心房颤动时伴室性早搏和伴室内差异性传导的Lorenz-RR散点图特征

目的 探讨心房颤动(简称房颤)伴室性早搏(简称室早)或伴室内差异性传导(简称差传)的Lorenz-RR散点图(简称散点图)特征及差异。方法 对2016年6月至2020年6月在清远市人民医院行动态心电图检查诊断为房颤伴室早的190例患者的散点图进行回顾性分析,另选择诊断为房颤伴差传的74例患者的散点图作为对照组,分别观察散点图图形特征。结果 整体散点图特征,差传组全部74例均呈宽QRS波点集被完全覆盖的扇形;室早组共190例,其中有93例与差传组类似,有43例呈宽QRS波及其前点点集、房颤扇形各自分离的“三分布”特征,有54例呈宽QRS波点集近端插入到扇形区域内、远端与扇形区域分离的特征。局部散点图特征,差传组全部74例均呈宽QRS波点集沿房颤扇形边界区域分布的特征;室早组中与差传组有类似散点图的93例中,有59例仍与差传组表现类似,30例室早点集远离房颤扇形边界区域朝远端分布,4例室早点集散乱的广泛分布于减速区与等速线之间。结论 房颤伴差传时散点图为单纯的扇形;而房颤伴室早时散点图可呈室早点集与室早前点集与扇形分离的三分布图形(大约70%),亦可呈单纯扇形(大约30%)。     

心房颤动的Lorenz-RR散点图分析

目的分析阵发性心房颤动(简称房颤)与持续性房颤伴不同心律失常的Lorenz-RR散点图特征,探讨Lorenz-RR散点图对房颤伴不同心律失常的诊断价值。方法对88例阵发性房颤与持续性房颤患者的24h动态心电图,回顾性分析其Lorenz-RR散点图特征。比较阵发性房颤组与持续性房颤组的平均、最快、最慢心室率及房室结功能有效不应期(AVNFRP)界线斜率。比较持续性房颤伴差传组与持续性房颤伴室性早搏(简称室早)组的平均、最快、最慢心室率及AVNFRP界线斜率。结果房颤Lorenz-RR散点图表现为扇形,当合并其他心律失常时,表现为扇形与其特征性心律失常散点图共存。阵发性房颤表现为扇形与棒球拍形图形共存。房颤伴室性早搏及房颤伴室内差异性传导有不同的散点图特征。阵发性房颤组最快心室率较持续性房颤组明显增快(P0.01)。房颤伴差传组平均心室率、最快心室率明显快于房颤伴室早组(P0.01)。结论阵发性房颤与房颤合并不同心律失常具有不同的散点图特征。Lorenz-RR散点图对鉴别房颤伴短联律间期室早与房颤伴差传具有独特的优势。     

无人区电轴对房颤伴宽QRS波心电图的分析

目的分析探讨心房颤动(房颤)伴宽QRS波群的心电图特征及鉴别诊断。方法120例房颤合并宽QRS波群心电图患者。经体表心电图Ⅰ、aVF导联目测心电轴,分析RR间期变化的范围、QRS波群形态及心室率。结果120例中房颤合并室早或室速54例;房颤合并室内差传66例。30例存在无人区电轴者均为房颤合并室早或室速。66例房颤合并室内差传者无一例出现无人区电轴。结论房颤合并宽QRS波伴无人区电轴时,提示房颤合并室早或室速,无人区电轴可作为房颤合并室早或室内差传的诊断及鉴别诊断的一项指标。     

心电散点图呈现的房室结功能不应期及对宽QRS波的鉴别

心电散点图亦称RR间期散点图,其二维直角坐标系中的每个散点所对应的横、纵坐标是相邻两个RR间期值.心房颤动(简称房颤)的散点图呈现了动态房室结功能不应期(AVNFRP)的电生理特征,可用于判断房室分离和宽QRS波的鉴别诊断:房颤时最短的RR间期可以作为AVNFRP的估算值,房颤扇形散点分布的图形边缘是动态AVNFRP界...     

1153例Lorenz散点图与动态心电图诊断的对比研究

目的探讨Lorenz散点图(LP)对长程心电数据中心律失常的诊断作用。方法将1153例心律失常病例的24h动态心电数据做成Lorenz散点图,与动态心电图诊断进行对比分析。结果520例心律失常频次<100次/24h,Lorenz散点图为一分布图形,633例心律失常频次<100次/24h,为多分布图形。按动态心电图诊断,633例中室上性早搏203例、差异性传导27例、室性早搏197例、心房颤动182例、心房扑动、房颤合并房扑、室上性早搏合并室性早搏、房颤伴宽QRS波、二度窦房阻滞与二度Ⅱ型房室阻滞等24例。Lorenz散点图图形特点与动态心电图诊断有良好对应关系。结论Lorenz散点图诊断心律失常速度快,与动态心电图诊断结果符合率高,对室上性异位心搏的检出率高于动态心电图。     

一例反复发作经房室结前传旁道逆传形成P-QRS-P~-伴P~-后QRS波脱落的 Lorenz-RR散点图及心电图特征

患儿男性,6岁9个月,以"室上性心动过速射频消融术后4个月"行门诊随访,动态心电图Lorenz-RR散点图呈虾钳样图形,逆向心电图显示呈P-QRS-P~-伴P~-后QRS波脱落,形成类似于心房早搏未下传的"二联律"特征,同时有阵发性室上性心动过速发作呈RP~-RP~-…形式,且RP~-70 ms,RP~-P~-R,提示为顺向型房室折返性心动过速,P~-形态与窦性心律的P波形态一致,符合间隔部旁道逆传特征。此与患儿术中诊断的右侧间隔旁道相符,且与术前和术后24 h动态心电图相一致。故诊断心电经房室结前传旁道逆传形成P-QRS-P~-伴P~-后QRS波脱落,表现为特有的二联律形式。     

房颤伴快速心室率100例心电图的回顾性分析

心房颤动伴宽QRS波是室早还是房颤伴室内差异性传导，两者的鉴别具有重要的临床意义，它包含了发生机制及治疗原则均不相同的两种心律失常。本文通过对100例快速型房颤伴宽QRS波的心电图分析，旨在探讨房颤伴室早还是室内差异性传导的心电图特征，提高心电图诊断的准确率，更好地为临床服务。     

房性期前收缩伴预激及舒张晚期室性期前收缩二联律2例

房性期前收缩伴预激表现为异位P波（P’波）伴宽大畸形的QRS波群。房室关系及畸形QRS波群性质难鉴别,而动态心电图显示间歇性预激时可帮助确诊。当舒张晚期室性期前收缩二联律中出现畸形QRS波群的PR间期稳定、QRS形态和预激相似时,PJ间期在鉴别中就至关重要。本文报道2018年11月至2022年1月淄博市中医医院收治的2例涉及预激和舒张晚期室性期前收缩的鉴别诊断。     

心电散点图在恶性室性心律失常预警中的应用

目的 探讨心电散点图在恶性室性心律失常预警中的应用.方法 通过分析猝死前后的心电散点图特征,了解心电散点图在恶性室性心律失常预警中的价值.结果 患者猝死前心电散点图特征:成势的短联律间期室早(RonT室早)、心率变异性降低、QT界线以内的短阵室速、室性并行心律(超宽QRS波群,逆向技术可查阅)等.结论 心电散点图是描述恶性室性心律失常的简洁语言,恶性室性心律失常预警信息特征明显,一目了然.建议尽快把心电散点图技术引入心电监测系统(包括远程心电监测).     

征解25:答案

征解25答案室性心动过速伴心动周期绝对不整诊断要点本图为1例宽QRS波心动过速伴电轴左偏心电图,其QRS波图形呈类左束支阻滞图形,其另一显著特点是RR间期绝对不等,最长RR与最短RR间期的差值为140ms,根据RR间期绝对不整的特点常诊断其为房颤伴预激综合征。但静推胺碘酮后,心室率由原来的220bpm     

应用心电散点图鉴别心房颤动伴宽QRS波群的性质

患者女,75岁,有冠心病、房颤,24h动态心电图检测可见较宽大畸形的QRS波群间歇出现,时限120ms,其后无类代偿间歇,RR间期不等,考虑为间歇性室内阻滞,不排除室性自主心律。经心电散点图分析,该患者部分散点分布在动态房室结功能不应期(AVNFRP)界限与X轴之间,且B线斜率趋近于零,诊断为心房颤动伴室性自主心律。     

阵发性房颤、房扑的心电散点图特征

目的观察阵发性房扑、房颤的心电散点图特征,并探讨其临床意义。方法选择20例阵发性房扑、房颤患者的24小时动态心电图,回顾分析其心电散点图。结果 20例阵发性房颤、房扑患者中,17例可以通过心电散点图区分出不同心律,占总例数85%;3例无法通过心电散点图区分出不同的心律,占总例数15%。结论阵发性房扑一般可以通过心电散点图迅速鉴别,阵发性房颤绝大多数病例可以通过心电散点图迅速鉴别,心电散点图有助于提高海量心电信息中阵发性房扑房颤的分析效率。此外,心电散点图可以获得更多的生理状态下整体动态的心电信息。     

碎片状QRS波与高血压患者室性心律失常发生的关系研究

背景高血压患者室性心律失常的发生率近年来不断增高,但目前仍无有效的预测指标。目的分析碎片状QRS波与高血压患者室性心律失常发生的关系。方法选取2017年6月—2019年6月于西安医学院第二附属医院就诊的高血压患者246例,根据心电图将发生室性心律失常患者分为试验组(n=62),未发生室性心律失常患者为对照组(n=184)。比较两组患者一般资料、高血压分级、实验室检查指标、心电图特征(包括有无P波缩短、PR间期异常、碎片状QRS波、QRS波延长和ST段异常),采用多因素Cox风险比例回归分析碎片状QRS波与高血压患者室性心律失常发生的关系。结果两组患者有无P波缩短、PR间期异常、QRS波延长、ST段异常比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),试验组患者碎片状QRS波发生率高于对照组(P<0.05)。多因素Cox风险比例回归分析结果显示,碎片状QRS波是高血压患者室性心律失常发生的影响因素〔HR=3.431,95%CI(1.502,7.835),P<0.05〕。结论碎片状QRS波是高血压患者室性心律失常的影响因素,可于临床上对高血压患者室性心律失常的风险进行预测。     

Electrocardiographic evolutionary changes and left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-3 Echo substudy

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe the electrocardiographic (ECG) evolutionary changes after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to evaluate their correlation with left ventricular function and remodeling. BACKGROUND: The QRS complex changes after AMI have been correlated with infarct size and left ventricular function. By contrast, the significance of T wave changes is controversial. METHODS: We studied 536 patients enrolled in the GISSI-3-Echo substudy who underwent ECG and echocardiographic studies at 24 to 48 h (S1), at hospital discharge (S2), at six weeks (S3) and six months (S4) after AMI. RESULTS: The number of Qwaves (nQ) and QRS quantitative score (QRSs) did not change over time. From S2 to S4, the number of negative T waves (nT NEG) decreased (p < 0.0001), wall motion abnormalities (%WMA) improved (p < 0.001), ventricular volumes increased (p < 0.0001) while ejection fraction remained stable. According to the T wave changes after hospital discharge, patients were divided into four groups: stable positive T waves (group 1, n = 35), patients who showed a decrease > or =1 in nT NEG (group 2, n = 361), patients with no change in nT NEG (group 3, n = 64) and those with an increase > or =1 in nT NEG (group 4, n = 76). The QRSs and nQ remained stable in all groups. Groups 3 and 4 showed less recovery in %WMA, more pronounced ventricular enlargement and progressive decline in ejection fraction than groups 1 and 2 (interaction time x groups p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of serial ECG can predict postinfarct left ventricular remodeling. Normalization of negative T waves during the follow-up appears more strictly related to recovery of regional dysfunction than QRS changes. Lack of resolution and late appearance of new negative T predict unfavorable remodeling with progressive deterioration of ventricular function.     

扩张性心肌病心电图表现与临床意义探讨

目的：探讨心电图对扩张性心肌病（DCM）的诊断及预后的价值。方法：分析83例DCM病人和86例健康体检者心电图,分析参数包括QRS时限,RV5电压,异常QRS波切迹,异常Q波,心律失常,及ST-T改变。83例扩心病人按QRS时限分为A组（41例,QRS时限〈0.10秒）、B组（14例,0.10秒〈QRS时限〈0.12秒）、C组（20例,QRS时限〉0.12秒）,比较各组纽约心脏病学会（NYHA）分级情况及左、右室内径差异。结果：与健康体检者比较,DCM病人QRS时限明显增宽[（0.086±0.02）比（0.119±0.04）],RV5电压明显减低[（1.58±0.51）比（1.08±0.72）],异常QRS波切迹（5.8%比54.1%）、异常Q波（1.4%比23%）、心律失常（2.9%比67.2%）及ST-T改变（7.2%比100%）发生率明显增加（P〈0.05～0.01）。DCM患者A、B、C组中,心功能II级,C组显著少于A组（20.0%比48.1%）,左室舒张内径C组显著大于A组[（7.03±0.67）mm比（5.68±0.58）mm,P〈0.05]。结论：扩心病患者心电图有显著改变,QRS时限与心功能及左室内径有一定关系,对临床诊断有一定参考价值。     

无人区心电轴判别心房颤动伴宽QRS波群性质的价值研究

目的探讨无人区心电轴判别心房颤动伴宽QRS波群性质的临床意义。方法分析100例心房颤动伴宽QRS波群的心电图。结果100例患者中64例为心房颤动伴心室内差异性传导，其心电轴无一例位于无人区；36例为心房颤动伴室性期前收缩，其中12例心电轴位于无人区。结论宽QRS波群无人区心电轴可以确定为心房颤动伴室性期前收缩，而不是心房颤动伴心室内差异性传导。     

体表心电图I导联QRS呈宽M型左束支传导阻滞的左心室同步性分析

目的:运用组织多普勒和实时三维超声心动图技术分析体表心电图I导联呈宽M型左束支传导阻滞(LBBB)患者的左心室同步性。方法:按体表心电图I导联QRS波是否呈宽M型将46例LBBB患者分为LBBBM型组(20例)和LBBB非M型组(26例),并选择正常对照组40例。用组织多普勒技术分别测定2组患者左心室心肌12个节段的收缩达峰时间(TS),并计算达峰时间差(△TS);以△TS>65ms为标准,判断心肌同步性。用实时三维超声测定左室舒张末容积、收缩末容积和左室射血分数,并应用Qlab定量分析软件,对所有患者的实时三维超声图像对三维数据库进行定量分析,测得到左室整体容积曲线、17节段容积曲线、17节段的平均最大容积(Vmax)及其标准差(Vmax-SD)、平均最小容积(Vmin)及其标准差(Vmin-SD)、最小容积点距离心电图Q波起始点的平均时间(T)及其标准差(T-SD)、17个节段中的最小容积点距离心电图Q波起始点的最大时间差(Tmax)。结果:①以同一心肌壁内不同节段间的△TS>65ms为心肌收缩不同步标准,计算LBBBM型组患者中左心室心肌非同步化的发生率为85.00%(17/20),明显高于LBBB非M...     

Ventricular arrhythmias in patients recovering from myocardial infarction: Do residual myocardial ischemia and anti-ischemic medical intervention influence the one-month prevalence?

The relationship between myocardial ischemia revealed by exercise testing and ventricular arrhythmias on Holter monitoring, and the effect of anti-ischemic intervention on the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with residual ischemia were studied in 125 patients recovering from myocardial infarction. Prior to discharge exercise testing and 24-h Holter monitoring were carried out In patients with ST-segment depression (n = 34), ventricular arrhythmias on Holter monitoring were seen in 7 (21%) compared with 20 (22%) patients without ST-segment depression (NS). Patients were hereafter double-blindly randomized to intervention with verapamil (n = 63) or placebo (n = 62). One month after discharge, 24-h Holter monitoring was repeated. In the verapamil group ventricular arrhythmias increased from 25 to 33% (NS). In the placebo group the figures were 18 and 27%, respectively (NS). In patients with ST-segment depression and verapamil treatment, the prevalence increased from 25 to 38% (NS). In the placebo group the figures were 17 and 22%, respectively (NS). The differences between the groups were not significant. A significantly increased prevalence of ventricular arrhythmias was found in patients with either heart failure or non-Q-wave infarct. In these patients myocardial ischemia during exercise did not correlate with ventricular arrhythmias either. ST-segment depression during predischarge exercise testing correlated with neither the prevalence nor the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias, and anti-ischemic intervention with verapamil did not influence the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in both patients with and without myocardial ischemia.     

Impact of QRS Duration and Ventricular Pacing on Clinical and Arrhythmic Outcomes in Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Recipients: A Multicenter Study

ObjectivesWide QRS duration and ventricular pacing are common in recipients of continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs) but their impact on outcomes remains unclear. We assessed the clinical and arrhythmic outcomes of CF-LVAD patients with wide QRS or right ventricular (RV) pacing at baseline, compared with those with narrow QRS and those with continued cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).Methods and ResultsA total of 520 patients (57 ± 13 years) with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) (n = 240) or CRT-defibrillator (n = 280) who underwent CF-LVAD implantation at 5 centers in 2007–2015 were studied. Patients were divided into 3 groups: ICD-N (QRS ≤120 ms; n = 134), ICD-W (QRS >120 ms; n = 106), and CRT (n = 280). Mortality, hospitalization, and ventricular arrhythmia (VA) incidence were compared among the groups. Baseline QRS duration was different among the groups (100 ± 13 [ICD-N] vs 155 ± 26 [ICD-W] vs 159 ± 29 ms [CRT]; P < .0001). In the ICD-W group, 37 (35%) had >80% RV pacing at baseline. Median biventricular pacing in the CRT group was 96%. Over 523 days of CF-LVAD support, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no difference in survival among groups (log rank P = .9). According to multivariate Cox regression, wide QRS duration and RV pacing were not associated with survival. QRS narrowed during CF-LVAD support in the ICD-W and CRT groups but was not associated with improved survival (P = .9). No differences were noted among the groups in hospitalizations (P = .9), VA (P = .2), or ICD shocks (P = .06).ConclusionsIn this large CF-LVAD cohort, a wide QRS duration, high percentage of RV pacing at baseline, and changes in QRS duration after LVAD implantation were not associated with survival. Continued CRT after CF-LVAD implantation also was not associated with improved survival or HF hospitalizations.     

Fragmented QRS Is Associated with All‐Cause Mortality and Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patient with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Background: Several studies have showed that fragmented QRS complexes (f ‐ QRS, defined as different RSR′ patterns) on a routine 12 ‐ lead electrocardiogram were associated with increased mortality and arrhythmic events in patients with coronary artery disease, but relatively little data were available regarding idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM). Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between fragmentation of QRS and the combined end point of all‐cause mortality and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with IDCM. Methods: One hundred twenty‐eight patients with IDCM and left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction, EF ≤ 40%) were analyzed, respectively. According to QRS duration and the existence of f ‐ QRS on 12‐lead electrocardiograph (ECG), the study populations were divided into three groups: (1) the f ‐ QRS group (QRS <120 ms and with fragmented QRS, n = 51), (2) the wide QRS (wQRS) group (QRS ≥ 120 ms, n = 48), and (3) the nonfragmented QRS (non‐fQRS) group (QRS < 120 ms and without f ‐ QRS, n = 29). Results: During a mean follow‐up of 14 ± 5 months, 25 (19.5%) patients had deaths and ventricular arrhythmic events. The combined end point of all‐cause mortality and ventricular tachyarrhythmias was significantly higher in the f ‐ QRS and wQRS groups than the non‐fQRS group (23.5%, 25%, and 3.4%, respectively; P < 0.05 for both). Event‐free was significantly decreased in the f ‐ QRS group versus the non‐fQRS group (P = 0.02). Univaritae regression analysis revealed that f ‐ QRS was a stronger predictor of mortality and arrhythmic events in IDCM patients. Conclusion: f ‐ QRS on 12‐lead ECG has a high predictive value for the combined end point of all‐cause mortality and ventricular tachyarrhythmias in IDCM patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2011;16(3):270–275