中国大陆地壳上地幔电性特征

根据大地电磁测深调查结果，编制了中国大陆３０，９０，１５０ｋｍ三个深度的电阻率图以及壳内低阻层和上地幔低阻层的顶面深度图。在９０ｋｍ深度的电阻率图上发现了一个自松辽盆地直到扬子地台西南缘的北东－南西向巨大低阻异常带．１５０ｋｍ深度的电阻率图上显示出在低阻的背景上镶嵌着一些高阻块体．中国大陆的壳内低阻层深度国基本上反映了地温场的特征，壳内低阻层上隆区基本上对应于高地温区．中国大陆的上地幔低阻层深度变化大．最浅处仅５０－６０ｋｍ，大多位于构造活动地区；最深处达２００ｋｍ以上，大部分对应于稳定地区．中国大陆的上地幔低阻层平均深度为１００－１２０ｋｍ，东部浅，西部深。     

中朝准地台东部的地壳上地幔Q＿β结构

根据中国数字化地震台网（ＣＤＳＮ）记录到的长周期面波资料，测定了中朝准地台东部地区周期从１０～１４６ｓ的基阶瑞雷波Ｑ_Ｒ值．并用随机逆反演方法反演得到了４条路径上的地壳上地幔Ｑ_β模型．结果表明：中朝准地台东部地区的地壳平均Ｑ_β值为２００左右，地壳中部（深度１０～２０ｋｍ处）有弱衰减层，该层可能与壳内易震层有关．在地幔顶部普遍存在一个厚约７０ｋｍ的强衰减层（低Ｑ值层），其顶部埋藏深度约为８０ｋｍ．中朝准地台东部地区的基阶瑞雷波实测Ｑ_Ｒ平均值介于构造稳定区和构造活动区之间，而更趋近于构造活动区域．     

用单台Z／H法研究陕西地区深部电导率

利用陕西地磁台站的磁静日资料和单台Ｚ／Ｈ磁测深法研究了陕西地区深部电导率状况。多年和多台的平均结果为：陕西地区电磁感应比例尺度Ｃｒ１约９００ｋｍ，高于磁场梯度法测定的华北地区结果，但接近单台Ｚ／Ｈ法测定的兰州地区值；Ｃｒ２为５００ｋｍ，和华北地区的结果接近；Ｃｉ－Ｔ曲线高于华北地区值；内外场之比｜Ｑ１｜、｜Ｑ２｜、｜Ｑ３｜约为０．４，和全球平均结果一致；σ＊－ｈ１曲线显示在２５０ｋｍ附近有一高电导层。     

腾冲全新世火山区P波和S波速度及其比值

９个发生于观测台网区域上地壳内的地震,用Ｐ波到时定位,从ＴＰ～Ｔs－Ｐ图得出高Ｖ Ｐ／Ｖs值,显示了低速Ｓ波存在的信息。在资料有限情况下,假设震中距不变,反演震源 深度,发震时,ＶＰ和Ｖs,得出ＶＰ＝５．９０ｋｍ／ｓ,Ｖｓ＝３．０４ｋｍ／ｓ,ＶＰ／Ｖｓ＝２．９４。Ｖｐ比区域的同深度平均Ｐ波速度６．０ｋｍ／ｓ低１．７％,Ｖs 比按弹介质的Ｓ波速度＝Ｖｐ／１．７３２低１２．４％。这种低速结果符合富含液性物质     

腾冲火山及邻区速度结构的三维层析成象

利用１９８４～１９９８年新间期间发生在腾冲火山及邻区３０个台站记录的数知个地震的Ｐ波资料,采用地震层析成象法重建了腾冲火山及邻区地壳、上地幔不同深度的三维速度结构层析成象图。结果给出,在腾冲火山区下面地壳内约３～９ｋｍ存在低速带,扰动量达－２０％;１０～１５ｋｍ深度为高波速带,扰动量达７．３％;１６～２４ｋｍ深度为低波速带。扰动量达－９．１％;２５～４０ｋｍ为波速带,扰一达１０％;大于莫霍面深度（     

延庆─怀来地区地壳细结构──利用深地震反射剖面

１９９２年底在延庆－怀来地区实施了深地震反射剖面测量，目的是通过对该区地壳细结构的研究来探讨延庆－怀来盆地形成演化的机制和过程，以及与该区地震活动图像的关系．结果表明，研究区上部地壳总体上呈“透明”性质，厚２５－２６ｋｍ；下部地壳具有强烈的反射性质，厚约１４－１５ｋｍ．壳幔过渡带是由双程走时约２ｓ和厚约５－６ｋｍ的水平反射叠层所组成，莫霍界面具有深度深（约３９－４０ｋｍ）和平坦的特点。     

延庆─怀来地区地壳细结构──利用深地震反射剖面

１９９２年底在延庆－怀来地区实施了深地震反射剖面测量，目的是通过对该区地壳细结构的研究来探讨延庆－怀来盆地形成演化的机制和过程，以及与该区地震活动图像的关系．结果表明，研究区上部地壳总体上呈“透明”性质，厚２５－２６ｋｍ；下部地壳具有强烈的反射性质，厚约１４－１５ｋｍ．壳幔过渡带是由双程走时约２ｓ和厚约５－６ｋｍ的水平反射叠层所组成，莫霍界面具有深度深（约３９－４０ｋｍ）和平坦的特点。     

用天然地震探测青藏高原中部地壳、上地幔结构

从西藏南部的定日、嘎拉至青海铜铁山的天然地震探测剖面，实际路线长约２０００ｋｍ，布设了约１１０台便携地震仪，记录了数百次远震和近震事件，采用多种方法进行了资料处理与解释．依据ＳＫＳ，ＰＫＳ，ｐｓ等横波分裂特征计算的青藏高原中部上地幔的地震各向异性表明：研究区各构造单元内的地震各向异性有明显变化，发现上地幔各向异性快速波的偏振方向与造山带的走向不完全一致．在雅江缝合线、崩错－嘉黎、唐古拉山口、昆仑山口几条断裂带处南、北各向异性出现显著的差异，而金沙江缝合线和班公－怒江缝合线的南、北则没有明显的各向异性变化．由Ｐ波走时残差，利用层析技术反演了４００ｋｍ深度内的速度图像，可以看出近地表１００ｋｍ范围内速度的不均匀变化与地表划分的构造单元很吻合，进一步佐证了青藏高原是由不同时期的微板块拼合而成的认识．在青藏高原中部１５０ｋｍ深度以下发现了多处低速区．在金沙江缝合带下方约２００ｋｍ深度处有一长２５０ｋｍ以上、延伸１５０ｋｍ的低速体，推测可能是一地幔柱．利用ＰＳ转换波划分的界面，显示出青藏高原北部具有低速层和高速层交替出现的地壳结构．     

腾冲火山区地壳结构的人工地震探测

介绍在腾冲地区完成的由一条近南北方向纵测线和两条近东西向的非纵测线组成的人工地震测深工程以及对纵测线资料解释的初步结果。上地壳的平均速度为５．９ｋｍ／ｓ,顶界面深度为２３ｋｍ左右;中地壳可分为２层,平均速度为６．１７ｋｍ／ｓ;纵线的平均地壳厚度为４０ｋｍ。在团田至腾冲之间的基底速度相当低（５．８０ｋｍ／ｓ）。在腾冲与固东之间的中地壳界面有局部上拱现象。局部地区的地壳速度偏低以及壳低界面上拱可能与岩     

中朝准地台东部的地壳上地幔Ｑ结构y

根据中国数字化地震台网（CDSN）记录到的长周期面波资料，测定了中朝准地台东部地区周期从10～146 s的基阶瑞雷波ＱR值．并用随机逆反演方法反演得到了4条路径上的地壳上地幔Ｑ模型．结果表明:中朝准地台东部地区的地壳平均Ｑ值为200左右，地壳中部（深度10～20 km处）有弱衰减层，该层可能与壳内易震层有关．在地幔顶部普遍存在一个厚约70 km的强衰减层（低Ｑ值层），其顶部埋藏深度约为80 km．中朝准地台东部地区的基阶瑞雷波实测ＱR平均值介于构造稳定区和构造活动区之间，而更趋近于构造活动区域．      

THE DEPTH OF MOHO INTERFACE AND CRUSTAL THICKNESS IN SICHUAN-YUNNAN REGION,CHINA

By using moving average method to separate Bouguer gravity anomaly field in Sichuan-Yunnan region, we got the low-frequency Bouguer gravity anomaly field which reflects the undulating of Moho interface. The initial model is obtained after seismic model transformation and elevation correction. Then, we used Parker method to invert the low-frequency Bouguer gravity anomaly field to obtain the depth of Moho interface and crustal thickness in the area. The results show that the Qinghai-Tibet block in the northwest of the study area deepens and thickens from the edge to the interior, with the depth of Moho interface and the crust thickness of about 52~62km and 54~66km, respectively. The depth of Moho interface in Sichuan Basin is about 38~42km. In Sichuan-Yunnan block, the depth of Moho interface is about 42~62km from southeast to northwest. Beneath the West Yunnan block, west of the Red River fault zone, the Moho depth is about 34~52km from south to north. The Longmen Mountains and Red River fault zone are the gradient zone of the Moho depth change. Along the Red River fault zone, the depth difference of Moho interface is increasing gradually from north to south. No obvious uplift is found on the Moho interface of Panzhihua rift valley. The depth of Moho interface distribution in Sichuan and Yunnan is obviously restricted by the collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate and the lateral subduction of the Indo-China peninsula. The mean square error of the depth of Moho interface is less than 1.7km between the result of divisional density interface inversion and artificial seismic exploration. At the same time, we compared the integral with divisional inversion result. It shows that:in areas where there is obvious difference between the crust velocity and density structure in different tectonic blocks, the use of high resolution seismic exploration data as the constraints to the divisional density interface inversion can effectively improve the reliability of inversion results.     

FOCAL MECHANISM SOLUTION AND TECTONIC STRESS FIELD CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MIDDLE TIANSHAN MOUNTAINS,XINJIANG

The middle part of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang is located in the north-central part of the Tianshan orogenic belt, between the rigid Tarim Basin and Junggar Basin. It is one of the regions with frequent deformation and strong earthquake activities. In this paper, 492 M_S>2.5 earthquake events recorded by Xinjiang seismograph network from 2009 to 2018 were collected. The M_S3.5 earthquake was taken as the boundary, the focal mechanism solutions of the earthquake events in this region were calculated by CAP method and FOCEMEC method respectively. At the same time the focal mechanism solutions of GCMT recorded historical earthquake events in this region were also collected. According to the global stress map classification standard, the moderate-strong earthquakes in the region are mainly dominated by thrust with a certain slip component, which are distributed near the combined belts of the Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin, Turpan Basin and Yili Basin with Tianshan Mountains. The thrust component decreases from south to north, while the strike-slip component increases. The spatial distribution characteristics of the tectonic stress field in the middle section of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang are obtained by using the damped regional-scale stress field inversion method. The maximum principal compressive stress in axis the study area rotated in a fan shape from west to east, the NW direction in the western section gradually shifted to NE direction, its elevation angle is nearly horizontal, in the state of near horizontal compression. The minimum principal compressive stress axis is nearly EW, and the elevation angle is nearly vertical. Influenced by large fault zones such as Kashi River, Bolhinur, Nalati, Fukang, the southern margin of the Junggar and the north Beiluntai, the local regional stress field presents complex diversity. Under the influence of the northward extrusion of Pamir and Tarim blocks, the whole Tianshan is shortened by compression, but its shortening rate decreases from south to north and from west to east, the stress shape factor increases gradually from west to east, the intermediate principal compressive stress axis exhibits a change in compression to extension. There are some differences in the characteristics of tectonic stress field between the north and south of Tianshan Mountains. The regional maximum principal compressive stress axis is 15° north by east on the south side, while it is nearly NS on the north side. The deformation of the Tianshan Mountains and the two basins on both sides is obviously larger than that in the inside of the mountain. Changes in the crustal shortening rate caused by the rotation of the rigid Tarim block and Junggar block to the relatively soft Tianshan block, as well as the uplifts of Borokonu and Bogda Mountains, the comprehensive influence of the material westward expansion constitute the stress field distribution characteristics of the north and south sides of the middle section of Tianshan Mountains. The recent two M_S6.6 earthquakes in the region caused the regional stress field to rotate counterclockwise. The post-earthquake stress field and the main source focal mechanism solution tend to be consistent. The seismic activity in the study area is week in the south and strong in the north. The focal depth is about 20km. Most strike-slip earthquakes occur near the junction belt of the Tianshan and Junggar Basin.     

A finite difference study on the basement structure beneath the Tianshan Orogen

We use the Pg seismic phase along the Korla-Jimsar profile across the Tianshan orogen and the 3D finite difference method to inverse the velocity structure of the upper crust beneath the basement of this mountain. Based on the velocity structure, the Korla-Jimsar profile can be divided into three parts, i.e. the north edge of the Tarim basin, the Tianshan orogen, and the south margin of the Junggar basin. Within the Tianshan there is a pattern of four convexities and three concavities, which correspond to the southern Tianshan, the Yanqi basin, the middle Tianshan, the Turpan basin, and the Bogda Mountains. In the north edge of the Tarim basin, the basement is about 10km deep with small lateral variations of velocity. In the Tianshan the velocity varies greatly laterally. The basement depth of the Yanqi basin is 6 km, which becomes shallow rapidly northward, and almost to the surface at the middle Tianshan. South to Kumux there is a small intermountain basin, where the maximum basement depth is 3 km, and also turns very shallow near Kumux. The Luntai fault, which bounds the Tarim basin and Tianshan, has vertical dislocation of about 5 km. The Turpan basin is covered with so thick a sediment that its basement is 7 km deep. The boundary fault between the Tianshan and Turpan is the Bolohoro fault which is characterized by quick deepening basement and 7 km vertical dislocation. In the Junggar basin the basement is 8 km deep. On the Korla-Jimsar profile, the velocity distribution of the upper crust and the structure are featured by NS symmetry on both sides of the axis of the Middle Tianshan, consistent with the deep structure revealed by this profile. It means that the Tarim basin and the Junggar basin underthrust toward the Tianshan from south and north, respectively. Such a structural style is different from that of another profile, i.e. the Xayar-Burjing profile, suggesting that there may be an important tectonic boundary between these two profiles.     

帕米尔东北侧地壳结构研究

1998年在帕米尔东北侧伽师及其周边地区完成了两条深地震宽角反射/折射剖面. 结果表明,西昆仑、塔里木和天山在地壳速度结构、构造特征上显示出较大差异. 塔里木块体具有稳定地块的地壳结构特征,地壳平均速度较高(6.5km/s). 向南进入西昆仑,地壳明显增厚,厚度可达0km左右,且地壳平均速度偏低(6.0-6.2km/s),偏低的地壳平均速度主要来源于相对低速度的下地壳结构,反映了西昆仑褶皱系下地壳介质的特征. 向北进入天山后,地壳同样明显增厚,但增厚的程度低于西昆仑下,约为50-55km. 天山地壳同样具有明显低的平均速度(6.2km/s),显示了天山地壳相对"软"的特征,但天山地壳偏低的平均速度来源于广泛分布于中地壳的低速度层和速度偏低的下地壳. 在印度块体向北强烈推挤的作用下,该区地壳遭受强烈的不均匀变形,塔里木块体向南插入西昆仑下,向北插入天山下,形成了该区强烈地震频繁发生的深部构造环境.     

FAULT ACTIVITY OF THE SOUTHWESTERN SEGMENT OF THE EASTERN BRANCH OF XINYI-LIANJIANG FAULT ZONE IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE

The NE-trending Xinyi-Lianjiang fault zone is a tectonic belt, located in the interior of the Yunkai uplift in the west of Guangdong Province, clamping the Lianjiang synclinorium and consisting of the eastern branch and the western branch. The southwestern segment of the eastern branch of Xinyi-Lianjiang fault zone, about 34km long, extends from the north of Guanqiao, through Lianjiang, to the north of Hengshan. However, it is still unclear about whether the segment extends to Jiuzhoujiang alluvial plain or not, which is in the southwest of Hengshan. If it does, what is about its fault activity? According to ‘Catalogue of the Modern Earthquakes of China’, two moderately strong earthquakes with magnitude 6.0 and 6.5 struck the Lianjiang region in 1605 AD. So it is necessary to acquire the knowledge about the activity of the segment fault, which is probably the corresponding seismogenic structure of the two destructive earthquakes. And the study on the fault activity of the segment can boost the research on seismotectonics of moderately strong earthquakes in Southeast China. In order to obtain the understanding of the existence of the buried fault of the southwestern segment, shallow seismic exploration profiles and composite borehole sections have been conducted. The results indicate its existence. Two shallow seismic exploration profiles show that buried depth of the upper breakpoints and vertical throw of the buried fault are 60m and 4~7m(L5-1 and L5-2 segment, the Hengshan section), 85m and 5~8m(L5-3 segment), 73m and 3~5m(Tiantouzai section), respectively and all of them suggest the buried fault has offset the base of the Quaternary strata. Two composite borehole sections reveal that the depth of the upper breakpoints and vertical throws of the buried segment are about 66m and 7.5m(Hengshan section) and 75m and 5m(Tiantouzai section), respectively. The drilling geological section in Hengshan reveals that the width of the fault could be up to 27m. Chronology data of Quaternary strata in the two drilling sections, obtained by means of electron spin resonance(ESR), suggest that the latest activity age of the buried fault of the southwestern segment is from late of early Pleistocene(Tiantouzai section) to early stage of middle Pleistocene(Hengshan section). Slip rates, obtained by Hengshan section and Tiantouzai section, are 0.1mm/a and 0.013mm/a, respectively. As shown by the fault profile located in a bedrock exposed region in Shajing, there are at least two stages of fault gouge and near-horizontal striation on the fault surface, indicating that the latest activity of the southwestern segment is characterized by strike-slip movement. Chronology data suggest that the age of the gouge formed in the later stage is(348±49) ka.     

帕米尔及邻区地壳上地幔P波三维速度结构的研究

研究了帕米尔及邻区(65°E-80°E,30°N-45°N,深度0-2km)的P波三维速度结构. 所使用的59054条初至P波到时数据取自ISC的73个台站对5402个地震的记录报告,这些地震和台站都在研究区内. 以水平面上1°×1°和不等的深度间隔(随深度在20-90km之间变化)划分网格并设置初始三维速度模型,用近似弯曲快速射线追踪方法计算走时和射线路径,用LSQR方法进行反演. 反演结果的分辨率用检验板方法进行了讨论,并引入了定量描述还原程度质量的两个参数. 初步结果表明:(1)天山山脉的km深度处,在东部和西部各有一个明显高速区,而在74°E、41°N附近的低速区可能与天山地表大断层在该处被大幅错开相关. 在75°E附近的天山山脉下,波速在40-60km深度偏高,而在60-90km深度(或更深)又偏低,反映了天山下方构造和物性的复杂性. (2)在由帕米尔构造"结"南侧往北直至天山以北的速度纵剖面上,显示了印度-欧亚板块在帕米尔构造"结"地区的强烈碰撞挤压作用:在抬高地面形成高原的同时,也把浅部速度较低的地壳岩石层介质俯冲拖曳到了深部.     

SHALLOW STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ZHUYANGGUAN-XIAGUAN FAULT IN THE NANYANG BASIN

The Zhuyangguan-Xiaguan fault is a major fault in the Nanyang Basin. Together with the the Shangxian-Danfeng fault in the south and the Tieluzi fault in the north, it serves as the north boundary of the East Qingling Mountains, as well as the dividing line between North China and South China blocks. This work studied the spatial extension, activity and shallow structure of Zhuyangguan-Xiaguan Fault by combination of shallow seismic exploration of three profiles across the fault and a composite drilling cross-section data. The anti-interference and high resolution shallow seismic reflection exploration method based on Vibseis techniques was used in the seismic survey. The results show the existence of the main fault and its southern branch. It can be determined that the the Zhuyangguan-Xiaguan fault is a NWW-trending normal fracture. The composite drilling cross-section reveals that the buried depth of the fault's up-breakpoint is about 17.6 to 20.5 meters and the latest active time is the late Middle Pleistocene. As one of the major buried faults in the Nanyang Basin, the Zhuyangguan-Xiaguan fault has restricted the development of Nanyang City for a long time due to its unclear location and activity characteristics. The results of this study can provide geological and geophysical evidence for seismic risk assessment and site selection for the major lifeline projects in Nanyang City.     

阴洼山断裂全新世活动特征与年代学研究

阴洼山断裂属于河西走廊内的断裂带,位于嘉峪关以西28km的阴洼山北侧及附近,呈NW向延伸,长25km,自NW向SE具有活动时代逐渐变新的特点。其西北段仅切错了白垩系和上新统,中段则切错到上更新统(被断最新坡积物22.4kaBP,覆盖坡积物8.6kaBP),而东南段切错了全新统(断层楔堆积物4.8～5.1kaBP)。断裂的活动性质在剖面上表现为西南盘上升、东北盘下降的相对位移,而平面上为右行的走滑。该断裂在晚更新世末(10～11kaBP左右)和全新世中期(5kaBP左右)发生过2次明显的新活动     

青藏高原及其邻近地区的地球物理场特征与大陆板块构造

本文搜集了现在已知的关于青藏高原地区的各种地球物理场特征,即:该区的地壳与上地幔构造,地磁场要素的分布,航空磁测的结果,古地磁极移轨迹,重力异常与均衡补偿,地热活动与温泉分布,地震活动以及深地震探测等研究结果,来探讨它与大陆板块构造的关系。 研究的初步结果表明,印度洋板块与欧亚板块交接地带的北界为雅鲁藏布江,南界为恒河平原的北缘。喜马拉雅地带为这两大板块碰撞与挤压的过渡带,其宽度约300公里左右。这一地带的大、小地震绝大部分是浅源地震,只在弧形山系和东西弧顶及其转折部位有中源地震。在这一过渡带内水热活动剧烈,重力也不均衡。 雅鲁藏布江以北到当雄一带,地壳厚度为70-73公里,喜马拉雅地区则为68-45公里左右,并向南翘起。地壳由多层介质组成,在下地壳中存在着低速层。断层面解表现为向南逆冲,主压应力轴基本上为南北向和北东向,且与震源深度相关。现在构造活动与地震活动似均逐渐向南移到主边界大断层一带。 在雅鲁藏布江以北,小震震源深度向南递加,而在恒河平原以北,则向北递加。此外,在上述两个地区均有零星的中源地震发生。因此,喜马拉雅地带的南北两侧有相向“俯冲”之势。在兴都库什地区,中源地震震源面北倾;在帕米尔地带,中源地震震源面南倾。因此,震源面构成了“V”字     

南天山及塔里木北缘构造带西段地震构造研究

南天山及塔里木北缘构造带位于帕米尔地区东北侧,地震活动强烈。文中通过地质构造剖面、深部探测资料和地震震源机制解资料,综合研究了该区的地震构造模型。结果认为,该区的构造活动主要表现为天山地块逆冲于塔里木地块之上。天山构造系统包括迈丹断裂及其前缘推覆构造;塔里木构造系统包括深部的塔里木北缘断裂、基底共轭断层和浅部的推覆构造。塔里木北缘断裂是发育于塔里木地壳内部的高角度断裂,其形成原因在于塔里木和天山构造变形方向的差异。塔里木北缘断裂为研究区大地震的主要发震构造,天山推覆构造和塔里木基底断裂系统均具有不同性质的中强地震发震能力