半环形无级变速器的开发Ⅱ

介绍了半环形和环形CVT的基本原理、结构及特点，从牵引接触表面的自旋及弹流牵引驱动的轴向载荷加载装置两个方面，对半环形和环形CVT进行了对比分析。     

超声塑化注射系统环形间隙的设计与仿真

为获得较优的超声塑化注射系统环形间隙,首先进行超声工具头与塑化腔环形间隙的理论研究,获得环形间隙泄漏量和超声工具头摩擦力的理论公式;然后建立超声工具头与塑化腔环形间隙的有限元模型,利用ANSYS CFX模块研究环形间隙的泄漏量和工具头摩擦力的理论值和仿真值并进行比较,分析环形间隙大小与入口总压力对泄漏量和工具头摩擦力的影响规律。研究结果表明,当超声工具头与塑化腔之间的环形间隙为0.1～0.15mm、入口总压力为10～20MPa时,环形间隙的泄漏量和工具头摩擦力都较小。     

螺旋流对环形射流泵性能影响的数值模拟

为了提高环形射流泵的输送效率,本文提出了一种利用导叶结构形成螺旋流的螺旋流环形射流泵。利用数值模拟的方法研究不同工作压力下的螺旋流环形射流泵和原型泵的速度、压力和湍动能分布计算结果,来分析螺旋流对环形射流泵的性能影响。数值模拟结果表明：在工作压力为130 kPa时,螺旋流使环形射流泵的流量比增加了43.1%,压力比降低了22.8%。螺旋流降低了环形射流泵喉管内的静压,更容易引起空化。螺旋流使得环形射流泵的效率在工作压力低于160 kPa时大于原型泵。螺旋流环形射流泵内具有更大的湍动能分布区域。随着工作压力升高,两种结构的环形射流泵湍动能分布差别减小。导叶阻力对螺旋流环形射流泵的效率有着重要的影响。     

环形稀疏孔径结构的研究

介绍环形稀疏孔径的结构,分析环形光瞳的填充因子,并推导出环形稀疏孔径调制传递函数(MTF)的解析式。用MATLAB软件对其进行模拟,并利用Zemax光学设计软件设计环形稀疏孔径光学系统,得到调制传递函数图像,与理论推导的结果相吻合。采用标准分辨率板,在不同填充因子的环形稀疏孔径光学系统下进行模拟成像;利用分数阶微分算子对模拟所得的图像进行图像加强,改善环形稀疏孔径光学系统成像质量。     

环形供热管网水力工况设计方法研究

为提高环形供热管网水力工况运行稳定性,提出了基于模糊PID控制的环形供热管网水力工况控制方法。构建环形供热管网水力工况控制的约束参量模型,在此基础上采用回归模型逼近方法构建其测试指标集,结合自适应融合反馈跟踪方法进行环形供热管网水力工况信息的融合处理,并从中提取分布特征量;采用模糊PID控制方法调节提取结果的输出稳定性,实现环形供热管网水力工况优化设计和自适应控制。仿真结果表明,采用该方法进行环形供热管网水力工况控制的稳定性较好,自适应控制能力较强,实现了环形供热管网水力工况优化调节。     

液压打桩锤环形阀组结构强度分析

液压打桩锤的核心部件是环形阀组，由于环形阀组在工作过程中受力复杂，易于受到破坏，针对这一问题，对球墨铸铁和35CrMoV两种材料的环形阀组进行了有限元分析和模态分析。首先，针对环形阀组的三维实体模型，分析了其工作原理；然后，结合液压打桩锤的结构进行了仿真边界设定，采用ANSYS软件中的Workbench仿真平台，进行了3种不同工况下的静力学分析和不同材料的模态分析；最后，通过对比分析两种材料环形阀组的应力变形大小及共振频率特征，得出了不同材质和不同工况对环形阀组可靠性影响的规律。研究结果表明：环形阀组的结构强度可以满足使用要求，相比于球墨铸铁，35CrMoV材质的环形阀组变形量最多可减小0.04 mm,可靠性更高；由仿真得到环形阀组结构的薄弱位置，以及1 000 Hz～1 700 Hz的危险频率区间，这可为环形阀组后续的优化研究奠定基础。     

新型汽车、摩托车安全内胎

本实用新型为新型汽车、摩托车安全内胎，其特征是：所述的安全内胎由若干个环形橡胶条构成。所述的环形橡胶条包括截面为多边形的环形橡胶和截面为圆形的环形橡胶条；其排列方法为：各环形橡胶条平行排列，截面为多边形的若干个环形橡胶条将截面为圆形的若干个环形橡胶条包围在中间。本实用新型内胎无须充气，不会爆胎，安全性好；能有效的缓冲以减轻震动，其使用寿命较长。     

环形穿梭车数字孪生系统可视化场景的搭建与实现

基于数字孪生理论搭建环形穿梭车数字孪生系统可视化模场景。从多角度对环形穿梭车进行物理结构、动作逻辑、运行数据上的分析，并使用模型编辑程序、模型驱动程序等工具搭建了一个同步于环形穿梭车物理实体的虚拟映射孪生体。通过对实时采集的环形穿梭车运行数据进行分析处理，实现对环形穿梭车系统的数字化监控和运维。     

环形穿梭车设计

随着物流行业的迅速发展,出入库量不断提高,输送机已达到最大输送能力,为满足出入库量,文中设计了环形穿梭车。环形穿梭车轨道在平面内呈闭环布置,环形穿梭车沿轨道单向运行,该环形轨道上可以同时运行数台环形穿梭车来满足出入库量。     

环形锯条对接的小窍门

G型系列锯床使用的环形锯条，在使用过程中经常会断。对接环形锯条是在专用设备上进行的，不仅投资大（购置一台对接焊机需5-10万元），而且接口不耐用，一般连续使用48h左右就会断裂。为了改进环形锯条的对接方法，我们进行了多种试验，找到了环形锯条对接的好方法。现将环形锯条对接小窍门介绍如下。     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.     

CURING PROCESS OF PHOTOPOLYMER RESIN BOND DIAMOND TOOLS

Analytical simulation and corresponding proof-test are adopted to study the principle of the curing process of photopolymer resin diamond tools. The influence of the diamond as abrasives in photopolymer resin owing to the absorptivity of the diamond for the UV light on the photopolymer resin curing process is discussed. Based on the above, a kind of diamond tool—dicing blade is selected to analyze the curing process of photopolymer bond diamond tools. An analytical model of curing process is developed and a correlation curve between the depth of polymerization of the photopolymer resin diamond tools and the exposure time to represent the curing process of photopolymer bond dicing blade. A test is done to proof-test the validity of the analytical model and the correlation curve. The simulated data fit the experimental results, which demonstrates the analytical models and numerical algorithm are of high reliability. The analytical simulation method could possibly be used to optimize the curing cycle and improve the quality of the photopolymers resin bond diamond tools.     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

Effects of prebuckling deformations on the elastic flexural-torsional buckling of laterally fixed arches

The effect of the prebuckling in-plane deformations on the elastic flexural-torsional buckling of laterally fixed circular arches is studied in this paper. The finite strains and the energy equation for the flexural-torsional buckling of arches have been derived based on an accurate orthogonal rotation matrix. A closed form solution for the elastic flexural-torsional buckling resistance of laterally fixed arches in uniform bending, including the effects of the prebuckling deformations, is obtained. It is found that the notion that the prebuckling deformations increase the flexural-torsional buckling moment of an arch or of a beam is not necessarily correct for a laterally fixed arch or beam in uniform bending, in deference to a laterally pinned arch. When a laterally fixed arch is subjected to positive uniform bending, the effects of the prebuckling deformations decrease the buckling moment, and the reduction of the buckling moment increases with an increase of the included angle and of the out-of-plane slenderness ratio of the arch. When a laterally fixed arch is subjected to negative uniform bending, the effects of the prebuckling deformations decrease the absolute value of its buckling moment when the included angle is very small, but increase the absolute value of the buckling moment when the included angle exceeds a certain value. The increase in the absolute value of the buckling moment increases with an increase of the included angle and of the out-of-plane slenderness ratio of the arch. When the ratio of the out-of-plane to the in-plane second moments of area of the cross-section is not small, both the reduction of the buckling moment of a laterally fixed arch in positive uniform bending and the increase of the buckling moment of a laterally fixed arch in negative uniform bending, are substantial.     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.     

PHENOMENON OF CARVED DRIVING WHEELS

A newly found phenomenon of carved driving wheels of a rear-wheel-drive tractor used in an airport is discussed. The circum of every driving wheel is damaged at three regions,which distribute regularly and uniformly. Everyday,the tractor tows a trailer which are times heavier than the tractor,and moves on the same road in the airport. The phenomenon is explained by the torsional self-excited vibration system of the powertrain. The simplified torsional vibration system is discribed by a 2-order ordinary differential equation,which has a limit circle. Experiments and numerical simulations show the followings: Because of the heavy trailer,the slip ratio of the tractor’s driving wheels is very large. Therefore,there is severe torsional self-excited vibration in the tractor’s drivetrain,and the self-excited vibration results in severe and regular fluctuations of the rear wheel’s velocity. The severe fluctuations in velocity fastens the damage of the driving wheels. At the same time,the time interval in which an arbitrary point in the circum of the driving wheel contacts with the road twice is two times more than the period of the torsional self-excited vibration,and this times explained the existence of three damaged regions. At last,it points out that the phenomenon can be avoided when the torsional damping is large enough.     

运用改进残余力向量法的结构损伤识别研究

针对结构损伤识别时测试结构模态振型不完备的情况,采用了自由度凝聚方法进行模型凝聚,并给出了缩聚模型的残余力向量计算公式,证明了残余力向量对结构损伤单元的敏感性.为减小自由度凝聚及测量等因素带来的误差影响,提出了一种改进的残余力向量法.该方法首先通过测试损伤结构多阶模态得到残余力向量,并计算相对于损伤前结构的残余力向量得到残余力向量差矩阵,选取向量差矩阵各行元素中最大绝对值组成改进的残余力向量.损伤识别时,先运用改进的残余力向量确定可能损伤单元,再运用筛选法计算单元损伤程度.数值仿真算例说明,采用该方法只需结构的前几阶低阶频率和振型,就可以快速准确地识别出结构的损伤,显示了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

EFFECTS OF INJECTION STRATEGY ON D.I. DIESEL ENGINE COMBUSTION

Experiments are conducted to develop an understanding of how split injections can affect the combustion and emission characteristics of a D.I. diesel engine with a common-rail injection system. The ratio of the amount of fuel injected between two injection pulses and the injection interval is varied keeping the injected fuel quantity constant. Results show that under the 70D90-10 injection pattern, the engine achieves the lower NOx-smoke emissions and BSFC compared with the single injection pattern. The heat release rate and the temperature show that the split injections increase the initial premixed burn and retards the diffusion burn. With the balance of these two effects, the maximum in-cylinder temperature decreases while the 50% heat release point is held at almost the same crank angle. Therefore, both NOx emission and BSFC are improved while keeping the smoke emission at the same level.     

TRANSVERSE VIBRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF VISCOELASTIC RECTANGULAR PLATE WITH CRACK

Based on the two-dimensional viscoelastic differential constitutive relation and the thin plate theory, the differential equations of motion of the viscoelastic plate with an all-over part-through crack are established and the expression of additional rotation induced by the crack is derived. The complex eigenvalue equations of the viscoelastic plate with crack are derived by the differential quadrature method, and the 8method is used at the crack continuity conditions. Dimensionless complex frequencies of a crack viscoelastic plate with four edges simply supported, two opposite edges simply supported and other two edges clamped are calculated. The effects of the crack parameter, the aspect ratio and dimensionless delay time of the material on the transverse vibration of the viscoelastic plate are analyzed.