Synthesis and Characterization of the Inclusion Complex of β-cyclodextrin and Azomethine

A β-cyclodextrin (β-Cyd) inclusion complex containing azomethine as a guest was prepared by kneading method with aliquot addition of ethanol. The product was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, ¹H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (¹H NMR) and Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA), which proves the formation of the inclusion complex where the benzyl part of azomethine has been encapsulated by the hydrophobic cavity of β-Cyd. The interaction of β-Cyd and azomethine was also analyzed by means of spectrometry by UV-Vis spectrophotometer to determine the formation constant. The formation constant was calculated by using a modified Benesi-Hildebrand equation at 25 °C. The apparent formation constant obtained was 1.29 × 10⁴ L/mol. Besides that, the stoichiometry ratio was also determined to be 1:1 for the inclusion complex of β-Cyd with azomethine.     

Production and investigation of structure and properties of polyethylene–polylactide composites

Under conditions of shear deformations, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polylactide (PLA) composites are obtained in rotor disperser. The production of these composites allows one to use polymers derived from natural raw and to reduce the cost of the materials on their base. The addition of rigid PLA leads to increase in elastic modulus from 200 for LDPE to 1190 for LDPE–PLA (50:50 wt %) composites and in tensile strength from 13.3 for LDPE to 17.8 for LDPE–PLA. By differential scanning calorimetry method, it is shown that LDPE and PLA are incompatible. Using X-ray diffraction analysis, it is found that degree of crystallinity of composites decreases from 46.1 at 50:50 wt % to 36.9 at 80:20 wt % component ratios with the rise in LDPE content. Tests on fungus resistance show that the composites containing 50 wt % PLA are more resistant than the composites containing 30 wt % PLA. First by gel-permeation chromatography method, it is shown that composite degradation after exposure in soil is accompanied by the PLA chain scission and depolymerization with formation of monomers and dimers (M _w of PLA decreases from 118,860 to 80,100). The obtained composites can be applied as packaging materials. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47598.     

Investigation of Structure and Oxidation Behavior of Pitch and Resin Resultant Carbon

The structure and oxidation behaviors of pitch carbon,resin carbon and their mixture re-sultant carbon have been investigated.The results indicate that the pitch carbon has relative higher true specific gravity,well developed crystalline and better oxidation resistance than resin carbon,With 20%-35% resin added to pitch,the structure of the resultant carbon can be modified and oxidation resistance will be improved significantly.     

Characteristics and Application of Andalusite Material and Andalusite-Based Refractory

Andalusite material and Andalusite-based refractory are very popular in Europe and Japan, but its applications are restrained because of its low quality and misunderstanding in China. The paper introduced in detail the characteristics of andalusite material and andalusite-based refractory based on the authors‘ research work in recent years and on some references. Some information is illustrated clearly by figures and microstructure photographs. It is concluded the property of raw material and refractory is not determined by alumina content but by type and quantity of the impurities and microstructure.Mullitisation provide andalusite-based refractories more excellent macro and micro properties that guarantee itspopular application.     

Synthesis and Characterization of the Inclusion Complex of Dicationic Ionic Liquid and β-Cyclodextrin

The supramolecular structure of the inclusion complex of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with 1,1',2,2'-tetramethyl-3,3'-(p-phenylenedimethylene) diimidazolium dibromide (TetraPhimBr), a dicationic ionic liquid, has been investigated. The inclusion complex with 1:1 molar ratio was prepared by a kneading method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, (1)H NMR and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed the formation of the inclusion complex. The results showed that the host-guest system is a fine crystalline powder. The decomposition temperature of the inclusion complex is lower than that of its parent molecules, TetraPhimBr and β-CD individually.     

Compaction and shear failure of refractory mortars – effects of porosity and binder hardening

With the aim to correlate the global properties of refractory mortars with the micro-mechanical processes, a series of uni-axial compression and shear tests was conducted. The test program was developed with the view that the shear grain slip and cracks are frequent failure mechanism under compressive loads. The micro-structural changes during compression were monitored by X-ray micro focus computed tomography. Discrete element modelling was used to highlight the effects of individual factors of influence. Mortars with a water glass binder of different maturity were tested. In compression the mortars demonstrated cracking and pore closure. Shear tests showed that the failure process consists of multiple local failure events. The combined effects of the porosity and immature binder promote increased tendency for crack branching and arrest. This results in low shear strength and high compressibility. Cohesion and interlocking between the grains prevents crack branching and increases the stiffness and the strength.     

Compositions and Properties of Hydration-Resistant Coating of Magnesia-Calcia Materials

The complex coating on the MgO-CaO clinker was prepared by dipping method and adding the second mineral to restrain the formation and expansion of the craks.Meansohile,the microstructure and the morphology of the coating and hydration resistance of the MgO-CaO clinker were also investigated.The result shows that the coating consists mainly of Ca2P2O7,MgO and CaCO3,its thickness ranges from 5μm to 20μm,and the coating is dense and even,no micro-cracks are observed.Also,the coating adheres closely to the matrix.The hydration resistance of the MgO-CaO clinker after treatment is improved greatly,and the castables prepared with the treated MgO-CaO clinker have better physical properties than MgO castable.     

Design and optimization of purification process of sinomenine hydrochloride

Sinomenine hydrochloride is generally produced from Caulis Sinomenii. At present, the purification process in industrial production suffers from large amount of solid waste, high solvent toxicity, and low sinomenine hydrochloride yield. In this study, a new purification process for sinomenine hydrochloride was proposed by using the extract obtained from acid extraction of Caulis Sinomenii as the starting material.The process included the following steps: alkalization, extraction, water washing, ...     

Effect of Racemic and (+)- and (−)-Gossypol on the Survival and Development of Helicoverpa zea Larvae

Gossypol is a sesquiterpene that occurs naturally in seed and other parts of the cotton plant. Because of restricted rotation around the binaphthyl bond, it occurs naturally as enantiomeric mixtures with (+)-gossypol to (−)-gossypol ratios that vary between 97:3 and 31:69. Commercial cotton varieties (Gossypium hirsutum) normally exhibit an approximate 3:2 ratio. (+)-Gossypol is significantly less toxic than (−)-gossypol to nonruminant animals; thus, cottonseed containing high levels of (+)-gossypol might be safely fed to nonruminants. Gossypol, however, is an important component in the cotton plant's defense against insect herbivores, but it is not known how cotton plants that exhibit high levels of (+)-gossypol in the foliage might be affected by insect herbivory. To address this question, 1-d-old Helicoverpa zea larvae were fed diets with 0.16, 0.20, and 0.24% racemic, (+)-, and (−)-gossypol. Larval pupal weights, days-to-pupation, and survival were adversely affected by all gossypol diets compared with the control diet. Statistical differences were determined by comparing the compounds among themselves at the three levels and between the three compounds at the same level. When the compounds were compared among themselves, no large differences were observed in pupal weights or in days-to-pupation among any of the diets. Among the three compounds, at the 0.16% level, the diet containing racemic gossypol was the most effective at reducing survival. At the 0.20 and 0.24% levels of racemic (+)- and (−)-gossypol, survival was not statistically different. The overall results indicate that (+)-gossypol is as inhibitory to H. zea larvae as racemic or (−)-gossypol, and thus, cotton plants containing predominantly the (+)-enantiomer in foliage may maintain significant defense against insect herbivory.     

Preparation of π-conjugated polymers consisting of 2-decylbenzimidazole and thiophene units and chemical properties of the polymers

Polycondensation by Stille coupling of 2-decyl-4,7-dibromobenzimidazoles and N-methyl-2-decyl-4,7-dibromobenzimidazole with 2,5-bis(trimethylstannyl)thiophene and 5,5′-bis(trimethylstannyl)-2,2′-bithiophene gave the corresponding π-conjugated polymers, poly(2-decylbenzimidazole-4,7-diyl-thiophene-2,5-diyl) 1b, poly(2-decylbenzimidazole-4,7-diyl-bithiophene-2,5-diyl) 1c and poly(N-methyl-2-decylbenzimidazole-4,7-diyl-thiophene-2,5-diyl) 2b, in 98-99% yields. The polymers 1b and 2b were fully soluble in CF₃COOH, and partially soluble in DMF (about 60 and 40% for 1b and 2b, respectively) and NMP (about 70 and 40%, respectively). The NMP soluble part of 1b and DMF soluble part of 2b gave values of 0.36 and 0.24 dl g⁻¹ in NMP and DMF, respectively. The DMF soluble part of 1b, 1c and 2b showed absorption peaks at about 458, 465 and 388 nm, respectively, in DMF. In an alkaline medium the absorption peaks of 1b and 1c are shifted to a longer wavelength by 92-101 nm; the observed shifts in the acidic medium and alkaline medium were much larger than those observed with usual benzimidazoles with low molecular weights. Packing structures of 1b, 1c and 2b are discussed based on their XRD patterns.     

Inward and Outward Diffusion of Modifying Ions and its Impact on the Properties of Glasses and Glass–Ceramics

In this paper, we review our recent findings about both the cationic inward and outward diffusion processes in glasses and glass–ceramics caused by redox reactions. We provide new insights into these findings by mapping the diffusion depth, the thermal reduction temperature, and time in a three dimensional diagram and by looking into the correlation among the glass composition, structure, topology, and the diffusion process in the polyvalent elements containing glasses. We illustrate the link between glassy dynamics (via the liquid fragility index m) and activation energy of diffusion. Furthermore, the inward diffusion approach is used to study percolation phenomena in glass–ceramics. Finally, we show that the diffusion approaches are potential tools for tailoring the surface performances of bulk glasses and glass fibers.     

Effect of Addition of Al and Mg on properties of Periclase-Spinel-Carbon Brick

Periclase-spinel-carbon brick was made from sintered spinel,fused magnesia and flake graphite as principal raw materials,the influence of Mg/Al(w/w) ratio and the addition of Al,Mg in the matrix of periclas-spinel-carbon brikc on the carbonization and thermal expansion coeffi-cient and the weight los of the brick after heating at 1500℃ in a flowing stream of dry N2for 1.5 h have been studied.The results show that to control Mg/Al(w/w) ration and to add both Al and Mg appropriately can obvi-ously improve the properties of the bricks.     

Research and Practice of Technological Processes and Faciites of Refractory Fibre Manufactured in Resistane-heated Furnace

On the rinciple of correlation between the fluid movement and the visocsity,the flow rate of the melt through the nozzle is determined by the viscosity of aluminium silicate melt which can be controlled to reach the goal of the conntinumous melting and blowing in the resistance furnace and to prolong the furnac capaign,After the special type of N-L composite nozzle was applid to the furnace,per ton refractory fibre costs is reduced by 579 Yuan and the producivity increases by 80%,The effect of energy saving is striking,Alter the innovation of continuous melting and blowing resistance furnace production line for the aluminium silicate fibre,annual production cost of 580,000 Yuan has been saved the furnace campaign life increases by 5-8 times and the consistency and reliability of product quality have been greatly improved.     

Preparation and properties of dynamically vulcanised blends of isobutylene–isoprene rubber and isotactic polypropylene

Abstract

Dynamic vulcanisation was employed to prepare blends of isobutylene–isoprene rubber (IIR) and isotactic polypropylene (iPP) with superior properties. The preparation technology, the effects of the presence of IIR on the crystallisation properties of iPP and the mechanical properties of the IIR/iPP thermoplastic vulcanisates (TPVs) were investigated. It was revealed that, under regular shearing at 180°C, dynamic vulcanisation for 10 min produced IIR/iPP TPVs of excellent properties; while degradation occurred when the duration of vulcanisation was extended to 15 min. Incorporation of IIR into iPP dramatically reduced the size of the iPP spherulites, and thus decreased the melting temperature and the degree of crystallinity of the iPP. When the IIR content was 50 wt-%, maximally balanced mechanical properties of IIR/iPP TPVs were obtained with a Charpy impact strength of 53·6 kJ m^?2 and a tensile strength of 31·3 MPa.     

Research and Practice of Technological Processes and Facilities of Refractory Fibre Manufactured in Resistance-heated Furnace

On the principle of correlation between the fluidmovement and the viscosity, the flow rate of the meltthrough the nozzle is determined by the viscosity of alumini-um silicate melt which can be controlled to reach the goalof the continuous melting and blowing in the resistance fur-nace and to prolone the furnace campaign. After the spe-cial type of N-L composite nozzle was applied to the fur-     

Preparation and Characterization of Two-component Waterborne Poly-urethane Comprised of Water-soluble Acrylic Resin and HDI Biuret

A two-component waterborne polyurethane （2K-WPU） was prepared by mixing water-soluble acrylic resin and hexamethylene diisocyanate biuret, and then diluted for phase inversion with water. Compared with water-soluble acrylic resin, the phase inversion of 2K-WPU occurs at lower water content. It is indicated by TEM that 2K-WPU particles show a core-shell structure, in which HDI biuret is encapsulated by hydrophilic acrylic resin. 2K-WPU emulsion with HDI biuret has larger particle size and narrower distribution index, while for 2K-WPU emulsion with HDI isocyanurate, the latex not only has large particle size, but also has two-peak distribution. FTIR shows that the reaction between HDI biuret and acrylic resin can complete in 12h. In addition, studies on effect of composition of acrylic resin on performance of 2K-WPU show that narrowing the polar difference between water-soluble acrylic resin and HDI biuret and improving the miscibility of two components are the key to prepare the transparent and high gloss films with high crosslinking density.     

Aluminum Reduction and Nitridation of Bauxite

The application of bauxite with low Al2O3 content has been studied in this paper and β-SiAlON has been obtained from two kinds of bauxites (Al2O3 content 68.08 mass% and 46.30 mass% respectively) by aluminum reduction and nitridation method. The sequence of reactions has been studied using thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDS. Compared with carbon thermal reduction and nitridation of aluminosilicates employed presently, the reaction in the system of bauxite-Al-N2 occurs at lower temperature. β-SiAlON appears as one of the main products from 1573K and exists stably in the range of the present experimental temperature. The microstructure of β-SiAlON obtained at 1773 K is short column with 5-10μm observed by SEM.     

Characteristics and Problem of Chrome-containing Refractory

One of characteristics of Cr2O3-containing refractory is excellent corrosion resistance. However, there is a problem of hexavalent chromium, which is noxious to the human body, and easily formed by the reactions among the refractory and CaO, Na2O and/or K2O in slag. In this article, the reason why the Cr2O3-containing refractory has excellent corrosion resistance, the forming conditions of hexavalent compounds, and the methods for suppressing generation of the compound, are described as a base of further development of excellent refractories.