老年患者经桡动脉介入治疗术后急性桡动脉闭塞危险因素分析

目的:观察老年患者(≥60岁)接受桡动脉冠状动脉介入诊疗(TRI)术后桡动脉急性闭塞(RAO)的发生率,并探讨影响老年患者TRI术后发生RAO的相关因素。方法:选择2006年8月至2009年2月,于北京安贞医院12病房择期TRI≥60岁的老年患者1 256例,根据术后是否发生RAO分为正常组和RAO组,通过多因素Logistic回归分析与RAO有关的危险因素。记录手术相关参数,包括桡动脉穿刺次数、鞘管型号、手术时间、术中肝素用量及术后桡动脉压迫止血时间。疑有桡动脉闭塞的患者通过多普勒超声确诊。结果:1.1 256例TRI患者急性RAO发生率2.2%(28/1256例)。与正常组相比,RAO组患者中女性、糖尿病和既往行TRI患者的比例较高,RAO组术中平均肝素用量明显低于正常组〔(3 826±523)IU vs.(7 425±980)IU,P=0.008〕,术后压迫时间长于正常组〔(378.9±35.4)min vs.264.7±43.2)min,P=0.003〕,且RAO组患者应用7F动脉鞘的比例较高(10.7%vs.1.9%,P=0.029);Logistic回归分析显示,7F动脉鞘管、肝素用量偏低及术后桡动脉压迫时间过长,是影响RAO发生的独立危险因素。结论:老年患者TRI术中选择尺寸合适的动脉鞘管、足够强度的抗凝治疗、避免术后过长时间的压迫止血等均有利于减少RAO的发生。     

经桡动脉冠状动脉介入诊疗术后桡动脉损伤的影响因素评价

目的验证经桡动脉冠状动脉介入诊疗术后桡动脉损伤的影响因素。方法 56例研究对象均选自广西省百色市人民医院2016年10月—2017年10月接收的经桡动脉冠状动脉介入诊疗术患者,将其随机分为观察组和对照组,各28例。观察组为5F动脉鞘管组,对照组为6F动脉鞘管组,观察两组患者术后桡动脉损伤的影响因素。结果观察组的患肢疼痛、前臂血肿、桡动脉内膜增厚、RAO、RAS等状况明显低于对照组,差异有统计学有意义(P0.05);两组患者都未出现假性动脉瘤、前臂大血肿、骨筋膜室综合征和动静脉瘘等状况;另外,观察组术后压迫止血时间为(4.25±0.45)h,明显少于对照组的(6.35±0.85)(P0.05)。结论采用直径小的动脉鞘管进行桡动脉冠状动脉介入诊疗术,可有效减小RAO的发生,防止术后压迫出血状况,并降低桡动脉内膜损伤程度,使患者的舒适度提升。     

经桡动脉介入治疗术后桡动脉闭塞的干预及效果评价

目的观察对经桡动脉介入治疗术(PCI)后桡动脉闭塞(RAO)危险因素进行干预的效果。方法将609例同期于我院行经桡动脉PCI的患者随机分为干预组316例和常规组293例,两组均采用传统操作步骤行经桡动脉PCI,其中干预组对鞘管、导管型号选择及肝素用量、鞘管留置时间、桡动脉压迫器止血方法等进行改良,同时对桡动脉搏动减弱者于解除包扎后徒手持续压迫同侧尺动脉约1 h。观察两组肝素用量、桡动脉鞘外径、造影导管外径及桡动脉搏动情况、术后不适(疼痛、肢体麻木及肢体肿胀)发生情况。结果干预组肝素用量显著大于常规组,桡动脉鞘外径及造影导管外径均显著小于常规组(P=0.000);干预组桡动脉减弱及RAO发生率均显著低于常规组(P分别<0.05及0.01),术后疼痛、肢体麻木、肢体肿胀不适发生率亦显著低于常规组(P均<0.01)。结论通过合理选择鞘管、导管,应用足量肝素、减少鞘管留置时间,改善桡动脉压迫器止血、减压方法,及对桡动脉搏动减弱者适时实施尺动脉压迫等措施,可降低患者RAO发生率、提高舒适度。     

经桡动脉冠状脉介入术后三种压迫止血器对桡动脉局部并发症的影响随机对照研究

目的评价三种常用压迫止血器对经桡动脉行冠状动脉介入术(TRI)后桡动脉压迫止血的安全性。方法将2017年4月至2018年6月连续经桡动脉行TRI后使用桡动脉压迫器的480例患者随机(1:1:1)分为3组:平板加压压迫止血器(BT)组(n=157)、气囊式压迫止血器(TR)组(n=160)与旋钮式压迫止血器(RCD)组(n=159),主要研究终点是24 h桡动脉闭塞(RAO)发生率,次要终点是术后血肿、水疱发生率及术后30d RAO发生率。结果 480例患者,平均年龄(60.71±11.58)岁,男性占(74.4)%,3组患者基线资料相似。术后24h RAO发生率BT组明显高于RCD组(16.6% vs.7.5%,P=0.013),TR组与BT组、RCD组相比无差异(10.0% vs.16.6%,P=0.08;10.0% vs.7.5%,P=0.40)。BT组、TR组和RCD组前臂血肿发生率相似(40.1% vs.38.1% vs.32.7%,P0.05)。水疱发生率BT组明显高于RCD组(7.0% vs.1.3%,P=0.01)。30 d随访RAO发生率BT组7.1%,TR组3.8%和RCD组3.2%(P均0.05)。多因素回归分析影响24 h RAO的因素是使用BT加压止血器、动脉内径与鞘管外径比值(RAID/SOD)1和压迫止血时间6 h。结论三种压迫止血器均可达到安全有效止血的目的;TR和RCD压迫止血器相较BT压迫止血器可降低桡动脉局部并发症的发生率。     

改良止血法降低急性冠状动脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后桡动脉闭塞的效果

目的比较改良止血法与标准桡动脉压迫法减少急性冠状动脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)患者经桡动脉行经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗后桡动脉闭塞(radial artery occlusion,RAO)发生的效果。方法纳入2016年5月至2018年11月佛山市中医院经桡动脉PCI治疗的ACS患者300例:术后通过标准桡动脉压迫(n=150)或改良止血法(n=150)进行桡动脉止血。记录了介入结束时激活凝血时间(activated clotting time,ACT)并通过反向Barbeau测验评估24 h内的鞘管去除情况。结果标准桡动脉压迫组的RAO发病率明显高于改良止血法组,差异有统计学意义[16.0%(24/150)vs. 5.3%(8/150),P=0.003]。RAO的单变量预测因素是改良止血法(OR=0.30,95%CI:0.13～0.68,P=0.004),高脂血症(OR=0.46,95%CI:0.21～0.98,P=0.04),目前吸烟史(OR=2.65,95%CI:1.21～5.8,P=0.015)和手术时间长(OR=1.03,95%CI:1.01～1.05,P=0.003)。事件结束时ACT和RAO之间没有关联(OR=1.00,95%CI:0.9～1.01,P=1.00)。校正协变量后,与标准桡动脉压迫比较,改良止血法将RAO的风险减少了70%(OR=0.30,95%CI:0.12～0.77,P=0.12)。模型区分能力的c统计量的值是0.79(95%CI:0.71～0.86,P0.001)。逆处理概率加权分析显示改良止血法是减少RAO的一种独立的预测因素(OR=0.38,95%CI:0.15～0.95,P=0.039)。结论改良止血法对预防ACS患者早期RAO是有效的。     

新型桡动脉止血器在临床介入中的对比研究

目的:对比分析新型壳聚糖止血敷料止血装置在桡动脉介入术后的临床应用。方法:2011年2月至2012年6月,在安贞医院心内科12病房经桡动脉行介入治疗1 206例患者(其中经排除标准及经股动脉途径共计132例,反关脉3例)共计1 071例患者入选。常规应用6F动脉鞘管,当需要一些特殊介入技术时(如:左主干病变、双支架术或旋磨术)更换为7F动脉鞘。将入选患者随机分为两组:普通桡动脉止血板组(OD)535例和壳聚糖止血敷料组(CD)536例。观察术后即刻及出院时桡动脉主、次临床观察指标。结果:两组入选患者基线特征显示:在年龄、性别、吸烟、血糖、血脂、高血压及体质量指数等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在使用7F鞘管,以及术后使用GPIIb/IIIa受体拮抗剂等方面,壳聚糖止血敷料压迫组高于传统止血板组(P<0.05)。在满意度方面,壳聚糖止血敷料压迫止血组明显高于前者。两组通过研究对于术后内膜影响差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。主要临床观察指标方面:出血、血肿、假性动脉瘤、前臂疼痛或不适、桡动脉内膜损伤及桡动脉闭塞等逐层进行分析,两组未见显著差别,但总血管并发症方面,壳聚糖止血敷料组明显低于止血板组。结论:对于介入术中使用7F鞘管,术后应用大量抗凝的患者,在减少总血管并发症方面以及患者满意度等方面,壳聚糖止血敷料压迫组具有很大优势。     

脉搏血氧仪在老年冠心病患者经桡动脉途径经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后桡动脉压迫止血中的应用效果

目的分析脉搏血氧仪在老年冠心病患者经桡动脉途径经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后桡动脉压迫止血中的应用效果。方法选取2014年2月—2016年2月在宿迁市泗洪县人民医院住院并行经桡动脉途径PCI的老年冠心病患者152例,根据止血方式分为常规组75例和测试组77例。常规组患者采用桡动脉止血器压迫止血,测试组患者在桡动脉止血器压迫止血基础上采用脉搏血氧仪进行监测。比较两组患者实验室检查指标、血糖、血压,PCI术后3 d桡动脉狭窄(RAS)及桡动脉闭塞(RAO)发生情况。结果两组患者总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、尿酸、肌酐、血糖及收缩压、舒张压比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PCI术后3 d常规组患者RAS、RAO发生率高于测试组(P<0.05)。结论脉搏血氧仪在老年冠心病患者经桡动脉途径PCI术后桡动脉压迫止血中的应用效果良好,有助于减少RAS及RAO的发生。     

经桡动脉冠脉介入诊疗后两种压迫器止血效果的比较

目的:比较经桡动脉冠脉介入术后使用螺旋式和气囊式两种桡动脉压迫器的止血效果。方法 :随机抽取近2年来经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉介入术的400例患者,螺旋压迫器组、气囊压迫器组各200例,对单纯行冠脉造影者使用5F动脉鞘,而行PCI者根据情况使用6F动脉鞘。对两组患者的初次止血的成功率、肢体肿胀程度以及并发症的发生率进行比较。结果 :两组患者初次止血成功率及手掌肿胀程度并无差异,螺旋式压迫器组前臂肿胀的发生率高于气囊式压迫器组,但其皮肤并发症的发生率低于气囊式压迫器组。结论 :两种压迫器均可获得满意的止血效果,但在并发症的发生方面各具优势和不足,尚有改进的空间。     

个体化预测经桡动脉介入治疗术后桡动脉狭窄或闭塞风险的列线图模型构建

目的 构建预测经桡动脉介入治疗术后桡动脉狭窄或闭塞(radial artery stenosis or occlusion, RAO)风险的列线图模型。方法 选择2019年6月至2021年6月行经桡动脉介入治疗术的254例患者为研究对象,并按照7∶3分为建模队列(n=178)与验证队列(n=76)。根据是否发生RAO分为RAO组和非RAO组,收集患者临床资料。多因素logistic回归分析经桡动脉介入治疗术后RAO的影响因素。R3.6.3软件及rms程序包构建预测经桡动脉介入治疗术后RAO发生风险的列线图模型。采用校准曲线、受试者操作特征曲线(receiver operator characteristic curve, ROC curve)对Nomogram模型进行内部验证(建模队列)以及外部验证(验证队列)。结果 建模队列178例经桡动脉介入治疗术后患者发生RAO的有42例,未发生RAO的有136例,发生率23.60%。RAO组糖尿病患者比例及鞘管留置时间显著高于非RAO组,桡动脉内径及肝素使用量显著低于非RAO组(P均<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,桡...     

经桡动脉4F导管行冠状动脉造影的可行性与安全性研究

目的评价4F造影导管经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉造影的可行性与安全性。方法入选2008年5月至2009年5月于安贞医院就诊初次行冠状动脉造影的患者947例,使用随机数字表随机分为4F导管组和5F导管组。比较两组间造影成功率、造影图像质量、手术时间、对比剂用量、压迫止血时间、单导管完成率、导管打结率、桡动脉痉挛发生率以及术中和术后不良心血管事件,分别于术前24h,术后24h,术后4周行右桡动脉彩色多普勒超声。结果 4F导管组和5F导管组在造影成功率、造影图像质量、手术时间、对比剂用量、单导管完成率、导管打结率、桡动脉痉挛发生率等方面差异均无统计学意义,压迫止血时间4F组显著短于5F组(4.62±0.98)h比(6.36±0.93)h,P<0.001。除5F组一例患者于术中出现心室颤动外,两组患者均未出现院内、院外死亡、急性血栓事件、严重出血事件、前臂大血肿等;4F组桡动脉闭塞、桡动脉内膜增厚率均显著少于5F组(分别为0.60%比2.30%,P=0.038;1.10%比4.10%,P=0.003)。结论 4F造影导管经桡动脉行冠状动脉造影术安全、可行,同时对桡动脉损伤小,血管并发症少,术后压迫止血时间短,舒适度更高。     

Efficacy and safety of transient ulnar artery compression to recanalize acute radial artery occlusion after transradial catheterization

Radial artery occlusion (RAO) can result from transradial catheterization. We compared the incidence of RAO with 2 heparin dosage regimens after transradial coronary angiography, and we evaluated the efficacy and safety of transient homolateral ulnar artery compression to achieve acute radial artery recanalization. Patients referred for coronary angiography were randomized to very-low-dose heparin (2,000 IU) or low-dose heparin (5,000 IU). On sheath removal, hemostasis was obtained using the TR band with a plethysmography-guided patent hemostasis technique. In the case of RAO as assessed by duplex ultrasonography 3 to 4 hours after hemostasis, immediate 1-hour ulnar artery compression was applied. Hematomas >15 cm(2) were also assessed. We randomized 465 patients, 222 in the 2,000-IU group and 243 in the 5,000-IU group. The baseline and procedural characteristics were comparable in both groups. The incidence of initial RAO was 5.9% in the 2,000-IU group and 2.9% in the 5,000-IU group (p = 0.17), with a compression time of 2.10 ± 0.78 hours and 2.25 ± 0.82 hours, respectively (p = 0.051). After ulnar artery compression, the final incidence of RAO was 4.1% in the 2,000-IU group and 0.8% in the 5,000-IU group (p = 0.03). The incidence of local hematoma was 2.3% and 3.7% in the 2,000- and 5,000-IU groups, respectively (p = 0.42). In conclusion, acute RAO after transradial catheterization can be recanalized by early 1-hour homolateral ulnar artery compression. This simple nonpharmacologic method was effective and safe in patients with very-low- and low-dose heparin. Nevertheless, the incidence of final RAO remained significantly lower after a higher anticoagulation level.     

Distal Versus Conventional Radial Access for Coronary Angiography and Intervention: The DISCO RADIAL Trial

BackgroundCurrently, transradial access (TRA) is the recommended access for coronary procedures because of increased safety, with radial artery occlusion (RAO) being its most frequent complication, which will increasingly affect patients undergoing multiple procedures during their lifetimes. Recently, distal radial access (DRA) has emerged as a promising alternative access to minimize RAO risk. A large-scale, international, randomized trial comparing RAO with TRA and DRA is lacking.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the superiority of DRA compared with conventional TRA with respect to forearm RAO.MethodsDISCO RADIAL (Distal vs Conventional Radial Access) was an international, multicenter, randomized controlled trial in which patients with indications for percutaneous coronary procedure using a 6-F Slender sheath were randomized to DRA or TRA with systematic implementation of best practices to reduce RAO. The primary endpoint was the incidence of forearm RAO assessed by vascular ultrasound at discharge. Secondary endpoints include crossover, hemostasis time, and access site–related complications.ResultsOverall, 657 patients underwent TRA, and 650 patients underwent DRA. Forearm RAO did not differ between groups (0.91% vs 0.31%; P = 0.29). Patent hemostasis was achieved in 94.4% of TRA patients. Crossover rates were higher with DRA (3.5% vs 7.4%; P = 0.002), and median hemostasis time was shorter (180 vs 153 minutes; P < 0.001). Radial artery spasm occurred more with DRA (2.7% vs 5.4%; P = 0.015). Overall bleeding events and vascular complications did not differ between groups.ConclusionsWith the implementation of a rigorous hemostasis protocol, DRA and TRA have equally low RAO rates. DRA is associated with a higher crossover rate but a shorter hemostasis time.     

Manual Versus Mechanical Compression of the Radial Artery After Transradial Coronary Angiography: The MEMORY Multicenter Randomized Trial

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare manual versus mechanical compression of the radial artery after coronary angiography via transradial access regarding radial artery occlusion (RAO), access-site bleeding complications, and duration of hemostasis.

Comparison of a priori versus provisional heparin therapy on radial artery occlusion after transradial coronary angiography and patent hemostasis (from the PHARAOH Study)

Systemic anticoagulation decreases the risk of radial artery occlusion (RAO) after transradial catheterization and standard occlusive hemostasis. We compared the efficacy and safety of provisional heparin use only when the technique of patent hemostasis was not achievable to standard a priori heparin administration after radial sheath introduction. Patients referred for coronary angiography were randomized in 2 groups. In the a priori group, 200 patients received intravenous heparin (50 IU/kg) immediately after sheath insertion. In the provisional group, 200 patients did not receive heparin during the procedure. After sheath removal, hemostasis was obtained using a TR band (Terumo corporation, Tokyo, Japan) with a plethysmography-guided patent hemostasis technique. In the provisional group, no heparin was given if radial artery patency could be obtained and maintained. If radial patency was not achieved, a bolus of heparin (50 IU/kg) was given. Radial artery patency was evaluated at 24 hours (early RAO) and 30 days after the procedure (late RAO) by plethysmography. Patent hemostasis was obtained in 67% in the a priori group and 74% in the provisional group (p = 0.10). Incidence of RAO remained similar in the 2 groups at the early (7.5% vs 7.0%, p = 0.84) and late (4.5% vs 5.0%, p = 0.83) evaluations. Women, patients with diabetes, patients having not received heparin, and patients without radial artery patency during hemostasis had more RAO. By multivariate analysis, patent radial artery during hemostasis (odds ratio [OR] 0.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.004 to 0.28, p = 0.002) and diabetes (OR 11, 95% CI 3 to 38,p <0.0001) were independent predictors of late RAO, whereas heparin was not (OR 0.45 95% CI 0.13 to 1.54, p = 0.20). In conclusion, our results suggest that maintenance of radial artery patency during hemostasis is the most important parameter to decrease the risk of RAO. In selected cases, provisional use of heparin appears feasible and safe when patent hemostasis is maintained.     

Radial artery spasm during transradial coronary procedures

Although transradial access (TRA) for coronary procedures has many advantages over the transfemoral approach, it's still not the dominant route used in coronary interventions. Radial artery spasm (RAS) is an important limitation of TRA. We performed a search of published literature to estimate the prevalence and possible risk factors of RAS in patients undergoing transradial coronary procedure. Nineteen published papers including 7197 patients were identified as relevant; reported incidence of RAS was 14.7% altogether. It varies depending upon the criteria used, on applied premedications, and on sheath or catheter selection. Use of hydrophilic coated sheaths and catheters can reduce the incidence of RAS to 1%, while intra-arterial application of verapamil (1.25-5 mg) and nitroglycerin (100-200 μg) can reduce the incidence of RAS up to 3.8%. We concluded that RAS is still problematic in transradial access, and that besides hydrophilic materials, the use of intra-arterial vasodilators remains mandatory in RAS prevention. However, the optimal spasmolytic cocktail is yet to be confirmed by valid spasm criteria.     

预防桡动脉痉挛的前瞻性随机双盲研究

目的在使用维拉帕米的基础上,观察维拉帕米加量或联用硝酸甘油预防经桡动脉介入诊疗中桡动脉痉挛（rad ial artery spasm,RAS）的效果。方法前瞻性入选经桡动脉冠状动脉介入治疗的患者,按照随机、双盲原则将患者分为A组（维拉帕米200μg）、B组（维拉帕米1 mg）和C组（维拉帕米200μg＋硝酸甘油200μg）。在动脉鞘管置入后,随机给予不同药物。使用造影证实的临床RAS定义。记录并比较各组患者RAS和不良反应的发生率。结果共入选患者621例,其中A组205例、B组206例、C组210例。三组患者的基线资料比较,差异均无统计学意义。单因素方差分析显示,A组患者RAS发生率高于B组（17.1%比10.2%,P=0.045）和C组（17.1%比9.5%,P=0.029）,B组和C组间差异无统计学意义（10.2%比9.5%,P=0.870）。Logistic回归分析显示,B组和C组比A组发生RAS相对风险分别降低了32.1%（P=0.038）和43.8%（P=0.017）。不良反应A组和C组相似,均较少。B组不良反应发生率高于A组（9.7%比2.4%,P=0.003）和C组（9.7%比3.8%,P=0.019）。结论在经桡动脉介入诊疗中,推荐国人使用维拉帕米200μg＋硝酸甘油200μg预防RAS,该剂量安全、有效,且不良反应较少。     

Effectiveness of Handmade “Jacky‐Like Catheter” As a Single Multipurpose Catheter in Transradial Coronary Angiography: A Randomized Comparison With Conventional Two‐Catheter Strategy

Objective

To investigate safety and efficacy of specialized hand‐modified “Jacky‐Like” catheter (JLC) as a single dual‐purpose catheter in transradial coronary angiography.

Methods

Patients over 18 years undergoing diagnostic CAG through right radial artery (RRA) were prospectively enrolled. Procedures were performed with a single JLC modified from a left Judkins (JL) 3.5 catheter or by using 2‐catheter approach (2C). Procedures with coronary artery bypass grafts or ventricular angiographies were excluded from the study. Three hundred and eighty‐seven transradial procedures were performed successfully. One hundred and ninety‐four procedures were performed with 2C and 193 procedures with a JLC. Inability to use intended catheters, total fluoroscopic time in minutes, the consumption of contrast medium in milliliter, development of radial artery spasm (RAS), and radial artery occlusion (RAO) were evaluated.

Results

In the 2C group, angiography was successfully performed on the RCA of 191 patients (98.9%) and on LCA in 192 patients (99.4%). In the JLC group, angiography was successfully performed on the RCA and LCA of 193 (99.4%) and 174 (89.6%) patients, respectively. Utilization of supplemental catheters was significantly greater in the JLC group (21; 10.8%) versus the 2C group (3; 1.5% P = 0.001). Mean fluoroscopy time was shorter in the JLC group (2.0 ± 2.3 min vs. 2.3 ± 1.5 min; P = 0.043). Mean procedure time was also decreased with JLC but did not reach statistical significance (5.7 ± 3.1 min vs. 6.2 ± 2.5 min; P = 0.081). When additional time for reshaping the JLC was not taken into account, mean procedure time was significantly decreased in the JLC group (5.6 ± 2.9 min vs. 6.2 ± 2.4 min; P = 0.031). There was a trend toward lower incidence of consumption of contrast medium in the 2C group (49 ± 13 mL vs. 52 ± 18 mL; P = 0.061). RAS was observed more frequently in the 2C group (11.3% vs. 21.7%, P = 0.005). There was a trend toward high incidence of RAO in the 2C group (4.1 vs. 8.3% P = 0.064).

Conclusion

In transradial procedures from RRA, a JLC catheter can be very effective when dedicated dual‐purpose catheter is not available.

     

Hemostatic efficacy of hydrophilic wound dressing after transradial catheterization

Here, we evaluate the efficacy of the Clo-Sur PAD nonwoven hydrophilic wound dressing (HWD) on hemostasis in an arterial-access site after transradial percutaneous coronary angiography compared with the RadiStop compression device (CD). Eighty patients who had undergone transradial coronary angiography with or without intravascular ultrasound were randomly assigned to the HWD or CD group. The time required to achieve hemostasis was measured, and the incidence of vascular complications was assessed. No significant differences in clinical and procedural characteristics were observed between the HWD group (n = 40) and the CD group (n = 40). A significant reduction in the time required to achieve hemostasis (58.7 +/- 32.6 minutes versus 131.3 +/- 59.1 minutes; p < 0.001) was associated with the use of HWD. The incidence of vascular complications was similar in both groups (5% for HWD versus 2.5% for CD; p = 0.500). No major complications, such as large hematoma or acute radial occlusion, occurred in the HWD group. In conclusion, HWD represents a safe alternative to the compression method. Hemostasis can be achieved more quickly using HWD, with no increase in access site complications, as compared to CD.     

Incidence and outcome of radial artery occlusion following transradial artery coronary angioplasty

Coronary angioplasty with 6F guiding catheters via the radial artery is associated with a minimal risk for major entry site-related complications. Although the incidence of radial artery occlusion (RAO) in the literature is approximately 30% after prolonged cannulations, little is known about the incidence and its clinical consequences of RAO following transradial percutaneous coronary angioplasty. In a prospective study, 563 patients with a normal Allen test were evaluated on patency and function of the radial artery after transradial angioplasty, by physical and ultrasound examination at discharge, and at 1 month follow-up. At discharge, 30 patients (5.3%) had clinical evidence of RAO. At follow-up, persistent RAO was found in 16 patients (2.8%). In this study we found a low incidence of RAO after transradial percutaneous coronary angioplasty. None of the patients with temporary or persistent RAO had any major clinical symptoms. Therefore, the occurrence of RAO can be considered a minor complication in patients with a previously good double blood supply to the hand. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 40:156–158, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.