原癌基因C－erb B－2在肾盂输尿管癌中表达的临床意义

为了了解原癌基因ＣｅｒｂＢ－２在肾盂输尿管癌中表达的临床意义，采用免疫组化Ｓ－Ｐ法对４６例肾盂输尿管癌Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２蛋白表达与病理分期、细胞分级、复发与预后的关系进行研究。结果显示：肾盂输尿管癌中Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２蛋白表达阳性率为３４．８％，Ｔ＿３＋Ｔ＿４Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２表达阳性率高于Ｔ＿１＋Ｔ＿２，Ｐ＜０．０１；Ｇ＿３ＣｅｒｂＢ－２表达阳性率高于Ｇ＿２，Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｇ＿１Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２染色均为阴性。Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２表达阳性者同时发生尿路上皮多器官癌占３１．３％，表达阴性者同时发生尿路上皮多器官癌占１３．３％。Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２表达阳性者术后膀胱癌再发率为６２．５％，高于表达阴性者２６．７％，Ｐ＜０．０５。Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２表达阳性者５年生存率为３０．８％，表达阴性者为８１．３％，Ｐ＜０．０５。提示Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２表达阳性者肿瘤有多器官发病倾向，肿瘤更具侵袭和转移；其表达与肿瘤病理分期、细胞分级有关，可能是判断肾盂输尿管癌预后的一个重要指标。     

阴茎癌组织中C－erbB－2基因的扩增和其蛋白产物P185的表达

阴茎癌组织中Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因的扩增和其蛋白产物Ｐ１８５的表达丁强，张元芳，孙逊有关阴茎癌与Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因的相关性研究，国内外文献均未见报道。我们检测２５例阴茎癌组织中Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因的扩增和Ｐ１８５蛋白的表达情况。报告如下。资料与方法阴...     

肾癌原癌基因C－erb B－2蛋白产物的表达及意义

为探讨肾癌原癌基因Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２蛋白产物的表达及意义，采用免疫组化Ｓ－Ｐ（过氧化物酶－链霉卵白素）法对５５例肾癌组织中Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２蛋白进行检测。显示Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２蛋白呈局限性弱染色，表达率为２１．８％，与肿瘤直径相关（Ｐ＜０．０１），Ｒｏｂｓｏｎ分期Ｉ，Ⅱ期肿瘤阳性表达率明显高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ期肿瘤（Ｐ＜０．０５），随肿瘤分级增高阳性表达率呈递减趋势，颗粒细胞癌阳性表达率明显高于透明细胞癌（Ｐ＜０．０１），阳性表达组与阴性表达组预后无差异。结果提示：ＣｅｒｂＢ－２癌基因可能参与了肾癌发生的初始事件，而与晚期事件无关，强调颗粒细胞癌可能与Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２癌基因关系密切。     

C－erbB－2和p53基因产物增强表达与胃癌生物学行为和预后的关系

Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２和ｐ５３基因产物增强表达与胃癌生物学行为和预后的关系李宁，祝庆孚，王一平我们用ＡＢＣ酶标法观察Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２癌蛋白和ｐ５３蛋白在１０３例胃癌中的增强表达，探讨与胃癌生物学行为和预后的关系以及临床应用价值。１．材料和方法：１０３例中，...     

原癌基因C—erb B—2在肾盂输尿管癌中表达的临床意义

为了了解原癌基因Ｃｅｒｂ Ｂ－２在肾盂输尿管癌中表达的临床意义，采用免疫组化Ｓ－Ｐ法对４６例肾盂输尿管癌Ｃ－ｅｒｂ Ｂ－２蛋白表达与病理分期，细胞分级，复发与预后的关系进行研究。结果显示，肾盂输尿管癌中Ｃ－ｅｒｂ Ｂ－２蛋白表达阳性率为３４．８％，Ｔ３＋５４Ｃ－ｅｒｂ Ｂ－２表达阳性率高于Ｔ１＋Ｔ２，Ｐ〈０．０１；Ｇ３ ＣｅｒｂＢ－２表达阳性率高于Ｇ２，Ｐ〈０．０５，Ｇ１Ｃ－ｒｒｂ－Ｂ－２染色均国     

原癌基因C—erb B—2蛋白产物在前列腺癌中的表达

应用抗Ｃ－ｅｒｂ Ｂ－２癌蛋白抗体对３０例前列腺癌进行研究，同时选取１０例正常前列腺组织作为对照。结果表明Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２蛋白与肿瘤分化程度有关。并可能对判断其生物学行为，评估预后有重要意义。     

胃癌c－erbB－2癌基因检测对判断肿瘤转移的意义

本文应用免疫组化方法研究１０６例胃癌石蜡标本，ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２染色阳性２０例（１８．９％）。ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２染色阳性同腹膜种植、肝转移、组织类型相关。ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阴性表达五年生存率高于阳性表达，但无显著差异。ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２对预后无显著性影响，ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２检测可帮助判断肿瘤转移。     

大肠癌组织中HPV和C—erbB—2基因的检测及其关系研究

检测大肠癌组织中ＨＶＰ和Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因，探讨大肠癌组织中ＨＰＶ的存在与Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因的扩增之间的关系。方法 应用ＰＣＲ技术检测２１例大肠癌标本中ＨＰＶ及Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因。检测Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因同时进行差异ＰＣＲ，以确定Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因拷贝数的变化。     

骨肉瘤P53、c－erbB－2、c－myc的表达及与预后的关系

作者对不同临床行为骨肉瘤的抑癌基因Ｐ５３突变蛋白、ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２、ｃ－ｍｙｃ癌基因及增殖细胞核抗原ＰＣＮＡ进行研究。根据临床随访结果分组，高危组１０例；低危组２４例；巨大肿块组４例；转移病灶组７例。免疫组化实验ＰＣＮＡ及Ｐ５３单克隆抗体采用ＡＢＣ法染色，原位杂交实验采用地高辛试剂盒标记ｃ－ｍｙｃ、ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因探针。经统计学处理（Ｒｉｄｉｔ分析）高危组与低危组相差显著。研究结果显示，骨肉瘤Ｐ５３突变蛋白阳性表达的变化与预后有关，骨肉瘤中ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２、ｃ－ｍｙｃ癌基因有激活现象，阳性率较高的易转移，生存率低。骨肉瘤细胞ＰＣＮＡ均呈阳性，说明该肿瘤细胞增殖活跃，研究结果还显示骨肉瘤转移前后的组织学分型往往会改变，癌基因表达亦不同。提出可能存在第二原发灶和多中心性骨肉瘤的观点。最后作者强调术后长期持续免疫治疗和定期化疗对提高骨肉瘤生存率有重要作用。     

肾癌原癌基因C—erbB—2蛋白产物的表达及意义

为探讨肾癌原癌基因Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２蛋白产物的表达及意义，采用免疫组化Ｓ－Ｐ（过氧化物酶－链霉卵白素）法对５５例肾癌组织中ＣｅｒｂＢ－２蛋白进行检测。显示Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２蛋白呈局限性弱染色，表达率为２１．８％，与肿瘤直径相关（Ｐ〈０．０１），Ｒｏｂｓｏｎ分期Ⅰ，Ⅱ期肿瘤阳性表在明显高于Ⅲ，Ⅳ期肿瘤（Ｐ〈０．０５），随肿瘤分级增高阳性表达率呈递减趋势，颗粒细胞癌阳性表达率明显高于透明细胞癌（Ｐ〈０．０     

C-erb B-2 amplification in cystic renal disease.

Gene amplification (overexpression) of c-erb B-2 was tested in a variety of cystic renal diseases, renal cell neoplasms (adenomas and carcinomas) and end stage kidneys without cysts. C-erb B-2 encodes a receptor-like protein that shares homology with, but is distinct from the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. A monoclonal antibody that immunoprecipitates a protein of approximately 185 kD from a lysate of NIH/3T3 cells transfected with the c-erb B-2 gene was utilized for testing. Simple renal cysts, cystic renal dysplasia, autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), and non-cystic, essentially normal kidneys failed to show c-erb B-2 overexpression. In contrast, autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), acquired (dialysis-associated) cystic disease (ACD), non-cystic end stage kidneys and renal cell neoplasms revealed overexpression of c-erb B-2 with some frequency (40% or more of cases tested). Three cystic disorders revealing c-erb B-2 overexpression also showed platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) expression in similar locations (cyst lining and adjacent tubules). Other growth factors [insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and beta transforming growth factor (TGF beta)] were not noted to be overexpressed in either c-erb B-2 positive or negative cystic diseases. C-erb B-2 may be a marker related to the proliferative/growth capabilities of selected cystic diseases, including potential for associated genesis of benign and malignant renal cell tumors.     

前列腺癌组织中HMGA2的表达及其意义

目的探讨高迁移率族蛋白HMGA2在前列腺癌中的表达及其意义。方法采用免疫组化法及RT—PCR法检测40例前列腺癌组织及良性前列腺增生组织中HMGA2的表达情况。结果RT-PCR法检测示良性前列腺增生组织中HMGA2少量表达;恶性组织中,随着病理分级增加,HMGA2mRNA相对表达量逐渐增高,免疫组化法显示前列腺癌组织中,有75．0％（30／40）HMGA2呈阳性表达。良性前列腺增生组织与前列腺癌组织两组间差异显著（t=3．32,P〈0．001）。结论HMGA2在前列腺癌中呈过度表达,并与前列腺癌病理分级有关,可能成为前列腺癌诊断与良恶性鉴别诊断的指标之一。     

Primary synovial chondromatosis of the subtalar joint affecting two brothers

Primary synovial chondromatosis is a rare benign condition characterized by the formation of multiple cartilaginous nodules in the synovium of joints and on occasions tendon sheaths or bursae. A case of primary synovial chondromatosis affecting the subtalar joint is reported. The patient's brother developed the same condition affecting the same joint 2 years later. The proposed etiologies are discussed including the presence of the proto-oncogene C-erb B-2.     

Promoter hyper-methylation of calcium binding proteins S100A6 and S100A2 in human prostate cancer

BACKGROUND: S100A6 and S100A2 are members of the S100 family of calcium binding proteins, which are down regulated in prostate cancer, however the molecular mechanism(s) underlying their loss of expression is unknown. METHODS: The promoter and exon 1 region of the S100A6 and S100A2 genes was sequenced in bisulfite modified DNA from non-malignant, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), malignant and metastatic prostate tissues and in cell lines. Immunohistochemistry was performed to correlate S100A2 expression with methylation status. RESULTS: S100A6 methylation was absent or occurred at isolated sites in 14/14 cases of non-malignant epithelium and 5/5 cases of BPH tissues, whereas methylation was seen in 14/27 (52%) cases of prostatic cancer (P<0.0001), 2/2 cases of metastatic cancer and in the CWR22 prostatic cancer xenograft. Critical CpG sites within the S100A2 promoter were methylated in LNCaP, LNCaP-LN3, and CWR22 cells but not in Du145, PC3 or BPH45 cells. In tissues, S100A2 methylation was seen in 32/34 (94%) cases of adenocarcinoma and 5/5 cases of metastatic cancer. However, S100A2 methylation was also seen in 9/12 (75%) cases of non-malignant tissues and in 5/5 cases of BPH. Immunostaining, showed absent S100A2 expression all 41 cases of prostatic cancer, whereas staining was seen in the basal cells of non-malignant epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: Loss of S100A6 and S100A2 proteins is frequent in human prostatic cancer. A major mechanism underlying the loss of S100A6 expression appears to involve promoter hyper-methylation. However, mechanisms other than methylation of the known promoter are involved in silencing S100A2 in the prostate.     

前列腺组织中PTTG的表达及其意义

目的：研究垂体肿瘤转化基因（PTTG）在前列腺组织，尤其是前列腺癌组织中的表达及临床意义。方法：采用免疫组织化学二步法检测正常前列腺（8例）、BPH（16例）、无远处转移的前列腺癌（47例）以及有远处转移的前列腺癌（19例）组织中PTTG的表达情况。用Stata统计软件分别对BPH和前列腺癌组织中PTTG的表达情况与PSA和Gleason分级间的关系进行分析。结果：PTTG在正常前列腺和BPH组织中无表达或弱表达，而63．7％（42／66）的前列腺癌中有阳性或强阳性表达，在良恶性前列腺组织之间的表达差异有统计学意义（x2=25．2487，P=0．000），无远处转移的前列腺癌和有远处转移的前列腺癌之间的表达差异无统计学意义（x2=0．3568，P=0．837）。PTTG在前列腺癌中的表达与PSA和Gleason分级之间无相关性。结论：PTTG在前列腺癌组织中高表达，可能在前列腺癌的发生发展过程中起重要作用。     

前列腺癌组织中HNK－1（leu－7）抗原的免疫组织化学研究及其临床意义

采用抗ＨＮＫ－１单克隆抗体，对５２例前列腺癌组织的石蜡切片进行免疫组化（ＡＢＣ法）研究。观察免疫组化染色后，阳性癌细胞的比率及染色强度，并探讨抗ＨＮＫ－１免疫组化反应与患者５年生存率及非进展率的关系。结果表明：５２例前列腺癌患者中，４９例呈阳性染色，总阳性率为９４％。阳性癌细胞比率及染色强度均与肿瘤分化度有关。高分化癌的阳性癌细胞比率最高，染色最深；低分化癌的阳性癌细胞比率最低，染色最弱。用Ｋａｐｌａｎ－Ｍｅｉｅｒ法对３３例Ｄ＿２期患者５年生存率及非进展率研究表明：阳性癌细胞比率大于２／３组，其生存率及非进展率显著高于阳性癌细胞比率低于２／３组。结果提示：抗ＨＮＫ－１单克隆抗体可检测前列腺癌的存在，而且ＨＮＫ－１抗原的含量与肿瘤的分化有关，分化越好，ＨＮＫ－１含量越高；反之越低。ＨＮＫ－１抗原的检测对判断前列腺癌患者的预后具有重要意义。     

PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF c-erbB-2 ONCOGENE IN AXILLARY NODE-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER

Background: With the advent of screening mammography more breast cancer will be detected at an earlier stage, apparently confined to the breast with no nodal involvement. However, 30% of these will recur due to micrometastases present at the time of diagnosis. Chemotherapy and tamoxifen have been shown to improve disease-free survival in axillary node-negative patients but not overall survival. In the search for a useful predictor of breast cancer recurrence the relationship between c-erbB-2 expression and recurrence and survival was examined. Methods: Eighty-eight axillary node-negative breast cancer patients were followed up for at least 5 years. Results: There was a significant relationship between c-erbB-2 expression and both tumour recurrence (P < 0.001) and poorer survival (P = 0.003). In a Cox multiple regression analysis, c-erbB-2 staining remained the only significant prognostic variable for recurrence (P= 0.002) and survival (P = 0.032). Tumour recurrence in c-erbB-2-positive cases tended to occur early in the course of follow up and was associated with poorer survival. Conclusion: C-erbB-2 was found to be a useful prognostic indicator for early recurrence and poorer survival in axillary node-negative breast cancer patients.     

EphA2在前列腺癌中的表达及其意义

目的 探讨EphA2蛋白在前列腺癌中的表达及意义.方法 应用免疫组织化学方法检测EphA2蛋白在43例前列腺癌及20例良性前列腺增生组织中的表达.结果 EphA2在前列腺癌的免疫反应阳性为36例,阳性表达率为83.72%,显著高于良性前列腺增生组织(只有2例表达,P<0.05).EphA2表达与前列腺癌的临床分期、病理分级、血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)水平以及淋巴结转移密切相关(P<0.05),而与肿瘤大小及患者的发病年龄无明显相关.结论 过表达的EphA2蛋白与前列腺癌的发生、肿瘤细胞的侵袭和转移能力相关.     

Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) expression in normal prostatic glands and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN): association with diagnosis of prostate cancer

BACKGROUND: Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) is strongly expressed in prostate cancer with variable expression in high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and low expression in normal prostate. We examined whether AMACR expression in HGPIN and normal tissue was associated with subsequent diagnosis of cancer or proximity to a cancer focus. METHODS: Needle core biopsies from 45 patients with isolated HGPIN, 12 radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens with prostatic carcinoma and 6 cystoprostatectomies without prostatic carcinoma were immunostained for AMACR. Among patients with HGPIN, 23 (cases) showed cancer on a later biopsy and 22 (controls) had no cancer with at least 3 consecutive negative biopsies. RESULTS: In the biopsy set, the mean AMACR expression per gland in the normal compartment of the cases (0.29) was significantly higher than the controls (0.21) (P = 0.0006). In the RP set, normal glands near a cancer focus had higher mean AMACR expression than those that were distant (P = 0.0006). There was no difference within the HGPIN compartment between cases and controls in the biopsies, or between near and distant glands in the RP set. Mean AMACR staining of normal glands in the cystoprostatectomy specimens was significantly lower than in normal glands in close proximity to a cancer focus. CONCLUSIONS: Higher expression of AMACR in normal glands near a focus of cancer, as well as in the subjects eventually showing cancer, suggests a possible field effect in prostatic carcinogenesis. AMACR expression in normal glands therefore might be a useful predictor for repeat biopsy outcomes or as an intermediate endpoint in chemoprevention studies.