肌钙蛋白(cTnI)浓度;于再灌注60 min时测定心肌SOD活性、MDA含量、iNOS活性及NF-κB、IκB的表达水平.结果 与C组比较,I/R组再灌注期间冠状动脉流出液cTnI浓度升高,P组再灌注期间60 min时升高(P＜0.05或0.01),I/R组心肌SOD活性降低,MDA含量增多,iNOS活性升高(P＜0.01),I/R组和P组心肌NF-κB表达升高,kB表达降低(P＜0.05或0.01).与I/R组比较,P组再灌注期间冠状动脉流出液cTnI浓度、心肌MDA含量、NF-κB表达、iNOS活性均降低,心肌SOD活性和IκB表达升高(P＜0.01).结论 异丙酚可抑制心肌NF-κB的激活,降低iNOS的活性,从而减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤.     

大鼠血红素加氧酶-1基因转染对大鼠离体心肌缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的 观察重组腺相关病毒介导大鼠血红素加氧酶-1基因转染对大鼠离体心肌缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠30只随机分成3组,对照组(C组,n=6),缺血再灌注组(I/R组,n=12),腺相关病毒介导血红索加氧酶-1基因组(A-r组,n=12).基因转染3个月后,建立大鼠离体心脏Langendorff灌流模型,C组持续灌注100 min,其他各组均平衡15 rain,停灌40min与再灌注45 min,记录冠脉流量(CF),测定冠脉流出液肌酸激酶(CK)活性,测定再灌注后45 min时的心肌心肌组织超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量,同时取每组大鼠心肌检测梗死面积、心肌细胞凋亡率以及心肌组织bax、bcl-2蛋白表达量.结果 离体心肌Langendorff灌注后,与I/R组比较,A-r组在复灌后冠脉流出液CK活性降低(P＜0.01),复灌后45min后心肌MDA含量降低(P＜0.01),SOD活性增高(P＜0.01),梗死面积较小(P＜0.01),心肌组织bax表达量、心肌细胞凋亡率均显著下降,心肌组织bel-2表达量明显增加(P＜0.01).结论 重组腺相关病毒血红素加氧酶1基因转染心肌后,可抑制离体缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡和增强心肌抗氧化能力,对大鼠离体心肌缺血再灌注损伤有显著保护作用.     

芬太尼联合七氟烷后处理对离体大鼠缺血/再灌注心功能的影响

目的 研究芬太尼联合七氟烷后处理对离体大鼠缺血/再灌注(ischemia/reperfusion,I/R)心脏心功能的影响.方法 建立离体大鼠心脏缺血40 min,再灌注120 min模型.根据再灌注开始10 min的不同处理,使用随机数字表法将实验动物随机分为4组(n=10):I/R对照组(Con),七氟烷后处理组(...     

钙预处理对未成熟心肌的保护作用

目的 观察钙预处理对未成熟心肌的影响.方法 采用Langendorff离体灌注模型,分为3组,缺血再灌组(I/R):离体心脏灌注10 win、工作心15 min后停灌45 min恢复灌注15 min,转为工作心模型30 min;心脏缺血预处理组(IPC):离体灌注10 min转为工作心15 min,反复2次缺血5min/再灌5min,停灌45min后恢复灌注15min,转为工作心模型30min;钙预处理组(CP):离体心脏灌注10 min、工作心15 min后,反复3次45 s无钙KH液灌流/5 min KH液灌流,停灌45 min后恢复灌注15 min,转为工作心模型30 min.以血流动力学指标、生化指标和心肌超微结构作为观察指标.结果 IPC与CP组比较,血流动力学指标、生化指标和心肌超微结构等方面均无明显差异;CP、IPC与I/R组比较,左心室功能恢复、三磷酸腺苷含量(ATP)(11.53±1.85、13.40±1.96比4.27±0.83,P＜0.01)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(230.47±11.72、236.28±12.69比124.17±6.20,P＜0.01)、心肌线粒体Ca2+ATP酶活性(17.86±1.39、16.38±1.27比6.78 ±0.64,P＜0.01)和心肌线粒体合成ATP的能力(104.29±9.60、102.43±9.53比50.83±4.75,P＜0.01)明显增强,在心肌含水量(75.32±1.25、73.29±1.26比84.23±2.03,P＜0.01)、丙二醛含量(1.32±0.12、1.23±0.11比2.61±0.37,P＜0.01)、肌酸激酶(53.17±5.32、57.47±5.62比123.65±9.63,P＜0.01)和乳酸脱氢酶漏出率(32.16±3.23、34.48±3.43比85.43±5.93,P＜0.01)、心肌细胞内(2.54 ±0.32、2.17±0.22比4.48±0.74,P＜0.01)和心肌线粒体Ca2+含量(35.91±4.01、36.85±3.97比68.29±6.90,P＜0.01)明显减少;CP、IPC组心肌超微结构损伤较I/R组明显减轻.结论 钙预处理对未成熟心肌具有明显保护作用

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the protective effects of Ca2+ preconditioning on isolated immature myocardium.Methods Isolated working rabbit heart model was used,and 18 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups:ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) group receiving 45 min ischemia followed by 45 min reperfusion;myocardial ischemic preconditioning (IPC) group receiving 5 min ischemia and 5 min reperfusion 2 times before 45 min ischemia followed by 45 min reperfusion;Ca2 + preconditioning (CP)group receiving no-Ca2 + preconditioning before 45 min ischemia followed by 45 min reperfusion.The hemodynamics,biochemistry and myocardial ultrastructure were tested.Results The hemodynamics,biochemistry and myocardial ultrastructure had no significant diferrence between CP group and IPC group.As compared with I/R group,in CP and IPC groups,the left ventricular function recovery,adenosine triphosphate content (ATP) (11.53 ± 1.85,13.40 ± 1.96 vs 4.27 ±0.83,P＜0.01),superoxide dismutase (SOD)activity (230.47± 11.72,236.28 ± 12.69 vs 124.17 ±6.20,P＜0.01),Ca2+-ATPase activity of mitothondia ( 104.29 ± 9.60,102.43 ± 9.53 vs 50.83 ± 4.75,P＜0.01 ) and synthesized ATP activity of mitochondria ( 104.29 ±9.60,102.43 ±9.53 vs 50.83 ±4.75 ,P ＜0.01 ) were improved,and myocardial water content ( 75.32 ± 1.25,73.29 ± 1.26 vs 84.23 ± 2.03 ,P＜0.01 ),malondialdehyde content ( 1.32 ± 0.12,1.23 ± 0.11 vs 2.61 ± 0.37 ,P＜0.01 ),the dehydrogenase (32.16 ± 3.23,34.48 ± 3.43 vs 85.43 ± 5.93,P ＜0.01 ) and creatine kinase leakage (53.17 ±5.32,57.47±5.62 vs 123.65 ±9.63 ,P ＜0.01 ),myocardial cell Ca2+ content (2.54 ±0.32,2.17 ±0.22 vs 4.48 ±0.74 ,P ＜0.01 ) and mitochondrial Ca2+ content(35.91 ±4.01,36.85 ±3.97 vs 68.29 ±6.90,P ＜0.01 ) were reduced.The ultra.structure injury was milder in CP group and ICP group than in I/R group.Conclusion CP has signifcantly protective effects on immature myocardium.