年龄相关的循环内皮祖细胞变化与动脉弹性关系的研究

目的　研究年龄对循环内皮祖细胞及动脉弹性的影响,探讨循环内皮祖细胞水平与动脉弹性损伤的关系。方法　56例健康男性志愿者分成青年组(n=26)和老年组(n=30)。采用桡动脉脉搏分析法无创性评价健康志愿者大动脉弹性指数(C1 )和小动脉弹性指数(C2 ), 流式细胞仪测定外周血中CD34+单个核细胞的水平,单个核细胞体外培养2周,荧光显微镜鉴定FITC UEA I和DiI acLDL双染色阳性细胞为内皮祖细胞。结果　老年组与青年组相比较,C1 和C2 明显降低[C1(11. 73±1 .45)比(16 .89±1 .69)ml/mmHg×10, P<0. 001; C2 (8 .40±1 45)比(10. 58±1 .18)ml/mmHg×100, P<0 .001 ];循环内皮祖细胞数目明显减少[ ( 0 .13±0. 02 )比( 0 .17±0. 04 )%,P<0 .05];循环内皮祖细胞水平与动脉弹性指数变化呈正相关(r=0. 47, P<0. 01;r=0 .4, P<0. 01),荧光显微镜鉴定贴壁细胞FITC UEA I和DiI acLDL双染色阳性。结论　增龄导致循环内皮祖细胞数量减少,提示血管内皮修复能力下降和功能障碍,损伤动脉弹性,循环内皮祖细胞水平有可能作为评价血管功能的替代指标。     

老年单纯收缩期高血压的动脉弹性功能变化

目的　比较老年正常血压者、单纯性收缩期高血压 (ISH)与非单纯性收缩期高血压 (NISH)患者的动脉弹性功能 ,了解不同类型老年高血压大动脉和小动脉弹性的差别。方法　选择 5 0例健康老年人 (男女各 2 5例 ,平均年龄 6 8± 5岁 )和 84例老年高血压病人 (男性 39例 ,女性 4 5例 ,平均年龄 6 8± 5岁 ) ,其中单纯性收缩期高血压 (ISH) 6 4例 ,非单纯性收缩期高血压 (NISH) 2 0例。使用DO2 0 2 0动脉功能测定仪检测桡动脉脉搏波形和动脉弹性指数C1和C2 。结果　ISH大动脉弹性指数C1(7± 2 1ml/mmHg× 10 )低于NISH组 (9 2± 3 1ml/mmHg× 10 )和正常血压对照组(12 9± 4ml/mmHg× 10 ) ,P <0 0 1;ISH小动脉弹性指数C2 (2 6± 2 2ml/mmHg× 10 0 )与NISH(2 7± 2 5ml/mmHg× 10 0 )无显著差别 ,均低于正常血压对照组 (4 3± 2 5ml/mmHg× 10 0 ) ,P <0 0 1;在正常血压对照组 ,动脉弹性指数与脉压显著负相关 (C1:r=- 0 6 2 7,P <0 0 0 1;C2 :r =- 0 389,P <0 0 0 1) ,但在ISH则并不相关 (C1:r =- 0 10 5 ,P =0 4 10 ;C2 :r =- 0 2 0 3,P =0 10 8)。结论　老年单纯性收缩期高血压患者大动脉和小动脉弹性功能均有明显减退     

冠心病患者血管内皮功能障碍与动脉弹性关系的研究

目的　探讨冠心病患者血管内皮功能障碍与动脉弹性的关系。方法　采用高分辨率血管超声法检测 30例冠心病患者与 30例正常对照组肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(FMD);应用动脉弹性功能检测仪测定受试者的大动脉弹性指数 (C1 )和小动脉弹性指数 (C2 )。结果　冠心病组血流介导的肱动脉舒张反应明显低于对照组[ (5 17±2 13)% 与 (11 10±4 36)%,P<0 05];冠心病组与正常对照组的C1 差异无统计学意义 [ ( 11 59±4 56 )ml/mmHg( 1mmHg=0 133kPa) ×10与 (12 11±3 82)ml/mmHg×10, P>0 05],但冠心病组的C2 明显低于正常对照组[ (4 20±1 80)ml/mmHg×100与 (6 26±2 36)ml/mmHg×100, P<0 05],冠心病组血流介导的肱动脉舒张反应与C2 呈正相关(r=0 53, P<0 05)。结论　冠心病患者肱动脉内皮依赖血管舒张功能受损和C2 降低,且两者之间呈正相关,提示C2 可作为一种评价血管内皮功能的新指标。     

老年单纯收缩期高血压的动脉弹性功能变化

目的比较老年正常血压者、单纯性收缩期高血压(ISH)与非单纯性收缩期高血压(NISH)患者的动脉弹性功能,了解不同类型老年高血压大动脉和小动脉弹性的差别.方法选择50例健康老年人(男女各25例,平均年龄68±5岁)和84例老年高血压病人(男性39例,女性45例,平均年龄68±5岁),其中单纯性收缩期高血压(ISH)64例,非单纯性收缩期高血压(NISH)20例.使用DO2020动脉功能测定仪检测桡动脉脉搏波形和动脉弹性指数C1和C2.结果 ISH大动脉弹性指数C1(7±2.1 ml/mmHg×10)低于NISH组(9.2±3.1 ml/mmHg×10)和正常血压对照组(12.9±4 ml/mmHg×10),P＜0.01;ISH小动脉弹性指数C2(2.6±2.2 ml/mmHg×100)与NISH(2.7±2.5 ml/mmHg×100)无显著差别,均低于正常血压对照组(4.3±2.5 ml/mmHg×100),P＜0.01;在正常血压对照组,动脉弹性指数与脉压显著负相关(C1 r=-0.627, P＜0.001; C2 r=-0.389, P＜0.001),但在ISH则并不相关(C1 r=-0.105, P=0.410; C2 r=-0.203, P=0.108).结论老年单纯性收缩期高血压患者大动脉和小动脉弹性功能均有明显减退.     

高甘油三酯血症对动脉弹性功能的影响

目的　研究高甘油三酯血症患者动脉弹性功能的变化。方法　采用动脉弹性功能测定仪CVProfilorDo -2 0 2 0检测 12例高甘油三酯血症患者和 15例健康志愿者大动脉弹性指数C1和小动脉弹性指数C2。结果　高甘油三酯血症患者和对照组的大动脉弹性指数C1无明显差别 (13 4± 3 6vs 14 3± 3 9ml/mmHg× 10 ) ,与对照组比较 ,高甘油三酯血症患者小动脉弹性指数C2明显降低 (6 3± 1 9vs 8 5± 2 4ml/mmHg× 10 0 ,P <0 0 5 )。结论　高甘油三酯血症损伤小动脉弹性指数C2 ,提示血管内皮细胞功能障碍可能是高甘油三酯血症导致冠心病发病和死率增加的原因之一     

中国健康人群动脉弹性功能参数研究

目的　建立中国健康人群男、女性和各年龄组大动脉弹性指数 (C1 )和小动脉弹性指数(C2 )的正常参照值 ,评价动脉弹性指数测定短期内的重复性。方法　选择中国 10个城市年龄 15～ 80岁正常血压健康人 192 4例 (男 947,女 977) ,采用动脉弹性功能测定仪CVProfilorDO 2 0 2 0 ,平卧位同步测量并记录 30s肱动脉血压和桡动脉脉搏波形 ,获取C1 和C2 。连续测定 3次 ,每次相隔 4min ,7～ 2 8d后进行重复性检测。结果　中国健康人群C1 和C2 平均值分别为 ( 16 0± 4 1)ml mmHg× 10、( 6 6±3 0 )ml mmHg× 10 0。女性C1 和C2 均低于男性 ,无论男、女性C1 和C2 均与年龄负相关。各地区C1 和C2 平均值的绝对差值较小。根据C1 和C2 与年龄的回归方程 ,已获得不同年龄组男、女性C1 和C2 的正常参照值范围。重复检测的数据较接近 ,尤其是C2 。结论　健康人群动脉弹性指数C1 和C2 受性别、年龄影响 ,应按照男、女性和不同年龄组建立其正常参照值。动脉弹性指数C1 和C2 测定在短期内有较好重复性。     

降压治疗对高血压患者动脉弹性功能的影响

目的　观察降压治疗对动脉弹性功能的影响。方法　选择 6 0例高血压病人 (高血压控制组与高血压未控制组各 30例 )和 30例正常对照组 ,使用DO2 0 2 0动脉功能测定仪检测大动脉弹性指数C1和小动脉弹性指数C2。结果　高血压控制组的C1(10 70± 3 71ml/mmHg× 10 )和C2(3 98± 2 0 9ml/mmHg× 10 0 )均明显高于高血压未控制组C1(7 96± 3 0 1ml/mmag× 10 )和C2 (2 5 0± 1 14ml/mmHg× 10 0 ) (P <0 0 5 ) ,高血压控制组的C1与对照组C1(11 4 2± 1 6 7ml/mmHg× 10 )无显著差别 (P >0 0 5 ) ,但C2低于正常对照组C2 (7 6 7± 1 5 6ml/mmHg× 10 0 ) (P <0 0 5 )。结论　降压治疗能改善高血压患者大动脉和小动脉弹性功能     

氟伐他汀改善高血压患者脉压和动脉弹性临床研究

目的　观察氟伐他汀对降压治疗中高血压患者脉压和动脉弹性功能的影响。方法　选择 3 0例正在规律服用降压药物治疗并且脉压≥ 60mmHg的高血压患者 ,分为安慰剂组 (15例 )和氟伐他汀组 (15例 ) ,分别加服安慰剂 (1片每天 )或氟伐他汀 (40mg/d) ,治疗 3个月。观察治疗前、后肱动脉血压 ,脉搏波传导速度 (PWV) ,大动脉和小动脉弹性指数 (C1和C2 ) ,从桡动脉压力波形实时获得的中心动脉血压、压力反射波增强指数 (AI)。结果　安慰组治疗后各项指标均无显著改变。氟伐他汀组治疗后肱动脉收缩压与脉压分别降低 8 0± 12 9mmHg (P =0 0 3 1)与 5 7± 9 3mmHg (P =0 0 3 3 ) ,中心动脉收缩压与脉压分别降低 9 7± 12 4mmHg (P =0 0 0 9)与 7 1± 9 3mmHg (P =0 0 1) ,中心动脉下降幅度大于肱动脉 ;舒张压和心率无显著改变 ;C2 升高 (P =0 0 3 ) ;AI降低 (P =0 0 2 6) ;PWV和C1无显著改变。结论　氟伐他汀通过改善高血压患者小动脉弹性和外周压力波反射 ,具有缩小脉压的作用     

氟伐他汀改善高血压患者脉压和动脉弹性临床研究

目的观察氟伐他汀对降压治疗中高血压患者脉压和动脉弹性功能的影响.方法选择30例正在规律服用降压药物治疗并且脉压≥60 mmHg的高血压患者,分为安慰剂组(15例)和氟伐他汀组(15例),分别加服安慰剂(1片每天)或氟伐他汀(40 mg/d),治疗3个月.观察治疗前、后肱动脉血压,脉搏波传导速度(PWV),大动脉和小动脉弹性指数(C1和C2),从桡动脉压力波形实时获得的中心动脉血压、压力反射波增强指数(AI).结果安慰组治疗后各项指标均无显著改变.氟伐他汀组治疗后肱动脉收缩压与脉压分别降低8.0±12.9 mmHg (P=0.031) 与5.7±9.3 mmHg (P=0.033),中心动脉收缩压与脉压分别降低9.7±12.4 mmHg (P=0.009) 与7.1±9.3 mmHg (P=0.01),中心动脉下降幅度大于肱动脉;舒张压和心率无显著改变;C2升高 (P=0.03);AI降低 (P=0.026);PWV 和C1无显著改变.结论氟伐他汀通过改善高血压患者小动脉弹性和外周压力波反射,具有缩小脉压的作用.     

增龄对大鼠心肌线粒体DNA氧化损伤的影响

目的　探讨增龄对大鼠心肌线粒体 DNA(mt DNA)缺失、线粒体呼吸链酶复合体及 ATP合成的影响。方法　 Wistar雄性大鼠分为 3组 :幼年组 (1月龄 )、青年组 (6月龄 )各 1 2只和老年组 (2 4月龄 ) 1 0只。心肌线粒体 DNA缺失、线粒体呼吸链酶复合体及腺苷三磷酸 (ATP)合成分别用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)、酶动力学和生物发光技术进行测定。结果　 3组大鼠均有不同程度 mt DNA缺失。老年组 mt DNA缺失 (2 .0 9± 1 .62 )较幼年组 mt DNA缺失 (0 .77± 1 .1 6)明显增高 (P<0 .0 5) ;较青年组 mt DNA缺失 (1 .54± 1 .1 7)也有升高的趋势 (P>0 .0 5)。老年组心线粒体呼吸链复合酶 活力 (2 347.2 1± 62 3.33)均较青年组 (3 859.1 2± 70 3.53)、幼年组 (4776.90± 548.63)明显降低 (P<0 .0 1 )。老年组心线粒体 ATP合成量 (1 96.95± 33.2 6)较青年组 (337.53± 62 .1 8)明显降低 (P<0 .0 1 )。心线粒体呼吸链复合酶 活力 3组间无明显性差异 (P>0 .0 5)。结论　大鼠线粒体 DNA氧化损伤与衰老有一定的相关性。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.