胜坨油田沙河街组二段复杂断块油藏水淹层测井解释研究

以胜坨油田发育的典型复杂断块油藏为例,利用密闭取芯井资料建立判别关系和测井解释模型,进行沙河街组二段1-3砂组复杂断块油藏水淹层测井解释。首先介绍了该水淹层测井响应特征,接着应用多项式趋势面分析方法对测井数据进行标准化处理,并选择测井资料齐全、质量可靠、有钻井取芯和录井、试油资料的井为关键井,结合试油试采、岩芯分析资料建立测井解释模型。结果表明：胜坨油田沙河街组二段1-3砂组复杂断块油藏已经进入高含水阶段,水淹层发生明显的自然电位曲线基线偏移、地层电阻率降低、自然伽马降低、声波时差增大等现象;选择沙二段顶部的高阻白云岩段（厚度为8～12 m）作为标准层进行标准化处理;声波时差三次趋势面分析效果较好,拟合度达到22.6%,平均校正量为14μs/m;T4j17、T2-121井取芯井段较长且收获率较高,分析化验资料较丰富,测井资料齐全且质量较好,能够反映沙二段1-3砂组复杂断块油藏储层特征,被选为关键井;建立泥质体积分数、粒度中值、孔隙度、渗透率、含水饱和度等解释模型。最后,通过对水淹层的测井资料进行逐井处理、计算机逐点或按层输出主要储层参数等3个方面检验解释模型,定量评价了测井解释模型的应用效果。结果表明：测井解释结果与岩芯物性和生产数据吻合较好,获得了较为可靠的地区储层地质分析结果,可为注水开发调整提供有效的参考。     

大港油田埕海二区沙一下碳酸盐岩储层测井评价方法

大港油田埕海二区下第三系沙河街组储层为一套微裂缝发育的低孔低渗复杂储层,其岩性包括白云岩、白云质灰岩、油页岩等.运用常规测井解释方法不能准确反映该储层的物性特征,通过地质、岩心、测井、地震等资料,对该区各类复杂储层进行了分析研究,在储层定性解释和定量评价的基础上建立了测井解释模型.该模型应用于研究区多口井,取得了较好的...     

柴达木盆地七个泉油田E_3~1油藏储层参数测井精细解释

为解决柴达木盆地七个泉油田E_3~1储层参数测井解释难题,综合运用岩心、测井、分析化验以及生产动态等资料,建立了储层参数精细解释模型。首先开展岩心深度归位以及测井资料标准化处理,保证测井资料的可靠性;然后对储层主要岩性砾状砂岩、细砾岩、砾岩、细砂岩、泥质粉砂岩、泥岩进行了定量识别,建立了泥质含量、孔隙度、渗透率以及含油饱和度测井精细解释模型;最终确立了研究区油水层测井解释标准,为后续剩余油挖掘以及地质建模提供了准确的储层参数。     

马朗凹陷牛东地区卡拉岗组火山岩储层建模研究

火山岩储层比碎屑岩具有更强的非均质性,储层的地质建模工作变得非常复杂。针对马朗凹陷牛东地区卡拉岗组玄武岩和火山岩的储层地质特征,运用petrel建模软件对储层进行三维地质建模。首先利用钻井、测井、录井、地震、岩心分析化验等资料完成了地层对比,建立地层格架。在此基础上,综合测井与地震资料,建立该地区的构造模型、岩相模型和含油饱和度模型,应用蚂蚁体示踪的方法建立了裂缝分布模型。建模结果检验与实际情况相吻合,为油藏开发方案控制提供了主要依据。     

精细测井二次解释模型在L油田应用研究

开发中后期油田对储层参数精细二次解释要求高,直接影响老油田剩余油挖潜策略的制定。以L油田为研究对象,充分利用录井、岩心、取芯井分析化验和试油试采等资料,建立了更为科学合理的测井二次解释新模型,消除了测井系列多、标准多和解释时间跨度长等带来的误差,储层参数解释精度提高了8%;完成了71口井的测井重解释以及31个小层的孔隙度及渗透率等值线图绘制,提高了储层参数在平面和纵向上的空间分布预测准确度;结合储层构造、沉积特征,通过相邻井的横向和纵向比较,提高了解释结果与实际地质情况匹配度,为老油田剩余油有效深度挖潜提供更为有利的地质依据。     

濮城油田南区沙二上4-7砂体沉积特征及微相模式

利用区域地质、地震、测井及岩心分析资料,对濮城油田南区沙二上4-7砂岩组储层的沉积特征进行了全面研究。结果表明,4-7砂岩组为小型闭塞陆相断陷湖盆三角洲前缘沉积,成分和结构成熟度低,可进一步划分为7种微相类型;建立了三角洲前缘砂体的垂向相序和演化模式,总结了储层的平面微相展布规律,为油气勘探开发指明了方向。     

精细测井二次解释模型在L油田应用研究

开发中后期油田对储层参数精细二次解释要求高,直接影响老油田剩余油挖潜策略的制定。以L油田为研究对象,充分利用录井、岩心、取芯井分析化验和试油试采等资料,建立了更为科学合理的测井二次解释新模型,消除了测井系列多、标准多和解释时间跨度长等带来的误差,储层参数解释精度提高了8%;完成了71口井的测井重解释以及31个小层的孔隙度及渗透率等值线图绘制,提高了储层参数在平面和纵向上的空间分布预测准确度;结合储层构造、沉积特征,通过相邻井的横向和纵向比较,提高了解释结果与实际地质情况匹配度,为老油田剩余油有效深度挖潜提供更为有利的地质依据。     

约束稀疏脉冲波阻抗反演在精细油藏描述中的应用

综合研究区地质、地震、测井、录井等各类信息,从测井约束稀疏脉冲波阻抗的反演技术的基本原理出发,探讨反演过程中测井资料的标准化处理、地震子波的提取、时深关系的转化,以及初始波阻抗模型的建立等主要的技术环节。综合分析了研究区双阳组二段重点圈闭区块砂体的发育和分布情况,并探讨在同一构造圈闭上不同井位失利的原因,为精细的油气储层研究提供了可靠的信息。     

灰色系统理论在油气储层精细评价解释中的应用——以福山凹陷下第三系储层为例

依据福山凹陷下第三系碎屑岩储层中具有代表性的岩心、测井和地质资料,利用灰色系统测井地质综合评价分析准则和自动处理方法,建立该凹陷的评价解释参数、标准、权系数及自动分析解释系统,对该凹陷40多口井主要目的层段储层进行了精细评价处理,获得了较为可靠的储层描述和测井解释,准确划分出一、二、三、四类油气储层。以两口井的解释实例阐述了福山凹陷金凤构造油气藏特点及分布,揭示出该构造区油气显示广泛,成油条件有利,从而较为准确地描述了该区下第三系砂岩储层的结构、特征及产能,为进一步勘探开发提供了相应的地质依据。     

火山岩天然气藏地质储量参数的确定方法

大庆油田东部深层某井区火山岩气藏岩性复杂、储层参数计算以及流体性质识别困难。根据岩性组合规律建立火山岩解释模型,对深层的火山岩测井资料进行处理与解释。联合使用成像测井分析结果、岩性分类和多井对比等方法,提高了测井解释精度和解释符合率。计算的孔隙度、饱和度和渗透率为提交天然气地质储量提供了基础参数。     

Characterization of Architectural Elements of Ordovician Fractured-cavernous Carbonate Reservoirs,Tahe Oilfield,China

A new method for characterizing architectural elements of fractured-cavernous carbonate reservoirs was proposed, with application to an Ordovician reservoir in the Tahe Oilfield, Tarim basin. The new method integrates observations from outcrop analogs and concepts from modern karst theory for the mapping and modeling of fractured-cavernous reservoirs. In this paper, fractured-cavernous reservoirs were divided into 4 architectural element types—underground river caverns, sinkholes, discrete internal caverns, and faults. Architectural elements of the Ordovician reservoir in Tahe oilfield were identified and characterized by integrating well logs and seismic data. A new method constrained by faults, karst zones, and seismic acoustic impedance data, was introduced to build a 3D model of architectural elements of fractured-cavernous reservoir in the S48 unit of Tahe Oilfield. A porosity model was then derived from the architectural element model using facies-constrained method. The research provides a work-flow for the characterization of fracturedcavernous reservoirs and determining optimal methods for maximizing oil recovery in the study area or in similar areas.     

胜利油田孤岛油区馆陶组上段沉积结构单元

结构单元分析法(Architectural-Element Analysis)作为一种比较成熟的研究方法,已广泛应用于古代河流沉积研究.本文首次根据钻孔资料分析胜利油田孤岛油区馆陶组上段5～1+2砂层组河流沉积的结构单元.该段5～1+2砂层组岩石类型简单,可分为11个岩相类型.根据界面特征、岩相组合、内部几何形态、外部几何形态和垂向剖面特征等划分出6个结构单元:河道滞流沉积(CHL)、侧向加积砂坝(LA)、天然堤(LV)、决口扇(CS)、决口水道(CR)和洪泛平原细粒(FF).其中洪泛平原细粒(FF)、决口扇(CS)和侧向加积砂坝(LA)结构单元最为发育,其次是天然堤(LV)和决口水道(CR)结构单元,而河道滞流沉积(CHL)结构单元则不甚发育.决口扇(CS)结构单元是馆陶组上段砂体发育的主要单元之一,且富含油气资源.因此,进一步加强决口扇的研究对油气资源的勘察是十分必要的.     

Braided stream and flood plain architecture: the Rio Vero Formation,Spanish Pyrenees

Early- to middle-Miocene fluvial sandstones of the Rio Vero Formation were studied, in an area around the town of Barbastro, south central Pyrenees Spain. The outstanding quality of outcrops in this area allows a three-dimensional study of architectural elements.Six architectural elements are recognised, described in detail, and interpreted from three key localities. Seven main lithofacies were identified and sub-divided into gravelly, sandy and fine-grained lithofacies. The architectural elements and lithofacies have been combined with a hierarchy of depositional bounding surfaces to fully interpret the evolution of the depositional system at the meso- and macro-scale. Not only the different architectural elements and lithofacies of the complete braided fluvial system, but also the lateral variation of the architectural elements were emphasised in this study. Differential tectonic movements, seasonal climate change, and their effect on vertical and lateral evolution of the area were the main control on basin sedimentation, channel interconnection, palaeocurrent patterns, and consequently the fluvial architecture.The presence of lateral ramp anticlines caused the fluvial system to be laterally restricted, with the main channel-belts being located in the areas of highest subsidence and lowest topography. Intervening topographic highs acted as both flood plains and lateral barriers between the main channel systems. The proposed depositional model comprises broad, low-sinuosity, perennial, but seasonal moderate-energy streams. The sandstone architecture is dominated by channel-fill and sheet sands, and associated simple and more complex bars. Adjacent to the main channel-belts fine-grained sandstones, siltstones and immature paleosols occur.The along-strike relationship between major fluvial systems and their outlets into a foreland basin has important implications for the infill of the basin and the modelling of fluvial systems along mountain belt fronts.     

从端点走向连续:河流沉积模式研究进展述评

从河道类型的划分、河床演变与河型转换、河道沉积与河流砂体的建筑结构要素、河漫滩沉积、季节性河流与分支河流体系、河流沉积相模式、河流沉积学研究技术与方法等方面对国内外河流沉积模式的研究进展进行了综述,认为近十年来河流沉积学的理论和方法都发生了重要的变化。地貌学家、沉积学家和工程师认识到河道形态是连续可变的,而不是只有4~40多个端点类型。河床的演变受河床比降、流量变幅、河岸沉积物粒度构成、气候、植被以及构造沉降速率等多方面的影响。垂向剖面分析法难以对古河流类型做出正确的判断,运用建筑结构要素分析法重建河道内大型底形的地貌形态是河型判别和河流相模式重建的正确方法。河漫滩是河流沉积事件记录最为齐全的部位,对河漫滩、天然堤和泛滥平原沉积层序的研究能够揭示更多古河流沉积过程以及古环境、古气候和古生物方面的信息。对季节性河流、受季风强烈影响地区的河流、以及不同气候带河流所发育的独特沉积构造和建筑结构要素的研究不断增加。分支河流体系的概念得到越来越多的应用,但也得到不少质疑。我国学者应当注重对现代河流地貌形态和沉积过程的观察,把河床演变学的定量方法与沉积学的观点、理论和资料相结合,利用露头、三维地震资料和探地雷达技术建立河流砂体内部建筑结构信息数据库,加强对古河流河漫滩和泛滥平原的沉积过程、特征及其控制因素的研究,加强对不同构造和气候条件下河流沉积的差异性研究,不断发展河流沉积学研究技术,加强河流沉积学实验室建设和研究队伍建设,加强国际交流与合作,使我国河流沉积学为国家经济社会发展提供更加有力和有效的支撑,为推动国际河流沉积学发展做出中国人自己的贡献。     

Distinct styles of fluvial deposition in a Cambrian rift basin

Process‐based and facies models to account for the origin of pre‐vegetation (i.e. pre‐Silurian) preserved fluvial sedimentary architectures remain poorly defined in terms of their ability to account for the nature of the fluvial conditions required to accumulate and preserve architectural elements in the absence of the stabilizing influence of vegetation. In pre‐vegetation fluvial successions, the repeated reworking of bars and minor channels that resulted in the generation and preservation of broad, tabular, stacked sandstone‐sheets has been previously regarded as the dominant sedimentary mechanism. This situation is closely analogous to modern‐day poorly vegetated systems developed in arid climatic settings. However, this study demonstrates the widespread presence of substantially more complex stratigraphic architectures. The Guarda Velha Formation of Southern Brazil is a >500 m‐thick synrift fluvial succession of Cambrian age that records the deposits and sedimentary architecture of three distinct fluvial successions: (i) an early rift‐stage system characterized by coarse‐grained channel elements indicative of a distributive pattern with flow transverse to the basin axis; and two coeval systems from the early‐ to climax‐rift stages that represent (ii) an axially directed, trunk fluvial system characterized by large‐scale amalgamated sandy braid‐bar elements, and (iii) a distributive fluvial system characterized by multi‐storey, sandy braided‐channel elements that flowed transverse to the basin axis. Integration of facies and architectural‐element analysis with regional stratigraphic basin analysis, palaeocurrent and pebble‐provenance analysis demonstrates the mechanisms responsible for preserving the varied range of fluvial architectures present in this pre‐vegetation, rift‐basin setting. Identified major controls that influenced pre‐vegetation fluvial sedimentary style include: (i) spatial and temporal variation in discharge regime; (ii) the varying sedimentological characteristics of distinct catchment areas; (iii) the role of tectonic basin configuration and its direct role in influencing palaeoflow direction and fluvial style, whereby both the axial and transverse fluvial systems undertook a distinctive response to syn‐depositional movement on basin‐bounding faults. Detailed architectural analyses of these deposits reveal significant variations in geometry, with characteristics considerably more complex than that of simple, laterally extensive, stacked sandstone‐sheets predicted by most existing depositional models for pre‐vegetation fluvial systems. These results suggest that the sheet‐braided style actually encompasses a varied number of different pre‐vegetation fluvial styles. Moreover, this study demonstrates that contemporaneous axial and transverse fluvial systems with distinctive architectural expressions can be preserved in the same overall tectonic and climatic setting.     

精细油藏描述技术在胜坨油田开发中的应用

针对胜坨油田注水开发后期油田剩余油分布零散、开采难度大等问题，运用微构造研究、测井二次解释等精细油藏描述技术综合分析油藏平面、纵向上剩余油分布规律，为胜坨油田剩余油挖潜提供了资料依据，并在实际应用中取得了良好的开发效果．     

塔河9区三叠系下油组油藏精细地质建模

塔河9区三叠系下油组油藏属大底水、薄油层、受构造控制的砂岩孔隙型块状底水未饱和油藏.该区块的地质建模过程,采用目前较为先进的Petrel软件,充分利用钻井、地震、测井、地层对比信息,结合夹层解释结果,在孔渗曲线的基础上,选用不同的建模方法,通过对各种随机模型的评价,最终建立了接近油藏实际地质特征的三维精细地质模型.     

新疆克拉玛依油田三叠系克下组冲积扇内部构型*

应用研究区丰富的密井网和邻近露头资料,探讨了新疆克拉玛依油田三叠系克下组冲积扇内部构型单元的层次划分系统,并建立相应的沉积构型模式。在冲积扇的扇根、扇中和扇缘各亚相带,进一步划分了3个级次的构型要素以表达其内的沉积复杂性。扇根亚相主要由主槽、片流带和漫洪带组成,其中,在主槽内主要发育槽流砾石（岩）体（可细分为砾石坝和流沟）与泥石流沉积,在片流带内主要发育片流砂砾体（可细分为砾石坝和流沟）,在漫洪带主要发育漫洪砂体和漫洪细粒沉积,总体构型样式以广泛分布的砾石坝夹含流沟和漫洪沉积的“泛连通体”为特征;扇中亚相主要由辫流带和漫流带组成,其中,辫流带的主体构型要素为辫流水道（可细分为砂坝和沟道）,总体构型样式为复合宽带状辫流水道砂体与漫流细粒沉积侧向相间、垂向互层为特征;扇缘亚相主要由径流带和漫流带组成,其中,径流带的主体构型要素为径流水道,总体构型样式以窄带状径流水道和漫流砂体镶嵌于漫流—湿地泥岩之中为特征。     

海上油田河流相复合砂体构型级次解析*

在现有的碎屑沉积地质体构型分级方案基础上,充分考虑自然界中河流沉积演化规律以及海上油田的资料基础与经济开发尺度等因素,遵循地质体分级原则与依据,建立了海上油田河流相复合砂体构型分级方案。从地质成因、主控因素、时空规模等方面系统阐述了河流相复合砂体13级构型单元的基本特征,并解析其与相关沉积地质体级次的关联性。与现有的储层构型分级的差异主要在于新增了“复合点坝”级次,复合点坝是多期残存点坝以复合体形式叠置而成的沉积单元,该级次是储层构型理论、海上油田资料分辨能力与经济开发尺度三者的契合点,是海上油田“地震导向、井震联合”构型研究思路的良好实践。河流相复合砂体构型分级对于指导海上油气开发具有一定的优势。     

胜二区沙二段7砂组地层基准面旋回与沉积微相研究

应用油田开发区岩心、测井及地震等资料,对胜坨油田二区7砂组高分辨率层序发育特征以及不同级次基准面旋回内部沉积微相空间展布规律进行研究。研究表明,该区7砂组发育多级基准面旋回,包括1个长期基准面旋回、2个中期基准面旋回和9个短期基准面旋回,反映了可容空间与沉积物补给速率比值(A/S比值)在纵向上的多级变化发育模式,即在A/S比值总体向上变小的背景上,有多个次级A/S比值向上变小再变大的旋回。随着基准面的下降-波动-下降,沉积微相从7砂组底部的河口坝过度为地层中部的席状砂背景下残存的分流河道沉积,再到7砂组上部的河口坝沉积。A/S比值控制着研究区沉积微相的发育类型、展布模式。弄清楚研究区地层沉积特征与基准面旋回之间的关系对于精细储层表征和油田开发中后期井网调整具有重要指导意义。