磁性Fe3O4/Ag复合纳米粒子制备与抗菌性能

采用箔-纤维-箔法和1150℃/150 MPa/30 min的真空热压工艺成功制备了SiCf/Ti-43Al-9V复合材料,并使用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及能谱仪对该复合材料微观组织的形成进行了研究.结果表明,制备过程中SiC纤维与TiAl基体合金发生反应,并形成一定厚度的反应层;基体组织为等轴晶,粒径约为8 μm,与原始合金组织相比明显细化;从反应层到远处的TiAl基体合金,基体合金的组织由全γ相转变为α2/γ片层组织、γ晶粒和晶间B2相的混合组织.其中全γ相区域的厚度为2～4 μm,并围绕纤维分布.根据Ti-Al-V相图、C原子和V原子的扩散,分析了这两个基体区域的形成机理,并结合热压成形过程中的塑性变形和变形储存能,解释了基体合金晶粒大小的变化.     

Rapid Biosynthesis of AgNPs Using Soil Bacterium <Emphasis Type="Italic">Azotobacter vinelandii</Emphasis> With Promising Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities for Biomedical Applications

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are applied in various fields from electronics to biomedical applications as a result of their high surface-to-volume ratio. Even though different approaches are available for synthesis of AgNPs, a nontoxic method for the synthesis has not yet been developed. Thus, this study focused on developing an easy and ecofriendly approach to synthesize AgNPs using Azotobacter vinelandii culture extracts. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were further characterized by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), energy-dispersive spectrum, particle size distribution (PSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). UV absorption noticed at 435 nm showed formation of AgNPs. The XRD pattern showed a face-centered cubic structure with broad peaks of ~28.2°, ~32.6°, ~46.6°, ~55.2°, ~57.9°, and ~67.8°. The FTIR confirmed the involvement of various functional groups in the biosynthesis of AgNPs. The PSD and TEM analyses showed spherical, well-distributed nanoparticles with an average size of 20–70 nm. The elemental studies confirmed the existence of pure AgNPs. The bacterial extract containing extracellular enzyme nitrate reductase converted silver nitrate into AgNPs. AgNPs significantly inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Streptomyces fradiae (National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM) 2419), Staphylococcus aureus (NCIM 2127), Escherichia coli (NCIM 2065), and Serratia marcescens (NCIM 2919). In addition, biosynthesized AgNPs were found to possess strong antioxidant activity. Thus, the results of this study revealed that biosynthesized AgNPs could serve as a lead in the development of nanomedicine.     

Research on a New Synthesis Technology of La-Mg-Ni System Alloys and Microstructure of La0.67Mg0.33Ni3.0 Alloys

在常温条件下,以硬脂酸银为前驱体,受阻酚为还原剂,三苯基磷为还原促进剂,采用超声化学法制备了银纳米粒子.考察影响银纳米粒子形成的实验因素,并利用透射电子显微镜、紫外可见吸收光谱及X射线衍射仪对银纳米粒子进行了表征.结果表明,在一定条件下所得银纳米粒子的平均粒径为6.8 nm,尺寸分布为6.2 nm至7.4 nm,具有良好的稳定性和均一性.溶剂蒸发后,银纳米粒子可形成二维有序纳米阵列.探讨了银纳米粒子的形成机理.     

Sodium alginate mediated route for the synthesis of monodisperse silver nanoparticles using glucose as reducing agents海藻酸钠为保护剂葡萄糖为还原剂合成单分散银纳米粒子

报道了一种在水溶液中的简单绿色法制备纳米银溶胶。硝酸银,海藻酸钠素,葡萄糖分别做为银源,保护剂和还原剂。纳米溶胶的颜色从无色变到黄色,表明生成了纳米银粒子。利用透射型电子显微镜（TEM）,紫外可见光谱（UV-vis）和X-射线衍射（XRD）对样品进行了分析。TEM图像表明,所得到的银纳米颗粒的为粒径较小,分散性较好的球状粒子,分布范围较窄,从3 nm 到12 nm。XRD结果表明所得到的纳米金属粒子为单晶的纳米银颗粒。通过UV光谱对反应时间、反应温度、银离子浓度及还原剂的浓度对粒径的影响进行了研究。由于该方法具有无污染、简单、廉价等优点,因此该方法可以做为一种较好的制备纳米银粒子的方法。该方法可以扩展到其它贵金属的技术应用,例如药用,工业应用等。     

Size dependence of the phase composition of silver nanoparticles formed by the electric explosion of a wire

Transmission electron microscopy, selected-area electron diffraction, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) have been used to determine the morphological and phase features of silver nanoparticles synthesized by a physical method of electric explosion of silver wires. In the nanoparticles obtained, the presence of a hexagonal phase was detected besides the cubic phase and the size dependence of the phase composition of the nanoparticles has been revealed; all particles smaller than 25 nm only had a hexagonal structure, particles with sizes of 25–30 nm contained both the hexagonal and cubic phases, and particles larger than 30 nm had only a cubic structure. Based on an analysis of the conditions of synthesis of silver nanoparticles, an attempt to explain the mechanism of the stabilization of the hexagonal phase depending on the particle size was undertaken.     

快速制备胶态银纳米粒子

通过紫外光与热激发协同作用于[Ag(NH3)2]+络合离子与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮水溶液,制备高浓度、粒径分布均匀的胶态银纳米粒子,并用紫外-可见吸收光谱对银纳米粒子的形核与增长过程进行监控。结果表明：所制得银纳米粒子的等离子共振吸收峰对应的波长大约为419 nm。TEM结果显示,大多数银纳米粒子为球形,其平均粒径约为1.32 nm,标准偏差只有0.53 nm。所得产物的pH值几乎是中性,这使得该银胶有着更广泛的应用。     

载银抗菌功能膜的制备和研究

介绍了1种制备新型载银抗菌功能膜的方法。首先制备阳极氧化初级膜，然后通过特殊的着色工艺把银添加到氧化膜中，最终获得了金黄色和棕色的抗菌膜。以大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为实验菌种，采取体外实验的方法，测试了试样的抗菌效果。通过实验发现，新制备的抗菌膜和在空气中存放24个月的抗菌膜，都具有良好的抗菌效果，而且所制备的抗菌膜具有好的颜色稳定性。对抗菌膜进行了扫描电镜、X射线光电子谱和俄歇电子谱的研究与分析，发现抗菌膜中存在多种以银元素的化合物。通过1个对比实验，计算了抗菌膜中的银量和银离子在不同介质中的释放速度。研究表明，这种工艺制备的抗菌膜具有可靠和高效的抗菌效果。     

桑叶提取液快速绿色合成单分散银纳米粒子

报道了一种在水溶液中的简单、快速、绿色制备5~15 nm纳米银溶胶的方法。以硝酸银为银源,桑叶提取液为还原剂和保护剂,没有利用其它的还原剂和保护剂,在常温下制备纳米银。纳米溶胶的颜色从浅黄色变到棕色,表明生成了纳米银粒子。利用紫外可见光谱(UV-vis),透射型电子显微镜(TEM),红外光谱(FT-IR)和X射线衍射(XRD)对样品进行了分析。结果表明所得到的银粒子为分散性较好、粒径较小、结晶度很高、被植物提取液包覆的球状纳米银颗粒。通过UV光谱对反应温度、反应时间、银离子浓度及提取液用量对粒径的影响进行了研究,提出了一种可能的反应机理。该方法可以扩展到用其它可再生的物质来制备贵金属纳米粒子。     

间接电还原法合成银纳米颗粒及纳米银粉的抗菌性能

利用Keggin结构的12-磷钨酸（PTA,下同）作为还原剂,采用间接电还原法还原硝酸银制备了银纳米颗粒,考察了12-磷钨酸与Ag+离子不同摩尔配比对Ag纳米颗粒大小的影响。用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)等手段对制备的银纳米颗粒的形貌、组分、粒径和相结构进行了表征。测试了银纳米颗粒对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌性能,结果表明,制备的Ag纳米颗粒的平均粒径随磷钨酸和硝酸银的摩尔比的减小而增大。纳米银对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌生长具有较好的抑制作用,且抗菌性能稳定。     

乙二醇水热还原法制备纳米银

利用乙二醇在高温下的还原特性,在水热条件下制备了纳米银粒子,并通过透射电镜、X射线衍射、紫外吸收光谱对其结构进行了表征.研究结果表明:所制备的纳米银具有面心立方相的多晶结构,平均粒径在30nm左右,紫外吸收峰的位置在380 nm左右.分散剂和体系中含水量对纳米银的粒径有一定影响.     

化学还原法制备纳米银颗粒及纳米银导电浆料的性能

采用化学还原法,在水相中,以硼氢化钠为还原剂,月桂酸为分散剂,通过还原银氨络合物溶液制备了纳米银胶体,之后通过调节胶体的pH值,分离出了纳米银颗粒。TEM和XRD分析表明,该纳米银颗粒的平均粒径大约为17 nm,集中分布于5～30 nm,且无明显的团聚现象;红外光谱分析表明该纳米银颗粒表面包覆有月桂酸,紫外光谱表明制得的纳米银胶体在397 nm处有较强的吸收峰。将分离出的湿纳米银颗粒作为功能相,加入预先配制的载体相中,运用机械搅拌和超声分散等手段,制得了纳米银导电浆料。热重分析表明该浆料含有约67%(质量分数)的金属银,在220℃下烧结2 h后,其电阻率为4.2×10-5Ω.cm。经微细笔直写后,其线条的分辨率可以达到60μm。     

纳米银溶胶的固液分离研究

以次磷酸钠液相还原法制备纳米银溶胶,通过添加试剂破坏银溶胶的稳定性,使银粒子产生聚沉或絮凝,分析了纳米银溶胶的稳定条件.考查了加入氨水的工艺条件对从银溶胶中过滤分离纳米银粉的影响,控制溶胶的pH范围可以得到不同粒度的纳米银.用有机碱性混合试剂可使溶胶中的银粒子絮凝,易于固液分离,干燥后的银粉经快速渗透剂T分散后,银粉的粒度小（10 nm～20 nm）、稳定性好.提供了从银溶胶中过滤纳米银粉的新方法,该方法工艺简单、对设备要求低、能耗小、银粉的收率高,易于实现工业化.试样经TEM分析发现,该法制备的纳米银粉粒度小（10nm～40 nm）,分散性好.XRD物相分析证实其为纯的金属银.     

Rauvolfia serpentina-Mediated Green Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles and Its Multidisciplinary Studies

Copper oxide nanoparticles(Cu O Nps) were successfully synthesized by solution combustion method using aqueous leaf extract of Rauvolfia serpentina as a fuel. The structure and morphology of the Cu O nanoparticles(Nps) were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD), UV–visible spectroscopy(UV–visible), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), etc. The PXRD patterns reveal the formation of monoclinic phase with crystallite structure. SEM images indicate that the particles have sponge-like structure being highly porous and agglomerated with large surface area. The average crystallite sizes were found to be in the range of 10–20 nm by Scherrer's method. The Cu O Nps size was further confirmed by TEM. Further, Cu O Nps exhibit good photocatalytic activity for the photodegradation of trypan blue dye, indicating that it acts as a promising semiconducting material. The antibacterial properties of Cu O nanoparticles were investigated against pathogenic bacterial strains, namely Gram-ve Escherichia coli(NCIM-5051) and Pseudomonas desmolyticum(NCIM-2028) and Gram ?ve bacteria Staphylococcus aureus(NCIM-5022) using the agar well diffusion method.     

Preparation of silver nanoparticle via active template under ultrasonic

1Introduction During the past several years,there has been a growing interest in the novel materials called nanomaterials that have a very high surface or interfacial area and exhibit dramatic changes in properties.Among them,metal nanoparticles have been…     

Ag/介孔CeO_2纳米复合材料的合成、表征及抗菌性能(英文)

利用改进的溶剂挥发诱导自组装法(EISA)制备高比表面积介孔CeO2,通过改进的乙二醇还原法,在得到的介孔CeO2中负载上不同量的银。采用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、能谱仪(EDS),N2吸附-脱附法方法对产物进行表征。由BJH方程计算得到材料的孔径分布,以BET法计算材料的比表面积。研究负载不同比例银纳米粒子的介孔CeO2的结构及其抗菌活性。实验表明所制备的新材料具有很好的抗菌性能。     

Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles by sonoelectrodeposition

Shaped silver nanoparticles with sphere, wire and dendrite were prepared by sonoelectrochemical deposition from an aqueous solution of AgNO3 in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt （EDTA） and polyvinylpyrrolidone （PVP）. The diameter of spherical silver particles was about 30 nm. The diameter of the silver nanowires was also about 30 nm and the length was 200-900 nm. The dendrites were synthesized with the concentration of silver solution increasing. Silver nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscope （TEM）, X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, scanning probe microscope （SPM） and UV-vis absorption spectrum. XRD patterns revealed that silver particles were of face-centered cubic structure. UV-vis absorption spectra indicated that different morphology and size of silver particles could influence the optical properties.     

Sensing of silver ions by nanotubular polyaniline film deposited on quartz-crystal in a microbalance

Nanotubular polyaniline film was deposited onto the electrode of the quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM). The film in the form of emeraldine base was exposed to a solution of silver nitrate. The reduction for silver ions took place and silver nanoparticles were produced at the film surface. The deposition of silver was monitored by using the QCM and the UV–vis spectroscopy. The morphology of the film before and after the silver deposition was studied by the scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Silver nanoparticles had sizes of about 50–120 nm and globular and triangular shape. X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure of the composite. The present approach could be used for noble-metal recovery in waste waters.     

Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Extracts of Allium sativum,Rosmarinus officinalis and Ocimum basilicum

ZnO nanoparticles(ZnO NPs) were synthesized by chemical method(coprecipitation) and biological method using aqueous extracts of garlic(Allium sativum),rosemary(Rosmarinus officinalis) and basil(Ocimum basilicum).The influence of plant extract on the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of green synthesized nanoparticles was investigated.The X-ray diffraction studies reveal that all ZnO samples have hexagonal wurtzite structure.The particle size of ZnO NPs estimated by transmission electron microscopy analysis(between 14 and 27 nm) varies depending on the synthesis method of nanoparticles and the type of extracts from the plants used.The functional groups involved in the biosynthetic procedure were evidenced by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The presence of Mn~(2+)ions,Zn vacancy complexes and oxygen vacancies in ZnO samples was highlighted by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.The green synthesized ZnO NPs have shown a good bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis,Listeria monocytogenes,Escherichia coli,Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial strains.ZnO NPs synthesized using extracts of the selected plant species have been found to exhibit more enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant activities as compared to chemical ZnO NPs.     

生物医用钛表面热还原银微纳米颗粒研究

目的尝试改进生物医用钛的常用碱热处理表面改性方法,使钛不仅具有生物活性,而且具有抗菌性能。方法将纯钛片磨光和清洗,在60 2.5 mol/L Na O℃H溶液中进行碱液处理后,分别在0.2、1、5、20mmol/L硝酸银溶液中浸渍,然后把未浸渍和浸渍的试样在600℃热处理1 h,采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和X射线光电子能谱分析膜层的成分和结构,评价试样的抗菌性能和生物活性。结果在浓度≥1 mmol/L硝酸银溶液中浸渍制备的试样,检测到单质银的X射线衍射峰。扫描电镜观察表明,随着硝酸银浓度的升高,银颗粒从约100 nm增加到1.5μm以上;钛酸钠凝胶层和银颗粒具有较好的附着性。X射线光电子能谱分析检测到金属银和少量银化合物。抗菌实验和模拟体液实验表明,随着硝酸银浓度的升高,试样的抗菌活性升高,但生物活性下降。结论碱液-硝酸银溶液浸渍-热处理方法改善了钛的生物活性和抗菌性能,这为钛基硬组织植入体的表面改性提供了一种简便方法。     

载银磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子的制备与催化及抗菌性能的研究

利用磁性纳米粒子Fe3O4表面的聚多巴胺 (PDA) 对银离子的吸附作用,采用种子诱导法制备了载银磁性纳米粒子 (PDA-Fe3O4@Ag)。采用UV-Vis (紫外-可见) 光谱对PDA-Fe3O4@Ag纳米粒子的制备过程进行了分析,采用FTIR (红外光谱)、XRD (X射线衍射仪)、TEM (透射电镜) 和VSM (振动样品磁强计) 等手段对所得的PDA-Fe3O4@Ag粒子进行表征;研究了PDA-Fe3O4@Ag对4-硝基苯酚还原反应的催化作用,还测试了其抗菌性能。结果表明,纳米金种子的存在是制备PDA-Fe3O4@Ag纳米粒子的关键;在外加磁场作用下该磁性催化剂可以容易地从反应体系中分离,经多次循环使用后仍具有良好的催化性能;此外PDA-Fe3O4@Ag纳米粒子具有杀菌性能,且经磁分离回收循环利用5次后仍呈现对金黄色葡萄球菌较好的杀菌效果。