树脂分离测定盐湖水中铀的含量及~(234)U/~(238)U活度比值

研究了一种测定盐湖水中铀的含量及234 U/238 U活度比值的方法。采用Chelex-100螯合树脂将盐湖水中大量的可溶盐基体与铀分离,钠的消除率大于99.9%,铀的回收率为90.5%~106%,4次平行测定结果的相对标准偏差小于10%。经P350树脂进一步纯化后,由α能谱仪测定234 U/238 U活度比值,相对标准偏差小于5%(n=3)。研究结果表明,该基体消除法可以用于盐湖水中铀的含量及234 U/238 U活度比值的测定。该技术已被应用于实际生产中。     

离子交换浓集-α谱仪测定水中U,Th和~(234)U/~(238)U,~(230)Th/~(232)Th

研究了水中10~(-3)ppm级铀、钍在硫酸盐型D235和氢型D033大孔离子交换树脂上定量浓集的条件。被树脂吸附的铀和钍经洗脱后,分别用恒电流电镀,制备无自吸收U,Th α源,进行α谱仪测量。方法用于测定水中10~(-3)ppm级U和~(234)U/~(238)U时,精密度在±10%以内,Th和~(230)Th/~(232)Th精密度在±7%以内。     

Radionuclides 238U,232Th,60Co,137Cs in Sea Water

采用广东省环境辐射监测中心编制的操作规程《海水中γ核素浓集方法实施细则》分析了环境海水样品的γ放射性核素238U、232Th、60Co、137Cs,该方法的238U、232Th、60Co、137Cs的回收率分别为82．5％、79．3％、80．3％、91．3％;制样放置约90d后测量238U的数据更准确。     

ISOCS在铀同位素丰度比测量中的应用

本文介绍了应用就地计数系统(ISOCS)测量235U和238U丰度比的方法。该方法使用基于蒙特卡罗原理的无源效率刻度软件对235U和238U子体234mPa进行效率刻度,采用平衡铀测定方法计算出235U和238U的原子比。使用该方法对某一铀样品进行了分析,其测量结果与质谱法测量结果的相对偏差为2.2%。     

应用中子活化分析技术测定铀和钍放射性同位素的α能谱内标法

开发了一种用~(238)U和~(232)Th作为内标的α能谱测定环境样品中铀和钍放射性同位素的新方法。应用中子活化分析技术精确地测定样品中的~(238)U和~(232)Th。将其他部分样品全部溶解,采用阴离子交换法分离铀和钍,制备为α能谱测定的电镀薄(低强度)源。从已知的~(238)U和~(232)Th质量浓度,求得它们的活度浓度,之后据α能谱,从U(~(234)U、~(236)U、~(238)U)和Th(~(228)Th、~(230)Th、~(232)Th)放射性同位素的比值中,获得同位素的绝对活度浓度。该方法的优点是对放射化学分离的化学回收率和α能谱仪的计数率都没有特殊要求。应用内标可以不需要外加昂贵的、经校准的放射性同位素指示剂(如~(232)U和~(229)Th)。用一些已检定的环境参考样试验了这种新方法,并且同外加放射性同位素指示剂的传统方法进行了比较。其优点是同标准方法相结合可获得一组独立的数据,用于质量控制。     

放射性水异常中同位素~(234)U/~(238)U、~(230)Th/~(232)Th测定方法

一、前言放射性水化学找矿方法是通过测定水中铀、镭、氡的含量来发现异常的。要对异常作出正确的解释,首先要了解水中铀、镭、氡的含量和不同的地球化学环境特点,再结合异常区的地质条件加以考虑。为了提高解释的可靠性,国外有人根据地球化学理论,根据已知铀、镭、钍等放射性元素在岩石和天然水中的迁移规律,做了大量的野外和室内实验工作,提出了应用水中放射性元素同位素组成及其比值解释放射性水异常的方法。例如,火成岩异常水中~(234)U/~(238)U=1～1.5;~(230)Th/~(232)Th>20即为矿化引起的异常。本文论述为此目的而进行的分析方法试验。     

多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱测量236U／238U原子比

236U是238U在反应堆中俘获中子生成的，是人工放射性核素。环境样品中存在236U可证明有处理辐照铀活动的存在。因此，准确测定环境样品中的。236U／238U原子比对于核保障具有重要意义。     

海水中放射性核素238U、232Th、600Co、137Cs浓集实验

采用广东省环境辐射监测中心编制的操作规程《海水中γ核素浓集方法实施细则》分析了环境海水样品的γ放射性核素238U、232Th、60Co、137Cs,该方法的238U、232Th、60Co、137Cs的回收率分别为82.5%、79.3%、80.3%、91.3%;制样放置约90 d后测量238U的数据更准确。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定单晶铜中痕量放射性核素钍和铀的含量

Panda X-Ⅲ实验位于中国锦屏极深地下实验室,将利用高压136Xe气体时间投影探测器进行无中微子双贝塔衰变事件的寻找。建造高灵敏度的大型探测器需要挑选放射性极低的高纯材料以对本底进行严格的控制。本工作应用电感耦合等离子体质谱(Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry,ICP-MS)法测定纯度极高的单晶铜中痕量钍和铀的含量。在样品消解前加入~(230)Th和~(235)U分别作为标记核素,样品经过8 mol·L-1 HNO_3消解后,依次通过TEVA和UTEVA树脂柱,实现待测核素~(232)Th、~(238)U与基体元素Cu的分离。利用同位素稀释法-ICP-MS测定~(232)Th和~(238)U的含量。通过空白样品实验测量,~(232)Th的检出限是0.036 pg(232Th)·g~(-1)(0.15μBq(232Th)·kg~(-1)),238U的检出限是0.070 pg(238U)·g~(-1)(0.86μBq(238U)·kg~(-1));单晶铜样品中232Th及238U的检出限分别是0.21 pg(~(232)Th)·g~(-1)(0.85μBq(232Th)·kg~(-1))和0.45 pg(238U)·g~(-1)(5.56μBq(238U)·kg~(-1))。该方法可为探测器建造过程中的材料选取工作提供技术支持。     

海水中放射性核素238U、232Th、60Co、137Cs浓集实验

采用广东省环境辐射监测中心编制的操作规程《海水中γ核素浓集方法实施细则》分析了环境海水样品的γ放射性核素238 U、232 Th、60 Co、137 Cs ,该方法的238 U、232 Th、60 Co、137 Cs的回收率分别为82.5%、79.3%、80.3%、91.3%;制样放置约90 d后测量238 U的数据更准确.     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

Interaction between uranium and humic acid (Ⅰ): Adsorption behaviors of U(Ⅵ) in soil humic acids

The adsorption behaviors of uranium on three soil humic acids (HAs), which were extracted from soils of different depths at the same site, were investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorption results showed that U(Ⅵ) in solutions can be adsorbed by the three soil HAs, with the order of FHA (HA from 5 m depth of soil) ＞SHA (HA from the surface) ＞THA (HA from 10 m depth of soil) for adsorption efficiency in each desirable condition, and the adsorption reached equilibrium in about 240 min. Although the maximum adsorption efficiency was adsorption could be described with Langmiur isotherm or Freundlich isotherm equation. The L/S (liquid/solid, mL/g)ratio and pH were important factors influencing the adsorption in our adsorption system besides uranium concentration. The adsorption efficiency decreased with the increase of the L/S ratio and pH at the pH range of 2.0-3.0 for SHA and THA or 2.5 - 6.0 for FHA. However, no significant difference in adsorption of U(Ⅵ) was observed at the experimental temperature. All the results implied that humic substances have different characteristics in samples even collected at the same site.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Information for authors

<正>1.NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES(NST),a bimonthly journal,is devoted to all aspects of nuclear science and technology,theoretical or experimental.Its special interest lies in the subjects of synchrotron radiation science and technology;low energy accelerators,radiation technology and applications;radiochemistry,radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine;nuclear electronics and instrumen-     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

正~~