9种杀螨剂对朱砂叶螨不同发育阶段的室内毒力测定

室内采用FAO推荐的玻片浸渍法和叶碟法分别测定了9种杀螨剂对朱砂叶螨雌成螨和卵的毒力。结果表明,杀螨活性最高的是阿维菌素,其次是溴虫腈,卡死克、噻螨酮、哒螨灵、三唑锡也具有较好的杀螨效果,炔螨特的杀螨效果较差,甲氰菊酯和氧化乐果的杀螨效果最差;阿维菌素对朱砂叶螨卵的毒力最高,毒力次之的是噻螨酮、哒螨灵、溴虫腈、三唑锡和卡死克,甲氰菊酯、炔螨特和氧化乐果对卵的毒力最差。另外,对朱砂叶螨雌成螨和卵毒力相差最大的是噻螨酮和哒螨灵,毒力分别相差150.27和134.28倍;其次为三唑锡,相差69.80倍;溴虫腈、卡死克、阿维菌素、氧化乐果、甲氰菊酯、炔螨特对卵和雌成螨的毒力差别相对较小。     

11种常用药剂对蔬菜朱砂叶螨的室内毒力测定

采用玻片浸渍法,室内测定了11种常用药剂对北京地区蔬菜上朱砂叶螨的毒力效果。结果表明,阿维菌素对朱砂叶螨雌成螨毒力最高,其致死中浓度LC50为0.0007mg/L,甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和氧苦?内酯的毒力较高,LC50分别为0.0130 mg/L和0.1461 mg/L;哒螨灵和虫螨腈的效果次之,其LC50分别为21.3122mg/L和34.8519 mg/L。其他药剂如克螨特、高效氯氟氰菊酯和多杀菌素对雌成螨毒性较低,螺螨酯、氯虫苯甲酰胺和噻螨酮对朱砂叶螨雌成螨毒力很差。     

朱砂叶螨抗药性研究

1986～1987年测定了河南省12个产棉县、市棉田朱砂叶螨对当前主要杀螨剂的抗性水平和多种农药对抗性叶螨的毒力水平.结果显示,朱砂叶螨已对三氯杀螨醇和氧化乐果产生抗性,各棉区基本处于抗性上升阶段.其中对三氯杀螨醇的抗性相对倍数较高,LC_(50)和LC_(95)值分别是相对敏感品系的1.72～8.26和3.47～17.67倍.从抗性品系对23种农药的感受性看出,朱砂叶螨已形成对硫磷高抗品系,抗性倍数达466.8倍;对磷胺、久效磷等也表现较高的抗性,但对甲氰菊酯、PP321、克螨特等尚未产生明显抗性,三环锡、Nissorun、毒死蜱、来福灵等有较好的杀若螨作用,对卵的抑制作用以Nissorun为最强,其次为浏阳霉素和杀虫脒.     

噻虫胺与高效氯氟氰菊酯等混用对黄曲条跳甲增效作用明显

<正>山东农业大学植物保护学院研究人员近期采用浸叶法,测定了噻虫胺、高效氯氟氰菊酯、丁虫腈(丁烯氟虫腈)等7种药剂及其混用对黄曲条跳甲的毒力及增效作用。结果显示:7种药剂中以噻虫胺对黄曲条跳甲的毒力最高,LC50值为315.1mg/L,其毒力倍数是呋虫胺的3.23倍;其次为噻虫嗪和高效氯氟氰菊酯,LC50值分别为473.1和543.1mg/L。     

2012年农药登记情况盘点(三):2012年新登记农药产品概况

<正>一、杀虫(螨、螺)剂2012年登记10大热点杀虫(螨、螺)剂品种详见表1。与2011年相比,10大登记热点品种中的氯氰菊酯(包括高效氯氰菊酯、顺式氯氰菊酯等)、氟铃脲被吡蚜酮、联苯菊酯代替,其中甲氨基阿维菌素、啶虫脒、吡蚜酮登记数量增幅最为明显,预计2013年仍将继续保持一定热度,而毒死蜱降幅较大。噻虫嗪虽未进入前10名(共新登记9个产品,其中国外企业登记2个,均为制剂;国内企业登记7个,原     

农业部扶持扩作登记 缓解蔬菜用药矛盾

<正>本刊讯7月10日,农业部农药检定所发布消息,对2015年第15批拟批准登记农药产品名单进行公示。据公示,100多家农药生产企业生产的阿维菌素、吡虫啉、吡蚜酮、啶虫脒、高效氯氰菊酯、甲氨基阿维菌素、苏云金杆菌、噻虫嗪、丙环唑、多菌灵、井冈霉素、霜霉威盐酸盐、噁霉灵、异菌脲等14种有效成分的产品拟批准扩作登记,主要用于防治蔬菜病虫害。这是我国开展农药登记工作以来,对农药扩作登记最集中的一次,登记企业之多、扩作产品之多,双双创历史记录。专家指出,12种     

2015年第2季度新登记农用农药产品情况

<正>2015年4~6月份,我国共新批准607个农用农药新产品登记(其中正式登记产品480个,临时登记产品127个;不含由原临时登记转为正式登记的老产品、分装登记产品和企业自身重复登记的相同产品)。各类产品详细登记情况见表1。1.杀虫(螨、螺)剂产品。在杀虫(螨、螺)剂产品中,除了表2中各登记热点品种外,另外11个新登记的原药产品分别是虱螨脲、硫双威各2个,溴氰虫酰胺、环氧虫啶、啶虫脒、唑螨酯、二嗪磷、马拉硫磷、甲氧虫酰肼各1个。今年上半年     

4种药剂对二斑叶螨的室内毒力和田间防效

采用玻片浸渍法测定了依维菌素等4种药剂对二斑叶螨雌成螨的室内毒力,并进行了防治二斑叶螨的田间药效试验。室内测定结果表明,几种药剂对二斑叶螨的毒力顺序为：依维菌素>甲氰菊酯>高效氯氟氰菊酯>螺虫乙酯,其中依维菌素对二斑叶螨的室内毒力最高,其LC₅₀值为0.01 mg/L。田间试验结果表明,0.5%依维菌素乳油9、18 g/hm ²用量,药后3、7、10天对二斑叶螨的防治效果在90%以上,可作为防治二斑叶螨雌成螨的首选药剂。     

8种杀虫制剂对椰心叶甲的防治效果评价

选用8种不同成分且经过室内毒力筛选的化学农药和生化农药单剂进行椰心叶甲[Brontispa longissima (Gestro)]田间防治，运用改进的直筒式手持简易喷雾器（水枪）进行施药，试验结果表明，啶虫脒、吡虫啉、高效氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯、丁硫克百威、阿维菌素、喹硫磷和氟虫腈在大田继续保持和室内相同的良好防治效果。施药后第7天、15天、30天和60天害虫虫口减退率和防效均大于99%，第90天和120天个别植株重新感染少量的椰心叶甲成虫和幼虫，第150天后有一半以上的植株感染椰心叶甲成虫和幼虫，其中个别植株已经产生卵和蛹，防效产生轻微下降，但不会对椰树心叶的生长造成实质性的影响。     

防治沟金针虫的农药复配增效配方筛选

为了筛选对地下害虫金针虫具有增效作用的复配药剂组合,采用浸渍法测定了各复配组合对沟金针虫3龄幼虫的联合毒力,通过共毒因子法筛选出共毒因子大于20复配组合,然后进一步细化配比,利用共毒系数法筛选出共毒系数大于120的最佳复配组合。其中具有增效作用的配比有28组。氯虫苯甲酰胺与毒死蜱、氟虫腈、硫双威、噻虫胺、联苯菊酯、噻虫嗪、高效氯氟氰菊酯按2:1、3:1、15:8、15:2、3:4、1:2、3:11的比例进行复配时效果最显著,共毒系数分别为178.41、185.44、208.10、155.16、149.55、138.98、309.22。高效氯氟氰菊酯与噻虫嗪按11:2的比例进行复配时效果最显著,共毒系数为198.45。联苯菊酯与硫双威、噻虫胺按1:2、1:5的比例进行复配时效果最显著,共毒系数分别为215.69、337.94.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Mechanisms and diversity of resistance to sorghum shoot fly,Atherigona soccata

Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums.     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Reaction of tritordeum to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum

Summary Hordeum chilense is a wild barley extensively used in wide crosses in the Triticeae. It could be a valuable source of resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum. Some H. chilense x Triticum spp. amphiploids, named tritordeums, were more resistant than the parental wheat line to these diseases, others were not. Average contents of ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON) suggested that resistance to colonization by Fusarium was the highest for Hordeum chilense, followed by tritordeum and wheat in decreasing order. In particular, the H. chilense genotypes H7 and H17 enhanced the wheat resistance to F. culmorum in its tritordeum offsprings. Resistance to S. nodorum in tritordeum was not associated with tall plant height. There is sufficient genetic variation for resistance to F. culmorum and S. nodorum among tritordeum to allow the breeding of lines combining short straw and resistance to both diseases.