Plant polysaccharides

IR spectroscopy has been used to detect a mannan inUngernia bulbs. The mannan was determined qualitatively and quantitatively directly in a preparation of ground bulbs, avoiding the process of extracting the polysaccharide.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 683–685, September–October, 1997.     

Plant polysaccharides VII. Polysaccharides ofMorus and their hypoglycemic activity

Water-soluble polysaccharides, pectin substances, and hemicelluloses have been isolated fromMorus leaves, and their qualitative and quantitative compositions have been determined. The polysaccharides obtained by extraction with hot water have been investigated for hypoglycemic activity. A polysaccharide fromMorus alba proved to have the highest sugar-lowering activity.Materials presented at the IInd International Symposium of the Chemistry of Natural Compounds.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 789–791, November–December, 1997.     

Plant polysaccharides VIII. Polysaccharides ofLagochilus zeravschanicus

Water-soluble polysaccharides, pectin substances, and hemicelluloses have been isolated from the epigeal part ofLagochilus zeravschanicus and characterized. The pectins isolated are characterized by a high degree of esterification of the carboxy groups, and their base consists of a fragment constructed from -14-linkedD-galacturonic acid residues.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 569–572, July–August, 1997.     

Asparagus polysaccharides. I. Isolation and characterization of polysaccharides ofA. neglectus: Glucomannans of the roots

Water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances have been isolated from various organs ofA. neglectus and their quantitative amounts and monosacchardie compositions have been determined. Native acetylated glucomannans (A, B, and C) containing 13, 15, and 20% of acetyl groups and being homogeneous according to the results of gel chromatography have been isolated from the roots. On the basis of the results of periodate oxidation, methylation, and IR spectroscopy it has been established that the neutral polysaccharides of the roots ofA. neglectus is a mixture of three glucomannans consisting of -14 linear-bound D-gluco- and D-mannopyranose residues.Deceased.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 702–706, November–December, 1981.     

Allium carbohydrates I. Isolation and characterization of the polysaccharides

Summary 1. The amounts of glucofructans in 15 species of plants of the genusAllium L. growing in Central Asia have been studied.2. The polydispersity of all the glucofructans isolated has been established. Fractionation of the glucofructan fromA. sativum L. yielded homogeneous fractions with mol. wt. 1900 and 5000. On the basis of their IR spectra and the results of periodate oxidation, they have been assigned to the glucofructans of the inulin type.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 137–142, March–April, 1979.     

Bacterial antigenic polysaccharides

Conclusions Based on the data of selective cleavage, methylation, and oxidation with CrO₃ it was shown that the repeating unit of the polysaccharide chain of the liposaccharide from type 6Sh. dysenteriae is the trisaccharide-D-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-(1–3)--D-galactopyranosyl-(1–6)--D-glucopyranose, to the galactose residue of which is attached an unindentified acid component in the 4 position.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2302–2308, October, 1975.The authors express their gratitude to G. V. Vikha for graciously supplying the-hexosaminidase and to B. M. Zolotarev for taking the mass spectra.     

Polysaccharides ofEremurus. X. Characteristics of the polysaccharides ofEremurus lactiflorus andE. luteus

Water-soluble polysaccharides have been isolated from two species ofEremurus — E. lactiflorus andE. luteus — with yields of 13.5% and 20.5%, respectively. They contained mainly glucose and mannose in ratios of 1:5 and 1:3.1. The polysaccharides ofE. lactiflorus were separated from a column of DEAE-cellulose. The yield of neutral fraction was 10.3%. Gel filtration of the polysaccharides on Sephadex G-200 showed their polydispersity. Homogeneous fractions were obtained by fractional precipitation with ethanol. They have been characterized with respect to monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and IR spectra.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 604–608, September–October, 1979.     

Polysaccharides of saponin-bearing plants XI. An investigation of the polysaccharides ofAcanthophyllum knorringianum

Polysaccharides have been isolated from the epigeal organs and roots ofAcanthophyllum knorringianum and their quantitative levels and qualitative compositions have been established. A neutral polysaccharide of the epigeal organs belongs to the mannoarabinoglucogalactan type, and a neutral polysaccharide from the roots, to the arabinoglucogalactans.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (371) 120 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 169–170, March–April, 1999.     

Plant polysaccharides XVI. Mannan fromUngernia ferganica and its biological activity

A mannan has been isolated from the bulbs ofUngernia ferganica Vved., and its qualitative chemical composition, the nature of the bond between the hexose residues, and the form of the molecule have been determined. It has been established that the mannan is a relatively nontoxic compound and exhibits a pronounced hypolipidemic activity both in intact animals and in animals with experimental hyperlipidemia.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkennt, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 690–692, September–October, 1996. Original article submitted February 14, 1996.     

Fractionation of the polysaccharides ofChara aculeolata

Summary The carbohydrate complex of the Chara algaChara aculeolata Kütz is peculiar and includes polysaccharides of the types of starch, hemicelluloses, and cellulose and also acid polymers of two types, one of which is esterified with sulfuric acid residues while the other contains D-galacturonic acid as the main component.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 698–702, November–December, 1976.     

Immobilization of the enzyme L-asparaginase fromE. coli on polysaccharides IV. Covalent binding with dialdehyde-dextran

The synthesis has been effected of immobilizedE. coli L-asparaginase on medical dextran — poliglyukin. The influence of the bound polymer on some physicochemical properties of the final products have been studied. An increased resistance to heat and stability on storage of the immobilized forms of L-asparagine in comparison with a native enzyme has been found. It has been shown that the polymer modification of L-asparaginase leads to a decrease in the antigenic affinity of the immobilized enzyme as compared with the native enzyme.Institute of Organic Synthesis, Academy of Sciences of the Latvian SSR, Riga. All-Union Scientific-Research Technological Institute of Antibiotics and Enzymes for Medical Purposes, Leningrad. A. Kirkhenshtein Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Latvian SSR, Riga. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 766–771, November–December, 1986.     

Isolation, chemical composition, and structural features of polysaccharides fromLupinus species

Polysaccharides ofLupinus angustifolius (Bryansk 123 and Krystall varieties) andLupinus luteus (SG-91 variety) are extracted and hydrolyzed. Their chemical composition and structural features are studied. Optimal conditions for extraction, hydrolysis, and purification of the lupine polysaccharides are found. Structural features of the isolated pectins are determined based on¹³C NMR and IR spectroscopy.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 32–34, January–February, 2000.     

Plant polysaccharides I. Polysaccharides ofLagochilus and their biological activity

Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 313–314, March–April, 1995. Original article submitted November 7, 1994.     

Liquid chromatography of polysaccharides

This review gives an analysis of methods of high-performance liquid chromatography for the separation of various polysaccharides.Institute of the Chemistry and Physics of Polymers, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (371) 144 26 61. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 3–18, January–February, 1999.     

Polysaccharides ofPolygonatum I. Isolation and characterization of polysaccharides fromPolygonatum sewerzowii

Summary The water-soluble polysaccharides of the rhizomes of thePolygonatum sewerzowii Regl. have been studied. A method has been developed for separating the polysaccharide fraction. A new native acetylated glucomannan has been isolated which has been called severan and consists of manno- and glucopyranose residues linked with one another by -1 4 bonds in a ratio of 15.4:1.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Plant Substances of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 555–559, September–October, 1978.     

Accumulation of polysaccharides under the influence of chlorocholine chloride inAronia melanocarpa

Water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPSs) have been isolated from the fruit and leaves ofAronia melanocarpa Elliot (black chokeberry) plants treated with chlorocholine chloride in various concentrations. It has been established that they are composed of galacturonic acid and the neutral monosaccharides galactose, glucose, arabinose, xylose, and rhamnose. In addition, another two unidentified spots of monosaccharides or their derivatives were found in the polysaccharides of the fruit, and one in those of the leaves. The ratios of the neutral monosaccharides in the WSPSs have been determined. Accumulation of the polysaccharides under the influence of various concentrations of chlorocholine chloride has been studied. It has been established that the retardant used (chlorocholine chloride) increases the accumulation of polysaccharides in the fruit by a factor of 1.5–2, but no appreciable accumulation of them was observed in the leaves.I. P. Pavlov Ryazan' Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 601–604, September–October, 1979.     

Carbohydrates ofAlium. VII. Characteristics of the polysaccharides of the skin ofAlium cepa

The polysaccharides in the skin of the garden onion have been investigated. Their qualitative and quantitative compositions have been determined. The physicochemical characteristics of the pectin substances are given and the water-soluble polysaccharide is characterized.Deceased.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Samarkand Cooperative Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 14–17, January–February, 1985.     

Preliminary investigation of the water-soluble polysaccharides from the leaves of the bambooSasamorpha chiisanensis

It has been shown that the water-soluble polysaccharides of the leaves of the bambooSasamorpha chiisanensis Nak., after the removal of starch, contain residues of D-galactose, D-glucose, mannose, arabinose, D-xylose, rhamnose, and glucuronic and galacturonic acids and form an involved polysaccharide complex. Eight polysaccharide fractions differing in their uronic acid contents and in the ratio of neutral sugars have been isolated with the aid of chromatography on DEAE-cellulose.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 44–48, January–February, 1987.     

Synthesis of the principal chain of the o-antigenic polysaccharides ofShigella flexneri. Communication 6. Synthesis of the monomer,its polycondensation,and properties of the polysaccharide

Conclusions Regio- and stereospecific polycondensation has been used to synthesize the principal chain of the O-specific polysaccharides of the bacteriumSh. flexneri. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 1151–1156, May, 1985.For Communication 5, see [1].     

Galactans and galactan-containing polysaccharides of higher plants

Research on the chemical structure and physiological activity of galactan and galactan-containing polysaccharides of higher plants is reviewed. The principal chain in galactan-containing polysaccharides consists of 1–3, 1–4, 1–6, and - and -bonded D-galactopyranoses. The side chains contain separate or bonded chains of galactose, arabinose, glucose, rhamnose, and uronic acids. The relationship of chemical structure and physiological activity of the polysaccharides of higher plants is discussed.S. Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances. Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. fax (99871) 120 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 185–197, May–June, 2000.