复杂两相流动对底部排气弹底部减阻性能影响的数值分析

借助于稀颗粒假定下的双流体简化模型,采用具有高精度、高分辨率数值方法,研究了轴对称底部排气弹弹底混合绕射的复杂两相流动,得到了平衡两相流中颗粒相浓度大小对底排弹减阻性能影响的规律,与实验比较,两相流劝状态比单相气体流动状态更接近于实际情况。     

超音速射流流场中湍流模型

为了确定适用于超音速射流流场数值模拟的湍流模型,首先从理论上分析常用的五种湍流模型之间的差异及其适用范围;其次,采用五种湍流模型,分别对不同马赫数下超音速射流流场进行数值模拟,将数值模拟结果与实测值和理论值进行对比分析.结果表明:剪切压力传输k--ω模型与其他模型相比,通过对输运方程的修正,保证其在计算射流流场时具有较高的准确性;在喷管内部和外部射流流场的模拟中,剪切压力传输k--ω模型的计算结果与理论值和实测值具有较高的吻合度,在五种湍流模型中最适合于超音速射流流场的数值模拟研究.     

湍流模型在折流板换热器壳侧结构优化中的应用

研究不同湍流模型在换热器流场和传热计算中的适用性,分别采用Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型、标准k-ε湍流模型和可实现k-ε湍流模型计算换热器在不同入口速度下的出口温度、换热系数等参数.将3种湍流模型的CFD计算结果与Bell-Delaware理论计算值进行对比可知,Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型的换热器性能数值计算存在明显缺陷,可实现k-ε湍流模型的换热器CFD较其他两种湍流模型的更为适用.将适用性较好的可实现k-ε湍流模型进行CFD数值模拟,模拟结果表明挡切率为25%时换热器性能最佳.     

湍流模型对结晶器内流场数值模拟结果的影响

以Fluent 6.3为计算平台,采用数值模拟的方法研究了5种常用湍流模型对电磁制动下连铸板坯结晶器内钢液流动计算结果的影响,并与水模型和实测结果进行了对比.结果表明:标准κ-ε和低雷诺数κ-ε模型的计算结果与实际流场较为接近,而重整化群κ-ε和剪切应力输运κ-ω模型与实际流场相差较远.不同湍流模型计算得到的弯月面形状...     

轴流泵水力模型内部流场数值模拟

基于Reynolds时均N-S方程,采用标准k-ε湍流模型,压力、速度耦合使用SIMPLEC算法,离散采用具有二阶精度的隐式格式差分,对轴流泵过流部件内部流场进行三维定常湍流数值模拟,得到泵内流动的速度和压力矢量分布图,以及其他一些流动的信息.数值模拟结果表明,设计工况下的流场分布和流态总体较好,但叶轮叶片背面进口靠近轮缘处出现局部低压,导叶外壁区域负荷大,说明该轴流泵水力模型还有进一步改进和对其性能进一步提高的必要.     

街谷结构内流场和污染浓度场的数值模拟研究

从三维尺度出发,对6种不同几何尺寸的街谷结构内流场和污染浓度场进行了数值模拟.流场计算模型采用Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型,污染物浓度场采用与流场耦合的对流扩散方程模拟,采用有限元方法离散微分方程.模拟结果表明,街谷结构的几何尺寸对其中流场和污染场的分布有很大的影响.宽度较小,高度较大的街谷结构内流场较复杂,污染物在其中比较不容易扩散.本文对不同街谷结构内流场和污染物浓度场的分布进行了对比分析,对城市规划设计、城市气候以及城市空气质量控制等领域具有重要意义.     

旋流快分器内气相流场的实验与数值模拟研究

用智能型五孔探针对催化裂化沉降器带筒状物的旋流快分系统(在旋流头上插入了一个筒状物)内的气体流场进行了测试。应用CFX软件,采用应力输运方程模型对系统内气相流场进行了三维数值模拟,以考察适合该旋流快分系统内流场模拟的湍流模型。结果表明,模拟结果与实验数据吻合较好,应力输运方程模型适用于带筒状物的旋流快分器内三维流场的数值模拟。系统内流场为三维湍流场,内插一个筒状物后,消除了旋流头喷出口附近的短路流,更有利于提高旋流快分器的分离效率,但在内插筒状物的底部附近还存在短路流现象。     

轴流压气机三维流场数值模拟

使用商业软件Numeca对某型轴流压气机进行三维数值模拟计算,采用Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型,运用隐式残差光顺法、多重网格法以及当地时间步长加速收敛技术缩短计算周期,得出了设计转速下的特性曲线,在此基础上进一步改变压气机出口参数来分析压气机叶轮发生失速喘振的原因,这对防止压气机失稳非常重要.然后对压气机内部流场进行了详细分析,得出了轴流压气机转子内部的流动参数分布规律,并指出造成压气机效率及压比损失的原因.     

单总管排气系统多维非定常湍流数值模拟

采用任意拉格朗日－欧拉法,对柴油机三缸排气管进行二维非定常湍流数值模拟。湍流模型采用亚网格尺度模型,入口边界的流动随排气相位变化。     

近空间高超声速弹箭气动数值模拟

针对近空间高超声速飞行弹箭气动力、气动热问题,采用Spalart-Allmaras(SA)湍流模型和热完全气体模型,运用时间相关有限体积方法及AUSM~+格式对三维非定常可压缩流体Navier-Stokes方程进行了数值模拟.再现了超高速条件下弹箭周围的复杂流动现象,得到热流分布规律,为进一步近空间超高速弹箭研究奠定了基础.计算结果表明阻力系数随着攻角的变化显著变大;弹箭尾翼气动加热很严重,弹箭尾翼变大时气动加热量明显增大,在设计弹箭时应引起足够重视.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-