西南天山阿克苏地区中元古代变质岩的地球化学特征及其构造背景

新疆西南天山阿克苏地区发育长城纪阿克苏群变质岩。在野外观察的基础上,根据详细的显微观察结果,结合地球化学特征,认为阿克苏群片麻岩及角闪片岩的原岩为酸性火山岩及基性岩,云母片岩的原岩为杂砂岩。岩石化学判别结果表明,片麻岩及角闪片岩属钙碱性系列,轻稀土元素明显富集,重稀土元素相对平坦,轻、重稀土元素分馏较强。构造环境判别图显示这些火山岩具有弧火山岩的特征,从而认为其是与俯冲作用相关的陆缘火山弧环境的产物。同期沉积的变质沉积岩构造环境判别也证实了这一论断。结合区域地质背景认为阿克苏群变质岩总体为陆缘火山弧-弧后盆地环境,可能与全球哥伦比亚超大陆形成事件有关。     

北祁连山东段海原一带海原群变质岩原岩恢复及其构造背景

对海原群的岩石组成、原岩性质和构造环境的研究表明,海原群中云母片岩、石英片岩的原岩是泥质岩、杂砂岩等,大理岩、石英岩的原岩为白云岩-灰岩、石英砂岩或硅质岩,绿片岩和角闪岩的原岩为基性火山岩或次火山岩,蛇纹岩的原岩为超镁铁质岩.变质沉积岩的形成构造环境判别结果表明,它们形成于活动大陆边缘,介于岛弧与稳定陆缘之间.变质基性火山岩主要亦介于岛弧拉斑玄武岩与板内玄武岩之间,部分显示洋脊玄武岩的特征.认为海原群形成于岛弧-弧后盆地的构造环境.     

北祁连山东段海原一带海原群变质岩原岩恢复及其构造背景

对海原群的岩石组成、原岩性质和构造环境的研究表明,海原群中云母片岩、石英片岩的原岩是泥质岩、杂砂岩等,大理岩、石英岩的原岩为白云岩-灰岩、石英砂岩或硅质岩,绿片岩和角闪岩的原岩为基性火山岩或次火山岩,蛇纹岩的原岩为超镁铁质岩.变质沉积岩的形成构造环境判别结果表明,它们形成于活动大陆边缘,介于岛弧与稳定陆缘之间.变质基性火山岩主要亦介于岛弧拉斑玄武岩与板内玄武岩之间,部分显示洋脊玄武岩的特征.认为海原群形成于岛弧-弧后盆地的构造环境.     

北祁连山东段海原一带海原群变质岩原岩恢复及其构造背景

对海原群的岩石组成、原岩性质和构造环境的研究表明,海原群中云母片岩、石英片岩的原岩是泥质岩、杂砂岩等,大理岩、石英岩的原岩为白云岩—灰岩、石英砂岩或硅质岩,绿片岩和角闪岩的原岩为基性火山岩或次火山岩,蛇纹岩的原岩为超镁铁质岩。变质沉积岩的形成构造环境判别结果表明,它们形成于活动大陆边缘,介于岛弧与稳定陆缘之间。变质基性火山岩主要亦介于岛弧拉斑玄武岩与板内玄武岩之间,部分显示洋脊玄武岩的特征。认为海原群形成于岛弧—弧后盆地的构造环境。     

赣北星子群变质岩的原岩恢复及其形成构造环境判别

对星子群变质岩的原岩性质及其形成的构造环境研究表明，星子群变质岩中的片岩和变粒岩的原岩是沉积岩，其中云母片岩的原岩为粘土岩，石英片岩和变粒岩的原岩是杂砂岩或亚杂砂岩。斜长角闪岩、角闪片岩和榴闪岩的原岩为基性火山岩。变质沉积岩的形成构造环境判别结果表明，它们形成于活动大陆边缘环境。而变质基性火山岩属于岛弧拉斑玄武岩与大洋拉斑玄武岩的过渡类型，它们形成于拉张盆地。     

新疆乌恰县恰克马克地区长城系阿克苏岩群变质岩特征

新疆乌恰县恰克马克地区长城系阿克苏岩群岩性主要为黑云石英片岩、二云石英片岩、绿帘石黑云母片岩、长英质变粒岩、黝帘石黑云母片岩、石榴石二云片岩、石英岩、斜长石英浅粒岩、绿泥石石榴石角闪石二云石英片岩、矽线石二云石英片岩、红柱石二云石英片岩等,为一套低-中温、低-中压变质岩系列区域动热岩,其变质带分为黑云母带、铁铝石榴石带、红柱石-矽线石带,属高绿片岩相和低角闪石相。变质岩原岩为泥岩、泥质粉砂岩、钙质砂岩、石英砂岩及少量火山碎屑岩等,属陆源碎屑岩夹碳酸盐岩沉积建造环境,变质作用属区域低温动热变质作用。     

阿尔泰造山带喀纳斯群变质碎屑岩地球化学特征及年代学研究

喀纳斯群为一套巨厚的中低压型浅变质碎屑岩系,主要由片岩、片麻岩、变质砂岩等组成,其形成时代未有统一的认识,致使阿尔泰构造带的构造演化过程争议较大。对喀纳斯群变质岩进行原岩恢复,认为该套变质岩为副变质岩,考虑到变质碎屑岩的成岩物质继承母岩特征和变质程度的影响,利用碎屑岩研究方法对元素地球化学特征进行探讨,显示出喀纳斯群变质碎屑岩原岩形成环境以大陆岛弧为主,兼有活动大陆边缘的特征,CIA、ICV指数反应出原岩经历了相对温暖、湿润的风化作用,成熟度较低。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,最年轻的锆石年龄集中在(500±3.0)Ma,代表喀纳斯群的上限年龄,认为该套地层形成于晚寒武世晚期之前,为一套形成于大陆岛弧或活动大陆边缘的复理石建造。新元古代青白口纪初期基底裂解事件,暗示着阿尔泰构造带存在前寒武纪大陆地壳基底。     

新疆若羌县黑山梁地区北山岩群地质特征及构造环境

北山岩群是一套经角闪岩相主期变质作用和绿帘角闪岩相退变质作用的强变质变形地体.据岩石组合特征可划分为4个岩组:第一岩组为斜长角闪片岩夹黑云斜长片麻岩和变粒岩;第二岩组为片麻岩夹斜长角闪片岩、石英片岩、变粒岩;第三岩组为石英片岩夹大理岩、石英岩;第四岩组为石英岩夹石英片岩.经原岩恢复,第一岩组原岩主要为板内拉斑玄武岩,具向岛弧玄武岩过渡趋势;第二岩组原岩为快速沉积的碎屑岩和酸性火山岩;第三岩组原岩为碎屑岩夹碳酸盐岩;第四岩组原岩为成熟度较高的碎屑岩.据火山岩组合、碎屑组合岩特征及地球化学特征,判断其形成年代为早元古代,构造环境为早期裂谷发育速度较快,火山活动强烈,沉积物为快速沉积的碎屑岩;后期构造趋于平缓,碎屑岩成熟度升高,并夹有厚层碳酸盐岩.     

滇东南猛洞岩群构造环境：变质碎屑岩地球化学约束

猛洞岩群位于滇东南文山-麻栗坡断裂与红河断裂带之间的老君山-Song Chay变质核杂岩核部,由一套经历过多期变质-变形的杂岩体组成。变质碎屑岩地球化学特征显示,主、微量元素平均组成与大陆上地壳相似,且SiO_2/Al_2O_3、K_2O/Na_2O比值显示该套变质沉积岩具有相似的成熟度,但片岩类样品可能遭受过强烈的风化作用;稀土元素特征与变质岩原岩恢复图解显示,片岩类原岩为黏土岩及泥质岩,片麻岩类原岩为砂岩、杂砂岩。化学蚀变指数(CIA)、成分变异指数(ICV)、斜长石蚀变指数(PIA)反映了片岩类原岩形成后经历过较强的风化作用,但副片麻岩类原岩经历的风化作用较弱,反映了副片麻岩类主要来源于不成熟的物源区,显示出活动构造环境沉积物的特征。Rb/Sr和Th/U比值判别结果表明该套碎屑岩经历了较复杂的沉积演化过程;La/Th-Hf图解和砂岩-泥岩套的物源区判别图解表明变质碎屑岩样品以石英岩沉积物源区为主,混合少量中性火成岩物源区;ThSc-Zr/10和La-Th-Sc图解表明猛洞岩群可能沉积于大陆岛弧环境。综上所述,猛洞岩群变质碎屑岩原岩为一套泥质岩-砂岩(杂砂岩),这套碎屑岩经历了较强风化作用及复杂的沉积演化过程,主要沉积于与大陆岛弧环境相关的盆地,推测猛洞岩群的物质来源与昆阳群有关,可能与扬子地块具有较强的亲缘关系。     

吉林省延边卧龙地区青龙村群地球化学特征

青龙村群分布于华北板块北缘东段,岩石类型主要为片麻岩类,少量片岩类、斜长角闪岩类.变质作用由角闪岩相退变为绿片岩相.其原岩为钙碱性安山岩和流纹岩组合.岩石地球化学特征表明:青龙村群所属构造环境为岛弧区,岩浆同源,并经过岛弧区玄武质岩浆的分异作用,而玄武质岩浆产生与富集型MORB地幔经历中等程度部分熔融有关,Ti相对于Zr弱亏损可能与岛弧区俯冲深度有限有关.这表明青龙村群是华北板块北缘古亚洲洋俯冲消减的结果,并且与周围岩群没有可比性.     

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

山西五台山区滹沱群变质玄武岩岩石学、地球化学特征及其成因意义

在野外地质调查的基础上,选取滹沱群豆村亚群底部四集庄组玄武岩、顶部青石村组玄武岩和东冶亚群中下部河边村组玄武岩,进行岩石学和地球化学研究。分析结果表明：玄武岩主量元素高TiO2、TFeO,低MgO,具有演化的基性岩浆的特征。稀土元素含量相对较高,具有弱—中等程度的轻稀土元素富集,中等程度的轻重稀土元素分异,轻微的Eu异常;玄武岩中Cr、Ni含量变化较大,但与Mg#具有很好的正相关性。微量元素配分图解中具有明显的Sr负异常,部分样品具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常,无Zr、Hf负异常,与岛弧火山岩不同;同时Nb、Ta无分异,Zr/Hf值较高,具有板内玄武岩浆的特征。综合分析认为,滹沱群玄武岩可能形成于板内裂谷环境。在岩浆上升过程中发生橄榄石与尖晶石的分离结晶作用,同时不同程度地受到地壳的混染。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

深港西部通道填海区地下水铜、钒、铊、镉、钨迁移的实验研究

填海工程使滨海地区的地下水物理化学条件改变,导致该区域地下水中重金属浓度升高。本文以深港西部通道填海区为例,采用实验室模拟填海条件的办法,初步探讨了影响填海区地下水重金属迁移的关键因素。模拟实验结果表明,填海区地下水中钨元素含量升高与地下水淡化、淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;铜元素含量升高则与淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;钒元素含量升高与地下水淡化和淤泥氧化过程有关,而其他元素含量升高则主要与填料风化释放有关。     

贵州岑巩羊桥罗家塘杷榔动物群的发现及其后生动物早期演化的意义

岑巩县羊桥乡罗家塘杷榔组仅出露中-上部地层,岩性单一,均为青灰、灰绿色粉砂质泥、页岩.在其上部层位发现了俞氏贵州始海百合(Guizhoueocrinus yui Zhao,Parsley et Peng,2007),计有棘皮动物始海百合、腕足动物、软体动物-软舌螺、节肢动物-三叶虫等8属9种,包括了2个未定名的新种和1...     

扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。     

Pressure Increases, the Formation of Chromite Seams, and the Development of the Ultramafic Series in the Stillwater Complex, Montana

This paper explores the hypothesis that chromite seams in theStillwater Complex formed in response to periodic increasesin total pressure in the chamber. Total pressure increased becauseof the positive V of nucleation of CO₂ bubbles in the melt andtheir subsequent rise through the magma chamber, during whichthe bubbles increased in volume by a factor of 4–6. Byanalogy with the pressure changes in the summit chambers ofKilauea and Krafla volcanoes, the maximum variation was 0•2–0•25kbar, or 5–10% of the total pressure in the Stillwaterchamber. An evaluation of the likelihood of fountaining andmixing of a new, primitive liquid that entered the chamber withthe somewhat more evolved liquid already in the chamber is basedupon calculations using observed and inferred velocities andflow rates of basaltic magmas moving through volcanic fissures.The calculations indicate that hot, dense magma would have oozed,rather than fountained into the chamber, and early mixing ofthe new and residual magmas that could have resulted in chromitecrystallizing alone did not take place. Mixing was an important process in the Stillwater magma chamber,however. After the new magma in the chamber underwent {smalltilde}5% fractional crystallization, its composition, temperature,and density approached those of the overlying liquid in thechamber and the liquids then mixed. If this process occurredmany times over the course of the development of the Ultramaficseries, a thick column of magma with orthopyroxene on its liquiduswould have been the result. Thus, the sequence of multiple injections,fractionation, and mixing with previously fractionated magmacould have been the mechanism that produced the thick bronzitecumulate layer (the Bronzitite zone) above the cyclic units.     

西藏南木林县秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体岩石成因

以出露在西藏南木林县秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体为研究对象,从野外地质调查、岩石学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、元素和Lu-Hf同位素地球化学等方面对其进行了分析研究。结果显示：秦马弄地区二长花岗岩体类似于A型花岗岩,形成于古近纪(E1),其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(62.0±0.5)~(63.0±0.5) Ma;岩体形成的温度较高(锆石饱和温度为745~805 ℃,平均766 ℃);岩石富SiO2(72.6%~75.0%)、Na2O(2.86%~3.59%)和K2O(4.12%~5.25%),贫CaO(0.72%~1.39%)和MgO(0.26%~0.36%),高FeOT/MgO值(7.26~10.3),属高钾钙碱性系列,弱过铝质;岩石具明显的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.40~0.70),普遍表现出Ba、Sr、P、Ti元素的亏损和Rb、Th、K、Zr、Hf元素的富集。εHf(t)值为-4.7~-1.8,其两阶段地壳Hf模式年龄tDM2为(1.1~1.3) Ga。秦马弄A型花岗岩体是冈底斯基底地壳物质部分熔融的岩浆产物,形成于古近纪印度板块与欧亚板块俯冲碰撞引起的总体为岛弧背景下的局部拉张构造环境。