聚苯胺纳米材料电容性能研究

以(NH4)2S2O8为氧化剂,在1 mol/L盐酸环境下化学氧化合成超级电容器用电极材料纳米聚苯胺(PANI)。在1 mol/L H2SO4溶液中考察了材料的电容性能。结果表明:在循环伏安图上出现三对氧化还原峰,分别对应聚苯胺在三种不同氧化状态间的转化以及PANI的降解。放电电流密度为(1.0,4.5,10)×10–3A/cm2时,比容量分别为654,591,525 F/g。经恒定电流10 mA充放电循环1 000次,衰减仅为初始容量的10.7%。     

脉冲电沉积法制备PANI/CNTs复合材料及其超电容性能

采用脉冲电沉积法,于苯胺、浓硫酸和碳纳米管(CNTs)的混合溶液中,制备得到PANI(聚苯胺)/CNTs复合物,并对所制PANI/CNTs复合材料的微观形貌、结构以及电化学性能进行了研究。结果表明,CNTs的加入增大了PANI/CNTs复合物的比表面积,提高了其导电性。PANI/CNTs复合物用作超级电容器电极材料时,其比容量可达420.7 F/g,经500次循环后衰减幅度为8.9%,表现出优良的电化学性能。     

活性炭-聚吡咯混合电容器的电化学性能

低温下(0℃)化学氧化合成了盐酸掺杂聚吡咯。分别以聚吡咯和活性炭为电极材料组装成电化学电容器。采用扫描电镜、恒流充放电、循环伏安和交流阻抗测试仪研究了混合电容器的电化学性能。结果表明:低温下合成的聚吡咯呈颗粒状堆积,粒径为100～300nm;电流密度为6×10–3A/cm2时,混合电容器在1mol/LNa2SO4电解液中比电容高达178.6F/g,100次循环后比电容为初始容量的88.4%,漏电流仅为0.16×10–3A/cm2。     

有机电解液MnO2/AC混合电容器的研究

固相合成法制备了MnO2电极材料,以其为正极,活性炭(AC)电极为负极,组装了有机电解液MnO2/AC混合电容器。测试结果表明,在1 mol/L的有机电解液LiPF6/(DMC+EC)中,混合电容器的工作电压可达2.5 V,在不同的电流密度下,比容量为43.64～53.17 F/g,漏电流为0.08×10–3 A/cm2,经1 000次恒流充放电循环后,比容量衰减幅度约为8%。     

一种基于静电纺丝技术线状超级电容器的制备

为满足轻薄化、柔性化和可穿戴化电子产品对柔性储能器件的需求，运用静电纺丝技术与滚筒接收方法得到PAN/MnCl2复合纳米纤维膜，再经特定装置加捻、预氧化、碳化生成复合碳纳米纤维束CNFs/MnO2，利用恒电位沉积方法在其表面形成一层聚苯胺PANI，制备了以CNFs/MnO2/PANI为电极材料的线状超级电容器，搭建三电极测试体系平台，运用恒流充放电、循环伏安法测试，数据显示本方法制备的超级电容器比容量可达到 142.31Ｆ/ｇ，且具有一定的柔韧性和循环性。     

新型LiFePO_4/AC混合超级电容器的制备和性能研究

以橄榄石型磷酸亚铁锂(LiFePO4)为正极,活性炭(AC)为负极,制备了LiFePO4/AC混合超级电容器。通过充放电、倍率和漏电流测试,系统研究了所制混合超级电容器的电化学性能。结果表明,在正负极活性物质质量比为0.8∶1.0的条件下,混合超级电容器综合性能最佳:比容量为25.38 mAh.g–1,比能量为3.21 Wh.kg–1,分别是活性炭超级电容器的2.83倍和2.17倍,且在大倍率充放电下循环稳定性好、漏电流小,在1600 s后漏电流为0.25 mA。     

合成扫速对聚苯胺电极电容性能的影响

采用循环伏安法在不锈钢网上合成了导电聚苯胺(PANI)。研究了合成扫速分别为5,10,20,50,100 mV/s时聚苯胺电极的性能。结果表明,扫速为5 mV/s时生成的聚苯胺膜孔隙最小,比表面积最大,电阻最小,具有最好的电容性能,在0.1 A/g和1 A/g充放电电流密度下,其比容量分别达860 F/g和485 F/g。     

锂离子电池混合正极材料LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/LiFePO4电化学性能研究

采用湿法球磨制备了锂离子电池用混合正极材料LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/LiFePO4。通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征了材料的结构和形貌,采用恒流充放电测试、循环伏安测试(CV)和电化学阻抗谱测试(EIS)方法研究了混合正极材料LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/LiFePO4的电化学性能。结果表明：混合正极材料LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/LiFePO4的晶体结构完好,碳包覆的纳米LiFePO4颗粒较好地包覆在LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2表面。含质量分数15% LiFePO4的混合正极材料LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/LiFePO4电化学性能优良,0.2C首次充放电比容量为181.40 mAh?g–1,首次充放电效率为90.79%;1.0C循环50次后放电比容量为169.89 mAh?g–1,容量保持率为97.80%;3.0C循环5次后的放电比容量为162.22 mAh?g–1,容量保持率仍有89.43%;60 ℃高温存储7 d后,容量保持率和容量恢复率分别为86.48%和97.32%。     

LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2/AC混合超级电容器正负极容量配比研究

采用1 mol/L的LiBF4/AN(CH3CN)为电解液,对LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2/AC体系混合超级电容器进行了电化学性能对比研究.通过优化正负极的容量配比,分别评价了对应的超级电容器的充放电性能、倍率性能和循环寿命.结果表明,在正负极容量配比为4:1时,该体系超级电容器的比能量为11 Wh/kg、比...     

聚苯胺-MnFe类普鲁士蓝复合材料的超电容性能

MnFe类普鲁士蓝(MnHCF)作为超级电容器电极材料具有高比电容和优良的循环稳定性,但导电性不佳限制了其应用,通过将其与聚苯胺等高电导率材料复合可以极大改善这一问题。传统的两步制备方法工艺繁琐,干扰因素较多。本研究利用MnO_2纳米棒作原材料在室温下一步合成了聚苯胺-MnFe类普鲁士蓝复合材料(PANI-MnHCF)。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品进行物理表征,使用循环伏安法(CV)、恒电流充放电法以及交流阻抗法(EIS)对样品电化学性能进行测试。结果表明:成功合成了堆砌为规则块状结构的PANI-MnHCF。在0.5 mol/L中性Na_2SO_4电解液中,1 A/g电流密度下,比电容达276.4 F/g;电流密度增大至5 A/g后,比电容仍能保持225.2 F/g;2000次充放电循环测试后,容量保持率为70.2%。     

超高比表面积活性炭结构与比电容的关系

在非水电解质体系中,用恒电流充放电法测定所制活性炭电极的双电层比电容,研究了活性炭的结构对比电容的影响。结果表明,超高比表面积活性炭(SBET≥2500m2/g)比表面积为2827m2/g时,电容器比电容值高达101.6F/g,是比表面积为1384m2/g的普通活性炭电容器比电容的2.4倍。提高活性炭中2～4nm孔所占的百分率,能有效地提高电容器比电容。     

聚苯胺混杂型电化学电容器研究

采用聚苯胺在改性活性炭表面原位聚合方法,制备了聚苯胺活性炭复合物。研究了活性炭与苯胺在不同配比下制得的复合物的比容量,结果表明:当活性炭占复合材料的质量比为14.9%时,复合物的比容量为191.8F/g,比相同条件下制得聚苯胺的比容量提高了56%。以该复合物为电化学电容器的正极材料,以改性活性炭为其负极材料,电解液为6mol/L的氢氧化钠水溶液,组装了原型电化学电容器。该电容器的比能量可达8.7Wh/kg,比功率可达878W/kg。     

3D Graphene Network with Covalently Grafted Aniline Tetramer for Ultralong-Life Supercapacitors

The conducting polymer polyaniline (PANI) has been considered to be a promising pseudocapacitive electrode material for supercapacitors due to its high specific capacitance, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, the poor cycling stability of PANI during the charge–discharge processes limits its widespread practical application. Herein, a facile synthetic method is demonstrated for covalently grafting an aniline tetramer (TANI), the basic building block of PANI, onto 3D graphene networks via perfluorophenylazide coupling chemistry to create a hybrid electrode material for ultralong-life supercapacitors. The design, which substitutes long-chain PANI with short-chain TANI and introduces covalent linkages between TANI and 3D graphene, greatly enhances the charge–discharge cycling stability of PANI-based supercapacitors. The electrode material, as well as the fabricated symmetric all-solid-state supercapacitors, exhibit extraordinary long cycle life (>85% capacitance retention after 30 000 charge–discharge cycles). The capacitance can be further boosted through fast and reversible redox reactions on the electrode surface using a redox-active electrolyte while maintaining outstanding cycling stability (82% capacitance retention after 100 000 cycles for a symmetric all-solid-state device). While conducting polymers are known to be limited by their poor cycling stability, this work provides an effective strategy to achieve enhanced cycle life for conducting polymer-based energy storage devices.     

有机双电层电容器用活性炭电极的修饰

利用石墨、炭黑、碳纳米管三种导电碳材料,对高比表面积活性炭进行掺杂修饰,制备有机电解液双电层电容器用薄膜电极。经电化学测试发现,在 1 mol/L 的 LiPF6/EC-DEC(体积比 1∶1)溶液中,经不同导电材料修饰后的活性炭电极,其单电极比容量和大电流充放电性能均有较大改善。其中,掺杂 10%(质量分数)碳纳米管的活性炭电极,在 330 mA/g 电流密度下的单电极比容量可达 81 F/g,比未掺杂活性炭电极 60 F/g 的比容量提高了 35%;电流密度从 60 mA/g 增至 330 mA/g,该电极的容量保持率为 79.4%。     

基于有源电容倍增器的新型电荷泵DC-DC变换器

电荷泵中浮置电容是影响输出特性的关键因素,针对大容量浮置电容难以集成的问题,提出利用电流传输器构成有源电容倍增器代替浮置电容的方法,可使等效的浮置电容容量提高1~3个数量级.利用PSPICE软件对反压及倍压电荷泵分别在采用有源电容倍增器和理想电容的情况下进行仿真,对比分析的结果说明采用有源电容倍增器的电荷泵电路仅需要很小的电容就能得到与外加大容量浮置电容电荷泵电路相同的输出特性(实例中100pF可等效50nF),从而基于有源电容倍增器的电荷泵将更易于全单片集成.     

室温熔盐在碳纳米管电化学电容器中的应用

将碳纳米管制成薄膜电极,以二(三氟甲基磺酸酰)亚胺锂(LiTFSI)-1,3-氮氧杂环戊-2-酮(OZO)室温熔盐为电解液,装配成模拟电容器。测试结果表明,比电容为20.5F/g,工作电压可达2.0V以上,循环充放电500次后容量损失小于5%。室温熔盐在碳纳米管电化学电容器中表现出良好的电化学兼容性,具有良好的热稳定性,是超级电容器非常有前景的新型电解液。     

基于新型介电弹性体平行板电容器的研究

为了研究具有传感功能的可变电容器,采用新型介电弹性体材料制成平行板电容器。研究了该电容器充放电前后的外形变化及影响电容大小的因素。结果表明:在高压充放电前后,电容器的极板面积和两电极板间距离都发生了明显的变化;电容随着外加电压的增大而增大;在外加电压为6 000 V的条件下,电容随着材料预拉伸的增大出现一极大值,随后又减小,即在变化过程中存在拐点;另外,电容器的电极材料用石墨粉时要比用导电胶时电容大。     

A Facile Synthesis of a Palladium-Doped Polyaniline-Modified Carbon Nanotube Composites for Supercapacitors

Supercapacitors have evolved as the premier choice of the era for storing huge amounts of charge in the field of energy storage devices, but it is still necessary to enhance their performance to meet the increasing requirements of future systems. This could be achieved either through advancing the interfaces of the material at the nanoscale or by using novel material compositions. We report a high-performance material composition prepared by combining a transition metal (palladium)-doped conductive polymer with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). MWCNTs/palladium-doped polyaniline (MWCNTs/Pd/PANI) composites and multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyaniline (MWCNTs/PANI) composites (for comparison) were prepared via in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline monomer. The reported composites were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. FESEM and TEM studies indicated the narrow size distribution of the π-conjugated polymer-protected palladium nanoparticles on the surface of the carbon nanotubes. All the electrochemical characterizations were executed using a three-electrode system in 1 M H₂SO₄ electrolyte. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis was performed to observe the capacitive performance and redox behavior of the composites. The ion transfer behavior and cyclic stability of the composites were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis and cyclic charge–discharge (CCD) testing, respectively. The MWCNTs/Pd/PANI composite was found to exhibit an especially high specific capacitance value of 920 F/g at scan rate of 2 mV/s.     

A methodology for measuring the gate-drain capacitance of CMOSdevices

In this paper, the author presents a new methodology for measuring the gate drain capacitance of CMOS devices using an accelerated dc measurement scheme. The gate-drain capacitance was measured using a floating gate MOS transistor, i.e., an MOS transistor with an additional capacitor placed in series with the gate oxide capacitance. This was implemented within a standard p-well CMOS process using two matched transistors. The top capacitance couples charge onto the gate oxide capacitor and the gate-drain capacitor. The amount of coupling is determined by the ratio of these two capacitors