低场强磁共振在膝关节软骨损伤的诊断价值

目的探讨低场四肢专用MR对膝关节软骨损伤的诊断价值。方法收集我院经关节镜证实膝关节软骨损伤79例,全部病例均行低场强四肢专用MRI常规检查,对照分析膝关节软骨损伤的MRI表现和关节镜结果。结果低场MRI对软骨损伤诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为84%、86%、85%。结论低场四肢专用MRI对膝关节软骨损伤诊断有一定价值。     

滑膜间充质干细胞修复膝关节软骨损伤的应用与进展

背景：膝关节软骨损伤后很难愈合,是临床上亟需解决的重要课题。目的：总结滑膜间充质干细胞在膝关节软骨损伤治疗上的优越性。方法：用英文主题词“Knee Joint, Cartilage, Synovial Membrane, Tissues, Injuries, Repair”在PubMed数据库中检索2005年8月至2015年8月文献总共625篇。采纳并分析滑膜间充质干细胞治疗膝关节软骨损伤文献48篇。排除其他非滑膜间充质干细胞及非膝关节软骨损伤治疗的相关文章,保留35篇文章进行综述。结果与结论：应用滑膜间充质干细胞治疗膝关节软骨损伤,能够获得更加理想的治疗效果,损伤组织本身固有的间充质干细胞是修复损伤组织的最佳种子细胞。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

软骨修复材料在运动性膝关节软骨损伤修复中的作用

背景：评价软骨修复材料在膝关节软骨损伤修复中的效果,为医务、科研工作者的研究提供一定的借鉴。 方法：采用电子检索的方式,在万方数据库(http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/)中检索2000-01/2011-03关于修复材料在膝关节软骨损伤研究的文章,关键词为“生物材料;关节软骨;缺损;修复”。排除重复研究、普通综述或Meta分析类文章,筛选纳入26篇文献进行评价。 结果：膝关节软骨损伤在运动性损伤中较为常见,现在主要的治疗方法是自体骨软骨移植修复膝关节软骨缺损。新型的软骨替代材料研究仍处于动物试验阶段,且在动物体内长期疗效及远期的生物力学变化还未有进一步的证实,进入临床试验更需要一个过程。 结论：关节软骨损伤修复的基础研究与临床治疗,虽仍存在许多重点和难点问题亟待探索,但关节软骨损伤修复正从生物材料移植向人工再造活性软骨的崭新阶段迈进。随着各种新型材料的研制和开发,关节软骨损伤修复研究将日益完善,并为临床奠定坚实的基础,应用前景十分广阔。     

干细胞在软骨再生中的应用

<正>软骨损伤是最常见的膝关节疾病之一。由于软骨无血管、神经、淋巴组织,营养成分主要来自膝关节的滑液,这些组织学的特点使得软骨损伤的自我修复能力极为有限。创伤性的软骨损伤和早期的骨性关节炎(OA)会引起患者关节的疼痛和肿胀,若损伤不予处理则会加速关节的退变,引起更严重的功能障碍。软骨损伤以及后续的关节退变给患者     

内侧副韧带不同程度损伤时膝关节的应力变化

背景：膝关节内侧副韧带损伤易导致继发性的半月板及软骨损伤,长期慢性损害会引起骨关节炎的发生。目前,关于内侧副韧带断裂所致半月板及关节软骨损伤的力学研究较少。目的：探讨膝关节内侧副韧带不同程度损伤对膝关节半月板及软骨生物力学的影响。方法：选择一名健康志愿者行膝关节CT和MRI检查,获取其影像资料,将扫描数据依次导入Mimics、Geomagic及Solidworks软件,经配准融合后建立正常膝关节三维模型,并在此基础上模拟出膝关节内侧副韧带不同程度损伤的模型,共分为4组,包括：(1)内侧副韧带完整;(2)内侧副韧带深层断裂;(3)内侧副韧带浅层断裂;(4)内侧副韧带完全断裂。最后导入Ansys软件,对膝关节施加3种模式载荷：(1)股骨顶端施加10 N·m外翻力矩;(2)股骨顶端施加4 N·m内旋力矩;(3)股骨顶端施加4 N·m外旋力矩。分析4组模型在不同载荷下对膝关节生物力学的影响。结果与结论：(1)在膝关节伸直位,对膝关节施加10 N·m外翻力矩时,内侧副韧带不同程度损伤后外侧半月板总体应力均增加,关节软骨应力变化不明显,并且当内侧副韧带浅层出现断裂后外侧半月板应力峰值明显增大;(2...     

关节镜下可吸收软骨钉治疗膝关节骨软骨损伤

背景：关节软骨骨折的手术治疗是骨关节外科常见难题,骨软骨骨折块缺乏有效的固定物,各种治疗方法的疗效也缺乏长期临床观察。 目的：探讨关节软骨损伤在关节镜下采用可吸收软骨钉固定治疗的临床疗效。 方法：纳入19例膝关节骨软骨缺损患者,在关节镜下修整损伤区及骨软骨骨折块以自身增强聚丙烯可吸收软骨钉固定,内固定后24 h拔出负压引流管,抗生素预防感染不超过48 h,充分镇痛条件下持续被动活动关节,膝关节铰链支具固定6周后完全负重行走。 结果与结论：19例患者均获得3个月-2年随访,平均13.2个月。修复后患者2周-3个月恢复社会活动。膝关节Lysholm评分为(83.25±5.63)分,tegner运动评级6.1±0.87,修复前后配对t检验,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。说明膝关节骨软骨损伤采用可吸收软骨钉固定可有效固定脱落的骨软骨块,促进软骨修复,改善膝关节功能。     

豨莶草调控sirt1 / FOXO1 通路对膝骨关节炎大鼠软骨损伤的影响

目的:探讨豨莶草调控sirt1/FOXO1通路对膝骨关节炎大鼠软骨损伤的影响。方法:SD大鼠随机分组为对照组、模型组、豨莶草(2 g/kg)组、尼克酰胺(NA,sirt1抑制剂,剂量:100 mg/kg)组、豨莶草+尼克酰胺组(豨莶草为2 g/kg,NA为100 mg/kg)。除对照组外,其余各组以改良伸直位固定法建立膝骨关节炎大鼠模型,按组别分别以药物处理后,测量各组大鼠膝关节宽度、被动活动度;检测各组大鼠压痛阈值、热痛阈值;以苏木精-伊红染色(HE)观察各组大鼠膝关节软骨病理损伤情况,进行Mankin′s评分;以酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)试剂盒检测各组大鼠血清中IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、软骨寡聚基质蛋白(COMP)水平;以蛋白免疫印迹法检测各组大鼠膝关节软骨组织sirt1、FOXO1、acely-FOXO1蛋白表达。结果:与对照组相比,模型组大鼠膝关节宽度、Mankin′s评分、血清中IL-1β、TNF-α及COMP水平、膝关节软骨组织中acely-FOXO1升高(P0.05),膝关节被动活动度、压痛阈值、热痛阈值、膝关节软骨组织中sirt1蛋白表达降低(P0.05)。与模型组相比,豨莶草组大鼠膝关节宽度、Mankin′s评分、血清中IL-1β、TNF-α及COMP水平、膝关节软骨组织中acely-FOXO1降低(P0.05),膝关节被动活动度、压痛阈值、热痛阈值、膝关节软骨组织中sirt1蛋白表达升高(P0.05);NA组大鼠膝关节宽度、Mankin′s评分、血清中IL-1β、TNF-α及COMP水平、膝关节软骨组织中acely-FOXO1升高(P0.05),膝关节被动活动度、压痛阈值、热痛阈值、膝关节软骨组织中sirt1蛋白表达降低(P0.05)。与豨莶草组相比,豨莶草+NA组大鼠膝关节宽度、Mankin′s评分、血清中IL-1β、TNF-α及COMP水平、膝关节软骨组织中acely-FOXO1升高(P0.05),膝关节被动活动度、压痛阈值、热痛阈值、膝关节软骨组织中sirt1蛋白表达降低(P0.05)。与NA组相比,豨莶草+NA组大鼠膝关节宽度、Mankin′s评分、血清中IL-1β、TNF-α及COMP水平、膝关节软骨组织中acely-FOXO1降低(P0.05),膝关节被动活动度、压痛阈值、热痛阈值、膝关节软骨组织中sirt1蛋白表达升高(P0.05)。结论:豨莶草可通过上调sirt1表达,下调FOXO1乙酰化水平,减轻膝骨关节炎大鼠软骨损伤。     

膝关节半月板损伤与骨髓基质干细胞

背景：骨髓基质干细胞移植是解决软骨组织缺损最有前景的手段之一,骨髓基质干细胞也成为软骨组织修复应用较广泛的重要种子细胞。 目的：分析骨髓基质干细胞在半月板损伤和软骨损伤方面的应用情况,为膝关节半月板损伤的修复和治疗提供理论参考。 方法：由第一、二作者共同检索1997/2011PubMed数据库及清华同方数据库,中文关键词为“骨髓间充质干细胞,膝关节半月板损伤”,英文关键词为“bone marrow stromal cells;knee joint meniscus injury”。纳入骨髓基质干细胞修复膝关节半月板损伤的相关文献26篇进行分析。 结果与结论：骨髓基质干细胞在治疗和修复膝关节半月板损伤方面具有独到的优势,包括其损伤面较小,方便易行,没有后遗症,并克服了切除半月板引起的形态和生物功能的改变,避免了因异体材料移植引起的膝载荷传导紊乱和晚期骨性关节炎发病的可能,与保留半月板修复其功能的临床治疗理念较为接近,并成为当前和今后治疗与修复膝关节半月板损伤的新思路。在其修复治疗的过程中,其关键问题在于一方面如何获得大量纯化的骨髓基质干细胞并在体外定向诱导为半月板软骨表型的细胞,另一方面是诱导分化的确切机制研究。关键词：骨髓基质干细胞;膝关节;半月板损伤;康复;诱导分化 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.14.029     

结缔组织生长因子在幼年兔关节软骨全层缺损修复中的表达及意义

目的:探讨结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)在幼年兔膝关节软骨全层缺损修复过程中的表达及意义。方法:采用兔膝关节股骨关节面全层软骨缺损自我修复模型,25只幼年新西兰白兔,随机分为5组(每组5只):对照组、损伤24 h组、1周组、4周组、8周组。应用RT-PCR技术和免疫组化技术分别检测CTGF mRNA和蛋白在修复过程中的表达。结果:幼年兔关节软骨全层损伤后自我修复良好。各组检测均见CTGF mRNA表达,损伤后各组表达水平显著高于对照组(P0.05)。免疫组化显示各组软骨细胞均有CTGF蛋白表达,阳性表达主要集中在软骨的中间带及深层带。结论:幼年兔关节软骨全层缺损自我修复过程伴有显著的CTGF表达上调,CTGF可能在关节软骨修复中发挥重要作用。     

膝关节软骨损伤的治疗进展

[摘要]膝关节具有多样且复杂的运动形式,是人体承重最大的关节,最易导致关节软骨损伤。由于其再生修复的能力很弱,故其损伤后很难自身修复,进而导致骨关节炎的发生。膝关节软骨损伤后目前主要有以下的手术治疗方式：①自体骨软骨移植技术（马赛克移植技术）;②同种异体骨软骨移植技术;③自体软骨细胞移植; ④合成或生物支架植入（组织工程技术）;⑤微骨折技术;⑥粉碎软骨修复技术;⑦生物制剂辅助治疗。通过选择性运用上述治疗可以在短期内改善临床症状,延迟或者避免行关节置换手术,本文将对其一一进行综述。     

Post-traumatic Osteoarthritis in Rabbits Following Traumatic Injury and Surgical Reconstruction of the Knee

Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) of the knee is often attributed to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscus injury. The development of PTOA, however, does not seem to depend on whether or not the damaged ACL is reconstructed. There has been a need to develop animal models to study the mechanisms of PTOA following reconstruction of a traumatized knee. Eighteen rabbits underwent closed-joint trauma to produce ACL rupture and meniscus damage. Then, for the first time, the traumatized knee was surgically repaired in this animal model. Upon euthanasia at 1-, 3- or 6-month post-trauma, joint stability, cartilage morphology and mechanical properties, as well as histology of the cartilage and subchondral bone were evaluated. Trauma-induced knee injury involved 72% mid-substance ACL rupture, 28% partial ACL tear and 56% concurrent medial meniscal damage. ACL reconstruction effectively restored joint stability by reducing joint laxity to a level similar to that in the contralateral intact knee. Compared to their contralateral controls, reconstructed limbs showed osteoarthritic changes to the cartilage and subchondral bone as early as 1-month post-trauma. The degeneration progressed over time up to 6-month. Overall, the medial compartments had more tissue damage than their corresponding lateral counterparts. Damage patterns to the ACL, the frequency of observed concurrent meniscal injury, and reductions in cartilage integrity and health were consistent with clinical observations of human patients who undergo ACL injury and reconstruction. Thus, we believe the combined closed-joint injury and surgical repair lapine model of PTOA, being first-ever and clinically relevant, shows promise to evaluate well-targeted therapeutics and other interventions for this chronic disease.

     

创伤后膝骨关节炎发展中前交叉韧带损伤的作用与意义#br#

文题释义： 创伤后骨关节炎：又称外伤性骨关节炎、损伤性骨关节炎,它是由创伤引起的以关节软骨的退化变性和继发的关节周围骨质增生为主要病理变化,以关节疼痛、活动障碍为主要临床表现的一种疾病。任何年龄组均可发病,但以青壮年多见,多发于创伤后、承重失衡及活动负重过度的关节。 前交叉韧带损伤：一般出现在体育运动中,橄榄球、篮球、足球、滑雪等项目尤其多见。除了膝关节与他人碰撞致伤外,78%的前交叉韧带损伤为非接触性,常发生于落地、急停及暴力扭转等动作。足球运动中,移位防守以及奔跑中踢球相对危险;篮球运动中,侧跳转身以及单腿落地相对危险;在滑雪运动中滑雪板前端受阻时,膝关节外翻旋转,是较为典型的前交叉韧带非接触性损伤机制。 背景：前交叉韧带具有稳定膝关节、限制胫股关节在胫骨前平移和旋转的作用,大多数前交叉韧带重建患者膝关节疼痛和膝关节不稳的概率增加。创伤后膝骨关节炎是前交叉韧带损伤后的严重并发症,目前其机制尚不完全清楚。 目的：综述前交叉韧带损伤与创伤后膝骨关节炎发病因素之间的关系,从而为创伤后膝骨关节炎的治疗提供帮助。 方法：第一作者应用计算机检索PubMed数据库自建库以来至2019年10月的相关文章,英文检索词“ACL injury,traumatic knee osteoarthritis,ACL reconstruction,meniscus status,body mass index,cartilage injury,age,graft selection,time interval between injury and surgery”。共检索到123篇相关文献,66篇文献符合纳入标准。 结果与结论：①半月板状态、体质量指数、软骨损伤、年龄、移植物选择、受伤与手术之间的时间间隔这些因素会对创伤后膝骨关节炎的发展产生影响;②虽然前交叉韧带重建主要是恢复前交叉韧带断裂后的稳定性,该过程的一个长期目标是降低膝关节骨关节炎产生的风险,并维持关节长期处于健康状态;③患者前交叉韧带断裂后伴随半月板损伤需要进行半月板切除也是导致膝骨关节炎的原因,这很可能是由于关节的承受力减弱和关节运动学改变所致。 ORCID: 0000-0001-9413-439X(韩广弢) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

Occupational activity is associated with knee cartilage morphology in females

Introduction

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and disability in women, becoming a major health problem in mid to later life. A better understanding of factors contributing to deleterious structural knee changes may be important for preventing OA. In men, occupations associated with frequent knee bending have been shown to be associated with damage to knee cartilage. This has not been examined in women. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of occupational specific knee activities on tibial and patella cartilage morphology among healthy females.

Methods

96 females aged 26–62 years with no history of knee injury or symptoms were recruited as part of a study of community-based study of lifestyle factors on knee health. Occupational activity data examining the frequency of tasks such as heavy lifting, knee bending, stair climbing, walking and standing were obtained by questionnaire. Tibial and patella cartilage volumes and defects were measured from magnetic resonance imaging using validated methods.

Results

Heavy lifting/bending/squatting, knee bending, stair climbing and walking were all associated with an increased risk of patella, but not tibial, cartilage defects (odds ratio 1.8–2.9; p ≤ 0.05) after adjustment for potential confounders, including knee alignment and radiographic joint space narrowing. There was a trend towards knee bending being associated with a reduction in patella cartilage volume (p = 0.07).

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that asymptomatic adult females with occupations requiring frequent knee bending have patella, but not tibial cartilage damage. These findings suggest that vocational tasks requiring knee bending are detrimental to the structure of cartilage in females and may be an area to consider in the prevention of knee OA.     

Individual and cumulative measures of knee joint load associate with T2 relaxation times of knee cartilage in young,uninjured individuals: A pilot study

BackgroundArticular cartilage structure and chondrocyte health are sensitive and reliant on dynamic joint loading during activities. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the association between measures of individual and cumulative knee joint loading with T2 relaxation times in the knee cartilage of young individuals without knee injury.MethodsTwelve participants (17–30 years old) without history of knee injury or surgery completed MRI, physical activity (PA), and biomechanical gait testing. T2 relaxation times were calculated in the cartilage within the patella and lateral and medial compartments. Accelerometry was used to measure mean daily step counts, minutes of PA, and % sedentary time over 7 days. Vertical ground reaction force, external knee joint moments and peak knee flexion angle were measured during stance phase of gait using three-dimensional motion capture. Cumulative knee joint loading was calculated as daily step count by external knee joint moment impulse. The relationship between measures of knee joint loading and T2 relaxation times was assessed using Pearson correlations.ResultsHigher T2 relaxation times in the femoral and tibial cartilage were consistently correlated to greater body mass, daily step counts, moderate and vigorous PA, and peak knee joint moments (r = 0.10–0.84). Greater cumulative knee flexion and adduction loading was associated with higher T2 relaxation times in the femoral and tibial cartilage (r = 0.16–0.65).ConclusionPreliminary findings suggest that individual loading factors and cumulative knee joint loading are associated with higher T2 relaxation times in the articular cartilage of young, healthy knees.     

女性全身关节过度活动患者跳深着陆时膝关节应力分析

目的 分析全身关节过度活动(generalized joint hypermobility, GJH)女性患者与健康女性在跳深着陆中膝关节软骨、半月板von Mises应力分布差异。方法 采集女性GJH患者与女性健康受试者在跳深着陆缓冲阶段垂直地面反作用力(vertical ground reaction force, VGRF)峰值时刻的膝关节运动学与地面反作用力特征,通过逆动力学计算膝关节反作用力,并将膝关节沿股骨长轴方向的合力作为载荷;基于1名女性膝关节三维有限元模型,分别对2组受试者跳深着陆过程进行数值仿真,计算膝关节软骨与半月板von Mises应力及应力分布。结果 在跳深着陆VGRF峰值时刻,GJH组和对照组膝关节屈曲、外翻角度具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相比于对照组,GJH组膝关节屈曲角度降低、外翻角度增加;在跳深着陆中,GJH组膝关节内部承受应力更大且胫股关节内、外侧室负重区应力分布不均衡,其股骨软骨外侧髁外侧、外侧胫骨软骨前部/中部外侧以及外侧半月板前角、体部外侧缘为应力集中部位。结论 女性GJH患者因膝关节活动范围增大、关节囊松弛,导致在跳跃类项目中膝关节...     

兔关节软骨损伤生物标志物的蛋白质组学检测*

背景：采用蛋白质组学的方法可以检测出关节、血液、尿液等体液中一些能反映关节软骨损伤程度的特异性标志物的水平。 目的：进一步验证采用生物芯片技术发现兔关节软骨损伤生物标志物。 方法：采用改良的Hulth方法建立兔关节软骨损伤模型,建模后自由活动,不固定伤肢。30 min/d分2次驱赶,连续12周。以不做任何处理兔膝关节为正常对照。并在造模后0,4,8,12周时采取部分标本(血清、关节液),验证观察关节软骨的损伤程度;各个时间点的动物关节液、血清样本放入采用PBSⅡ-C型蛋白质芯片阅读机,采用CM10芯片检测。 结果与结论：改良的Hulth造模方法建立膝关节软骨损伤模型,比较全面地反映了关节软骨损伤从早、中、晚、失代偿各期的变化。与正常对照组相比,血清学样品：模型组3 475 蛋白表达下调,7 558,15 475,33 665蛋白表达上调;关节液样品：模型组7 558,33 278蛋白表达下调,3 950,16 055蛋白表达上调;质核比3 475,7 558,16 884为血清学和关节液样本共有差异蛋白质谱波峰显著蛋白。结果提示样本中出现的部分差异蛋白质可能为关节软骨损伤的生物标志物。      

膝关节参数在膝前疼痛中的意义

背景：膝关节参数如合适角异常对于膝前疼痛有统计学意义已在CT测量下证实,但是没有在临床手术实践中证实。 目的：通过对膝前疼痛患者髌骨X射线轴位片上的合适角、髌股指数、外侧髌股角、倾斜角等参数的测量,分析这些参数对膝前疼痛的诊断价值。 方法：纳入不同程度髌股关节软骨损伤的膝前痛患者50例患者的50个膝关节,测量髌骨X射线轴位片上合适角、髌股指数、外侧髌股角、倾斜角参数,同时与50例无膝前痛仅存在半月板损伤的50个膝关节进行比较。 结果与结论：髌骨X射线轴位片的合适角及髌股指数、倾斜角对于膝前疼痛有显著性差异,外侧髌股角无显著性差异。髌骨X射线轴位片的合适角、髌股指数对由髌股关节紊乱导致的膝前疼痛患者有重要的诊断治疗价值,是对髌股关节紊乱具有临床意义的有效参数。     

Skyline patellofemoral radiographs can only exclude late stage degenerative changes

Accurate preoperative assessment of the patellofemoral joint is especially important in compartment specific knee arthritis. This study aims to show the actual intraoperative grade of patellofemoral cartilage damage that may be reliably detected or excluded by preoperative standard radiographic views.100 consecutive knees awaiting arthroplasty underwent preoperative lateral and skyline radiographs and were scored using the Ahlback score. Intraoperative cartilage damage was assessed using the Collins score. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each grade of cartilage damage. Preoperative anterior knee pain and function were assessed and correlated to the degree of cartilage damage.The lateral radiograph shows poor sensitivity for all grades of disease (0.05-0.23). The skyline shows good sensitivity for grade 4 (large full thickness) damage (0.90) but decreases substantially for grades 1-3 (0.19-0.46). Significantly more people with skyline radiograph joint space narrowing complained of anterior knee pain than those with a normal radiograph (p < 0.001). There was only a poor correlation between preoperative anterior pain and intraoperative patellofemoral cartilage damage (r = 0.24).The lateral radiograph cannot exclude even large areas of full thickness cartilage damage whereas a normal skyline radiograph can reliably exclude significant (grade 4) patellofemoral disease and should be used in addition to the lateral view.