RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REPRESSION-SENSITIZATION AND PHYSICAL ILLNESS.

HYPOTHESIZED THAT BOTH SENSITIZERS AND REPRESSERS EXCEED THOSE INDIVIDUALS FALLING IN THE MIDDLE OF THE DISTRIBUTION WITH RESPECT TO FREQUENCY AND SEVERITY OF ILLNESSES. EXP. I UTILIZED 2 INDEPENDENT SAMPLES OF UNDERGRADUATES (N = 173 AND 319) WHO WERE GIVEN THE REPRESSION-SENSITIZATION (R-S) SCALE AND A HEALTH SURVEY. THERE WAS NO SUPPORT FOR THE CURVILINEARITY HYPOTHESIS, BUT ON 12 HEALTH ITEMS IN BOTH SAMPLES, SENSITIZERS INDICATED GREATER FREQUENCY AND/OR SEVERITY OF ILLNESS THAN DID REPRESSERS. IN THE EXP. II A SUBSAMPLE OF 85 EXTREME SCORERS ON THE R-S SCALE FROM A POOL OF 319 SS WERE COMPARED WITH RESPECT TO THE NUMBER OF VISITS MADE TO THE UNIVERSITY HEALTH CENTER DURING 1 ACADEMIC YR. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE INDICATED THAT MALE SENSITIZERS DO IN FACT SEEK MEDICAL HELP SIGNIFICANTLY MORE FREQUENTLY THAN MALE REPRESSERS; FOR FEMALES, HEALTH CENTER VISITS WERE UNRELATED TO R-S SCORES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

BIRTH ORDER, ANXIETY, AND VERBALIZATIONS IN GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY.

AN INITIAL STUDY AND A REPLICATION WERE CONDUCTED TO INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BIRTH ORDER AND ANXIETY AS THEY RELATED TO SPEECH IN GROUP THERAPY. 48 PATIENTS UNDERGOING GROUP THERAPY AT A STATE MENTAL HOSPITAL SERVED AS SS, WITH 24 IN THE INITIAL STUDY AND 24 IN THE REPLICATION. IN BOTH STUDIES, 1/2 THE SS WERE 1ST BORN, AND 1/2 WERE LATER BORN. SPEECH WAS RECORDED FOR 5 CONSECUTIVE THERAPY MEETINGS IN 6 GROUPS, FOR A TOTAL OF 30 GROUP THERAPY MEETINGS INVESTIGATED. 3 ANXIETY MEASURES AND THE MINIMAL SOCIAL BEHAVIOR SCALE WERE ALSO ADMINISTERED. RESULTS SUPPORTED ALL HYPOTHESES IN THAT: (1) 1ST-BORN AND HIGH-ANXIOUS SS SPOKE MORE FREQUENTLY THAN LATER-BORN OR LOW-ANXIOUS SS, (2) 1ST-BORN PATIENTS ASKED MORE QUESTIONS DURING THERAPY THAN LATER-BORN PATIENTS, AND (3) 1ST BORNS SPOKE MORE THAN LATER BORNS WHEN HIGHLY ANXIOUS. VERBALIZATIONS OF HOSPITALIZED MENTAL PATIENTS ARE RELATED TO THEIR BIRTH ORDER AND ANXIETY LEVEL, WHICH HAS IMPLICATIONS FOR PSYCHOTHERAPY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH. (17 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

MMPI STUDY OF NEGRO MENTAL HYGIENE CLINIC PATIENTS.

COMPARED MMPI DATA FOR 100 NEGRO AND 100 WHITE PATIENTS IN A MENTAL HYGIENE CLINIC. THE 2 GROUPS WERE SIMILAR IN EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, BUT THE NEGROES WERE AT A SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER OCCUPATIONAL LEVEL. THE MEAN PROFILES FOR THE 2 GROUPS WERE SIMILAR. ORDERING THE MMPIS BY THE HIGHEST AND 2 HIGHEST CLINICAL SCALE SCORES SHOWED DIFFERENCES ON FEMININE INTERESTS AND SCHIZOPHRENIA (SC) AS THE HIGHEST SCORES, AND ON HYPOCHONDRIASIS (HS)-SC, SC-HS, DEPRESSION (D)-PSYCHASTHENIA (PT), AND PT-D FOR THE 2 HIGHEST SCORES. THE CONCLUSIONS ARE THAT THE NEGROES TEND TO BE MORE CONFORMING TO MIDDLE-CLASS STANDARDS, MORE DENYING OF ANXIETY AND SENSITIVITY, AND MORE FOCUSED ON PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS THAN THE WHITES. IT ALSO APPEARED THAT ANXIETY AND HOSTILITY WERE MORE FREQUENTLY DENIED AND PROJECTED ONTO IMPERSONAL AND DISTANT OBJECTS BY THE NEGROES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

COMPARATIVE VALIDITY OF DIFFERENT STRATEGIES OF CONSTRUCTING PERSONALITY INVENTORY SCALES.

TO EXAMINE THE DIFFERENTIAL VALIDITY OF PERSONALITY INVENTORY SCALES DEVELOPED BY DIFFERENT STRATEGIES OF SCALE CONSTRUCTION, 6 STRATEGIES WERE COMPARED: FACTOR ANALYTIC, EMPIRICAL GROUP DISCRIMINATIVE, INTUITIVE-THEORETICAL, INTUITIVE-RATIONAL, STYLISTIC-PSYCHOMETRIC, AND RANDOM. A COMMON ITEM POOL, THAT OF THE CPI, WAS USED TO CONSTRUCT SETS OF 11 SCALES BY EACH OF THE 6 STRATEGIES. THE SS WERE APPROXIMATELY 200 UNIVERSITY FRESHMAN GIRLS, FOR WHOM CPI RESPONSES AND 13 CRITERION MEASURES WERE AVAILABLE. THESE 13 CRITERIA INCLUDED AN INDEX OF SORORITY MEMBERSHIP; AN EXPERIMENTAL MEASURE OF CONFORMITY; PEER RATINGS ON THE TRAITS OF DOMINANCE, SOCIABILITY, RESPONSIBILITY, PSYCHOLOGICAL-MINDEDNESS, AND FEMININITY; A PEER RATING OF HOW WELL S WAS KNOWN; S'S AVERAGE NUMBER OF DATES PER MO.; COLLEGE GRADE POINT AVERAGE; COLLEGE ACHIEVEMENT RELATIVE TO ABILITY; COLLEGE MAJOR; AND COLLEGE DROPOUT. MULTIPLE REGRESSION PROCEDURES WERE USED IN A DOUBLE CROSS-VALIDATION DESIGN. RESULTS INDICATED THAT THE 4 PRIMARY STRATEGIES OF SCALE CONSTRUCTION DID NOT DIFFER FROM ONE ANOTHER IN OVERALL VALIDITY; ALL 4 WERE SIGNIFICANTLY MORE VALID THAN THE STYLISTIC AND RANDOM SCALES, WHICH IN TURN DID NOT DIFFER SIGNIFICANTLY FROM EACH OTHER. (2 P. REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

LABOR TURNOVER AS A FUNCTION OF WORKER DIFFERENCES, WORK ENVIRONMENT, AND AUTHORITARIANISM OF FOREMEN.

THE LABOR TURNOVER RATE OF MALE PRODUCTION WORKERS OF A TELEVISION PICTURE-TUBE MANUFACTURING COMPANY WAS STUDIED WITH RESPECT TO: BIOGRAPHICAL DATA, WORK ENVIRONMENT, AND AUTHORITARIANISM OF FOREMEN. IT WAS FOUND THAT WORKERS WHO TERMINATED THEIR EMPLOYMENT WITHIN 1 YR. WERE YOUNGER, HAD MORE JOBS IN THE 2 YR. PRECEDING THEIR EMPLOYMENT WITH THE COMPANY, AND HAD HIGHER HOURLY WAGES ON THEIR LAST JOB, AS COMPARED WITH WORKERS WHO MAINTAINED THEIR EMPLOYMENT FOR MORE THAN 1 YR. ALTHOUGH THE TURNOVER RATE WAS FOUND TO BE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER ON THE 2ND AND 3RD SHIFTS AS COMPARED WITH THE 1ST SHIFT, NO DIFFERENCE IN RATES WAS FOUND AMONG THE 6 WORK SECTIONS WHICH DIFFERED CONSIDERABLY IN TERMS OF PHYSICAL WORK CONDITIONS. THE MAJOR FACTOR FOUND TO BE RELATED TO LABOR TURNOVER WAS THE DEGREE OF AUTHORITARIANISM OF THE 12 FOREMEN OF THE WORK SECTIONS, I.E., TURNOVER RATE CORRELATED .76 WITH AUTHORITARIANISM RATINGS OF THE FOREMEN. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

DEFENSIVENESS AND NEED FOR APPROVAL.

NEED FOR APPROVAL (N APP) AND EXPECTANCY (EXP) OF APPROVAL VS. DISAPPROVAL WERE MANIPULATED UNDER HIGH- AND LOW-CONSEQUENCES (CON) CONDITIONS (IN A 3 * 2 * 2 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE DESIGN) TO DETERMINE THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO DEFENSIVENESS (DEF). THE 3 N APP LEVELS WERE OBTAINED BY TRICHOTOMIZING SCORES ON THE MARLOWE-CROWNE SOCIAL DESIRABILITY SCALE; EXP WAS MANIPULATED BY PROVIDING SS WITH EITHER POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE VERBAL REINFORCEMENT DURING AN INTERVIEW; CON CONSISTED OF E POSING AS A THREATENING AUTHORITY FIGURE TO 30 SS AND AS A STUDENT TO THE REMAINING 30. 3 SEPARATE DEPENDENT-VARIABLE MEASURES WERE USED: THE K SCALE, GOUGH'S DEF SCALE, AND THE ROTTER INCOMPLETE SENTENCES BLANK. IT WAS PREDICTED THAT DEF WOULD INCREASE AS A FUNCTION OF N APP, EXP OF DISAPPROVAL, AND HIGH CON. HOWEVER, SS BECAME MORE DEFENSIVE ONLY UNDER THE HIGH CON CONDITION (P     

AN EVALUATION OF THE TRAIL MAKING TEST.

3 GROUPS (21 SS IN EACH) OF HOSPITALIZED WHITE MALES, HOMOGENEOUS AS TO AGE, SEX, AND EDUCATION, WERE EXAMINED WITH THE TRAIL MAKING TEST (TMT). THE GROUPS WERE IDENTIFIED AS BRAIN-DAMAGED, MIXED NEUROPSYCHIATRIC, AND HOSPITALIZED CONTROLS. THE NULL HYPOTHESIS THAT THE TMT SCORES OF THE 3 GROUPS WOULD NOT DIFFER SIGNIFICANTLY COULD NOT BE REJECTED. ALTHOUGH PART A OF THE TMT DIFFERS SIGNIFICANTLY FROM PART B, THE DIFFERENTIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES BEING TAPPED BY BOTH ARE UNKNOWN. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT IF THE TMT IS TO BE APPLIED IN A CLINICAL SETTING, CONSIDERABLY MORE INFORMATION IS NEEDED CONCERNING TEST PERFORMANCE AS A FUNCTION OF AGE. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

COMPARISON OF DESENSITIZATION AND PROGRESSIVE RELAXATION IN TREATING TEST ANXIETY.

STUDENTS WHO REPORTED HIGH LEVELS OF TEST ANXIETY RECEIVED SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION, RELAXATION TRAINING, OR NO TREATMENT. THESE SS WERE FOLLOWED ON 4 MEASURES BELIEVED TO REFLECT ANXIETY LEVEL. IT WAS PREDICTED, IN KEEPING WITH DESENSITIZATION BY COUNTERCONDITIONING, THAT DESENSITIZED SS WOULD SHOW LESS ANXIETY THAN SS WHO RECEIVED ONLY RELAXATION TRAINING AND THAT BOTH GROUPS WOULD SHOW LESS TEST ANXIETY AFTER TREATMENT THAN CONTROLS. RESULTS SHOW THAT DESENSITIZATION SS ATTAINED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER GRADES THAN THE OTHER 2 GROUPS WHICH DID NOT DIFFER FROM EACH OTHER. THE OTHER MEASURES SHOWED NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GROUPS. SINCE THE RESULTS OF THE MOST IMPORTANT AND NONREACTIVE MEASURE CONFIRM THE PREDICTION WITH REGARD TO THE SUPERIORITY OF DESENSITIZATION OVER THE 2 CONTROL CONDITIONS, IT IS CONCLUDED THAT EVIDENCE FOR THE COUNTERCONDITIONING EXPLANATION WAS PROVIDED. (29 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

MEASUREMENT OF SOCIAL COMPETENCE IN COLLEGE MALES.

DESCRIBES THE CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF AN INSTRUMENT TO ASSESS SOCIAL COMPETENCE IN COLLEGE MALES. ITEMS WERE WRITTEN ASKING FOR REPORTS OF VERIFIABLE BEHAVIOR OR BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION WHICH REFLECTED SOCIAL PARTICIPATION, INTERPERSONAL COMPETENCE, ACHIEVEMENT, AND ENVIRONMENTAL MASTERY. AFTER PRELIMINARY CLARIFICATION AND ADJUSTMENT OF THE ITEMS, THOSE 20 ITEMS WHICH WITHSTOOD AN INTERNAL CONSISTENCY ANALYSIS WERE LABELED THE B-III SCALE. THE SCALE WAS VALIDATED BY DEMONSTRATING THAT HIGH AND LOW B-III SCORERS DIFFERED IN THE ANTICIPATED MANNER ON THE MMPI. IN ADDITION, SOCIALLY COMPETENT FRATERNITY MEMBERS SCORED HIGHER THAN SOCIALLY INCOMPETENT MEMBERS, WHO SCORED HIGHER THAN A CLASSROOM NORMATIVE SAMPLE. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

THEMATIC EXPRESSION OF SEXUAL CONFLICT UNDER VARYING STIMULUS CONDITIONS.

USING AN APPROACH-AVOIDANCE MODEL, THE SEX APPROACH RESPONSES OF HIGH-SEX-CONFLICT (HSC) AND LOW-SEX-CONFLICT (LSC) SS, AS ASSESSED BY A SELF-REPORT INDEX, WERE EVALUATED USING LOW-RELEVANCE (AMBIGUOUS) AND HIGH-RELEVANCE (STRUCTURED) THEMATIC STIMULI. 48 SS WERE EQUALLY DIVIDED INTO THE FOLLOWING 4 GROUPS: HSC, MALE E; HSC, FEMALE E; LSC, MALE E; LSC, FEMALE E. 2 INDEXES OF SEX APPROACH WERE DERIVED FROM SS' VERBAL RESPONSES, 1 BASED ON CONTENT, THE OTHER ON AFFECT. AS PREDICTED, THE STRUCTURED STIMULI ELICITED SIGNIFICANTLY GREATER APPROACH RESPONSES FROM THE LSC SS THAN FROM THE HSC SS, WHEREAS THERE WERE NO DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSES TO THE AMBIGUOUS STIMULI. SEX OF E WAS NOT FOUND TO INFLUENCE RESPONSES. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT AVOIDANCE REACTIONS TO STRUCTURED STIMULI ARE MORE USEFUL THAN APPROACH RESPONSES TO AMBIGUOUS STIMULI IN DETECTING CONFLICT. (21 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

ATTITUDES INFERRED FROM NEUTRAL VERBAL COMMUNICATIONS.

THE DIMENSION OF IMMEDIACY IN VERBAL COMMUNICATION QUANTIFIES DEGREE OF THE INTENSITY AND DIRECTNESS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN A COMMUNICATOR AND THE OBJECT OF HIS COMMUNICATION. A PREVIOUS STUDY INDICATES THAT THERE IS MORE IMMEDIACY IN COMMUNICATIONS ABOUT LIKED OTHERS THAN ABOUT DISLIKED OTHERS. IN THE PRESENT STUDY SS, WHO WERE NOT FAMILIAR WITH THE EXPLICIT IMMEDIACY CATEGORIES AND ASSOCIATED INFERENCES ABOUT ATTITUDES, WERE PRESENTED WITH PAIRS OF COMMUNICATIONS DIFFERING IN DEGREE OF IMMEDIACY, BUT NEUTRAL IN EXPLICIT COMMUNICATION OF ATTITUDES. IT WAS PREDICTED THAT IN THE CASE OF OSTENSIBLY NEUTRAL COMMUNICATIONS THE MORE IMMEDIATE COMMUNICATION IN EACH PAIR WOULD BE JUDGED AS INDICATING A MORE POSITIVE QUALITY OF COMMUNICATOR ATTITUDE. THE PREDICTION WAS CONFIRMED IN 6 OF THE 7 IMMEDIACY CATEGORIES INVESTIGATED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

FUTURE TIME PERSPECTIVE: ITS RELATION TO THE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS AND THE DELINQUENT ROLE.

USED THE ASSUMPTION THAT PERSONAL FUTURE TIME PERSPECTIVE (FTP) IS RELATED TO THE OUTCOME OF THE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS THAT NONDELINQUENT (ND) AND DELINQUENT (D) BOYS WOULD BE SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT IN THE EXTENT OF FTP. 100 NDS AND 100 DS MATCHED FOR AGE, SOCIAL STATUS, RACE, AND INTELLIGENCE WERE ADMINISTERED THE FUTURE EVENTS TEST. THE NDS ACHIEVED A SIGNIFICANTLY GREATER EXTENT OF FTP THAN THE DS. RESULTS WERE REPLICATED ON A RANDOM SAMPLE OF 100 NDS AND 100 DS. THE RESULTS WERE ALMOST IDENTICAL TO THOSE FOUND IN THE MATCHED GROUPS. AN ANALYSIS OF THE 36 TEST ITEMS REVEALED THOSE ITEMS WITH (1) DIFFERENTIAL ENDORSEMENT BETWEEN ND AND D SAMPLES, (2) SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT MEAN FUTURE AGE SCORES BETWEEN GROUPS, AND (3) DIFFERENTIAL VARIABILITY BETWEEN THE NDS AND DS. GENERALLY THE NDS ENDORSED THE MORE PROSOCIAL ITEMS, WERE MORE HOMOGENEOUS IN FTP SCORES, AND WERE MORE REALITY ORIENTED WITH REGARD TO THE FUTURE. (21 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

MALE-FEMALE DIFFERENCES IN MMPI EGO STRENGTH: AN ARTIFACT.

HYPOTHESIZED THAT THE LOWER EGO STRENGTH (ES) SCORES OF WOMEN WERE NOT A FUNCTION OF A GENERAL TENDENCY FOR WOMEN TO ADMIT TO MORE PATHOLOGY THAN MEN BUT RATHER WERE DUE TO A NUMBER OF ITEMS ON THE SCALE WHICH SEEMED TO MEASURE SEX-ROLE IDENTIFICATION. AN ITEM ANALYSIS INDICATED THAT THE ES DIFFERENCES WERE A FUNCTION OF A NUMBER OF SPECIFIC ITEMS WHICH IN MOST CASES WERE RELATED TO SEX ROLE. ES SCORES SIGNIFICANTLY PREDICTED SPEED OF RESPONSE TO PSYCHOTHERAPY. WHEN THE TESTS WERE RESCORED WITHOUT THE ITEMS TO WHICH MEN AND WOMEN HAD RESPONDED DIFFERENTIALLY, THE MALE-FEMALE DIFFERENCES IN ES WERE CANCELED OUT, BUT THE PREDICTIVE VALIDITY OF ES IN REGARD TO PSYCHOTHERAPY WAS NOT AFFECTED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EFFECT OF IRRELEVANT PERIPHERAL VISUAL STIMULI ON DISCRIMINATION LEARNING IN MINIMALLY BRAIN-DAMAGED CHILDREN.

THE HYPOTHESIS THAT MINIMALLY BRAIN-DAMAGED CHILDREN ARE MORE DISTRACTIBLE THAN NON-BRAIN-DAMAGED CHILDREN WAS TESTED IN A SERIES OF 3 EXPERIMENTS. EXP. I DEMONSTRATED THAT THE DISTRACTING CONDITION OF PERIPHERAL VISUAL STIMULI INTERFERED WITH DISCRIMINATION LEARNING IN NON-BRAIN-DAMAGED SS. IN EXP. II THE DISTRACTING CONDITION AGAIN INTERFERED WITH LEARNING IN NON-BRAIN-DAMAGED SS, BUT FAILED TO HAVE THIS EFFECT WITH BRAIN-DAMAGED SS. WHEN DIFFERENCES IN IQ WERE CONTROLLED STATISTICALLY, THE PERFORMANCE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BRAIN-DAMAGED AND NON-BRAIN-DAMAGED GROUPS WERE NO LONGER SIGNIFICANT. THE DISTRACTING CONDITION DID NOT INTERFERE WITH LEARNING IN A GROUP OF OLDER BRAIN-INJURED SS USED IN EXP. III. RESULTS FAILED TO SUPPORT THE HYPOTHESIS THAT A TASK-IRRELEVANT DISTRACTING CONDITION OF PERIPHERAL VISUAL STIMULI WOULD AFFECT THE PERFORMANCE OF BRAIN-INJURED SS MORE THAN THAT OF NON-BRAIN-INJURED SS. (22 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

INTERACTION PATTERNS IN CHILDREN WITH PHENYLKETONURIA.

TO ELUCIDATE THE ROLE OF EMOTIONAL FACTORS IN PHENYLKETONURIA (PKU), 4 S GROUPS COMPRISED OF PKU, RETARDED AND/OR BRAIN DAMAGED, PSYCHOTIC, AND NORMAL CHILDREN WERE COMPARED ON A MEASURE OF INTERACTION BEHAVIOR. ON TOTAL INTERACTION SCORES, THE PKU GROUP WAS FOUND TO PERFORM SIGNIFICANTLY MORE POORLY THAN THE NORMALS, BUT SIGNIFICANTLY BETTER THAN THE PSYCHOTICS. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE PKU GROUP AND RETARDED AND/OR BRAIN-DAMAGED GROUP TENDED TOWARD SIGNIFICANCE, ALTHOUGH ON SEPARATE COMPARISONS FOR THE 3 SOCIAL STIMULUS CONDITIONS THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THESE 2 GROUPS WERE NOT SIGNIFICANT. THE PKU GROUP WAS FOUND TO BE THE MOST HETEROGENEOUS, AND THE CLUSTERING OF SCORES SUGGESTED THAT PHENYLKETONURIA IS BEHAVIORALLY NOT A UNITARY DISORDER. CORRELATIONS OF INTELLIGENCE CRITERIA AND INTERACTION SCORES FOR THE PKU GROUP FURTHER INDICATED THAT THE INTERACTION MEASURE MAY TAP FUNCTIONS NOT ASSESSED BY STANDARDIZED IQ TESTS. (18 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONALITY, DRUG EFFECTS, AND AVOIDANCE RESPONSES IN TRYON S1 AND S3 STRAINS.

WHETHER DRUGS WILL RAISE OR LOWER PERFORMANCE UNDER STRESS HAS BEEN SHOWN TO DEPEND IN PART UPON THE S'S EMOTIONALITY. AFTER SHOWING THAT THE TRYON S1 STRAIN WAS MORE EMOTIONAL THAN THE S3 (AS MEASURED IN THE OPEN FIELD) AND THAT MALES OF EACH STRAIN WERE MORE EMOTIONAL THAN THEIR RESPECTIVE FEMALES, THE AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR OF THESE SS UNDER PLACEBO OR 20 OR 40 MG/KG OF AMOBARBITAL WAS SHOWN TO RELATE TO THE EMOTIONALITY DIFFERENCES. REGARDLESS OF WHETHER THE COMPARISON IS BETWEEN STRAINS OR SEXES, AT A MODERATE DOSAGE LEVEL THE HIGH EMOTIONAL GROUPS EMITTED MORE CONDITIONED AVOIDANCE RESPONSES (CARS) THAN LOW EMOTIONALS; AT A RELATIVELY HEAVY DOSAGE, THE DECREASE IN NUMBER OF CARS WAS MORE APPARENT IN THE LOW EMOTIONAL SS. THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT REGARDLESS OF THEIR SOURCE THE EMOTIONAL DIFFERENCES TEND TO RELATE TO DIFFERENTIAL DRUG EFFECTS IN A CONSISTENT AND PREDICTABLE MANNER. (FRENCH SUMMARY) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EFFECTS OF THE TYPE OF STIMULUS EMPLOYED AND THE LEVEL OF SUBJECT AWARENESS ON THE DETECTION OF DECEPTION.

COMPARED DETECTION OF PERSONAL MATERIAL WITH THAT OF NEUTRAL MATERIAL MADE RELEVANT ONLY IN THE EXPERIMENTAL CONTEXT. EACH OF 28 MALE UNDERGRADUATES ACTED AS AN ESPIONAGE AGENT TO CONCEAL PERSONAL IDENTITY AND CODE WORDS LEARNED. PERSONALLY RELEVANT MATERIAL WAS FOUND TO BE SIGNIFICANTLY MORE DETECTABLE THAN THE NEUTRAL MATERIAL, ALTHOUGH CONSEQUENCES OF DETECTION WERE THE SAME. THE STUDY ALSO PROVIDED EXPLORATORY DATA CONCERNING PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSIVITY TO LIE-DETECTION STIMULI WHEN SS WERE UNAWARE THAT RESPONSES WERE BEING MONITORED. WHILE THERE WAS NO EVIDENCE THAT DETECTION WAS INFERIOR UNDER THE NONAWARE CONDITION, DIFFICULTIES IN ACHIEVING A COMPLETELY CONVINCING NONAWARE SITUATION SUGGEST CAUTION IN GENERALIZATION. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

PERFORMANCE GOALS AS DETERMINANTS OF LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE AND BOREDOM.

2 PILOT STUDIES AND 4 EXPERIMENTS ARE REPORTED DEALING WITH THE RELATIONSHIP OF PERFORMANCE GOALS TO LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE AND DEGREE OF BOREDOM OR INTEREST IN THE TASK. TASKS USED INCLUDED SIMPLE ADDITION, PERCEPTUAL SPEED, AND PSYCHOMOTOR COORDINATION. TRIAL TIMES RANGED FROM 2 MIN-2 HR. IN THE 2 PILOT STUDIES POSTEXPERIMENTAL GOAL DESCRIPTIONS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY RELATED TO PERFORMANCE LEVEL, AND SS INDICATED THAT TRYING FOR A SPECIFIC GOAL OR SCORE WAS THE MAJOR SOURCE OF TASK INTEREST. IN THE 4 EXPERIMENTS A SPECIFIC HARD GOAL LED TO A HIGHER LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE AND MORE TASK INTEREST THAN A GOAL OF "DO YOUR BEST." THERE WAS NO CONSISTENT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHANGES IN BOREDOM OR INTEREST AND CHANGES IN PERFORMANCE WITHIN THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS. (20 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

EFFECT OF NURTURANCE ON WIVES' APPRAISALS OF THEIR MARITAL SATISFACTION AND THE DEGREE OF THEIR HUSBANDS' APHASIA.

IT WAS HYPOTHESIZED THAT: (1) THERE IS A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WIVES' DEGREE OF NURTURANCE (NEED TO GIVE AFFECTION AND CARE) AND THEIR PERCEPTION OF THE SEVERITY OF THEIR HUSBANDS' SPEECH DISABILITIES, (2) THERE WOULD BE A POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WIVES' NURTURANT NEEDS AND THEIR REPORTS OF MARITAL SATISFACTION, AND (3) WIVES WHO WERE HIGH IN NURTURANCE WOULD REPORT FULFILLING AFFECTIONAL ROLES AND WOULD REPORT SHARING ACTIVITIES WITH THEIR HUSBANDS MORE OFTEN THAN LOW-NURTURANT WIVES. SPEECH RATINGS WERE MADE ON THE FUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION PROFILE. MARITAL SATISFACTION WAS MEASURED BY A MARITAL ROLES AND ATTITUDES QUESTIONNAIRE, A NEED-SATISFACTION QUESTIONNAIRE, AND A MARITAL HAPPINESS SCALE. THE MAJOR HYPOTHESES WERE CONFIRMED WITH EXCEPTION OF THE FULFILLMENT OF AFFECTIONAL ROLES. HERE NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES WERE FOUND BETWEEN HIGH-NURTURANT AND LOW-NURTURANT GROUPS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

PUNCTUAL AND PROCRASTINATING STUDENTS: A STUDY OF TEMPORAL PARAMETERS.

PUNCTUAL AND PROCRASTINATING STUDENTS, SELECTED ON THE BASIS OF WHEN IN THE SEMESTER THEY MET A COURSE REQUIREMENT, WERE COMPARED ON A NUMBER OF TEMPORAL PARAMETERS. THE 2 GROUPS CONSISTED OF MALES SIMILAR IN AGE, EDUCATION, COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION BOARD SCORES, COLLEGE GRADES, AND EXTENT OF EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES. THE GROUPS DID NOT DIFFER SIGNIFICANTLY ON AUTHORITARIAN VALUES, MEASURES OF DIVERGENT THINKING, AND GENERAL INTELLIGENCE, BUT THEY DID DIFFER SIGNIFICANTLY ON SEVERAL MEASURES OF TEMPORAL PARAMETERS. PUNCTUAL SS HAD GREATER FUTURE TIME EXTENSION IN FANTASY PRODUCTIONS, REPORTED LESS PREOCCUPATION WITH DEATH, AND DID SIGNIFICANTLY BETTER ON THE WAIS PICTURE ARRANGEMENT, A SCALE ASSUMED TO ASSESS THE CAPACITY FOR ANTICIPATION AND PLANNING. THERE WAS ALSO A TREND (P