田头菇菌丝体对镉、铅及其复合胁迫的生长与富集响应

在PDA平板培养条件下,研究了镉、铅及其复合污染对田头菇菌丝体生长的影响以及田头菇菌丝体对生长基质中镉、铅的生物富集作用.结果表明,在试验设置质量浓度范围内,菌丝生长势、菌落直径和菌丝体干质量等均随着重金属质量浓度的增大而减弱(小)或降低.田头菇菌丝体对Cd、Pb均具有生物富集作用,并且随着重金属质量浓度的增大菌丝体中重金属质量分数逐渐增大,初步认为Cd、Pb复合污染促进了菌丝体对Pb的吸收而抑制了对Cd的吸收.     

田头菇菌丝体对镉、铅及其复合胁迫的生长与富集响应

 在PDA平板培养条件下,研究了镉、铅及其复合污染对田头菇菌丝体生长的影响以及田头菇菌丝体对生长基质中镉、铅的生物富集作用。 结果表明,在试验设置质量浓度范围内,菌丝生长势、菌落直径和菌丝体干质量等均随着重金属质量浓度的增大而减弱(小)或降低。田头菇菌丝体对Cd、Pb均具有生物富集作用,并且随着重金属质量浓度的增大菌丝体中重金属质量分数逐渐增大,初步认为Cd、Pb复合污染促进了菌丝体对Pb的吸收而抑制了对Cd的吸收。     

重金属在金福菇中的积累及其对生长的影响

在未污染的基质和重金属污染的土壤中培养金福菇,研究其对土壤重金属的生物富集水平.干燥后的子实体样品采用微波消解处理并采用AAS分析（金属含量）.结果表明,子实体重金属含量随土壤重金属的增加而增加.单一污染的土壤中,高浓度的Cd 和Hg影响出菇时间和出菇量;第一潮菇中的重金属含量略高于第二潮菇,菌盖重金属含量高于菌柄;子实体中重金属最大积累量分别是Cr (48.33±0.27 mg/kg, DW)、Cd (14.72±0.17 mg/kg, DW )、Pb (2.13±0.03 mg/kg, DW ) 和     

北京市售食用菌的重金属含量及其对Pb的吸附特性研究

分析几种常见食用菌(平菇、口蘑、木耳和蟹味菇)的重金属含量,结合国家卫生标准对其安全性进行评估。结果表明,常见食用菌子实体的重金属(Pb,Mn,Co,Ni,Cr,Zn,Fe,Cd,V,Cu)含量均低于国家食用菌卫生限量标准。利用不同种类食用菌作为生物吸附剂,通过实验,研究各种食用菌子实体对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附特性、吸附模型以及吸附动力学特征。平菇、口蘑、木耳、蟹味菇的匀浆以及木耳活体的吸附过程均可用Langmuir方程进行拟合;平菇活体适合Frendlich方程。平菇、口蘑、木耳和蟹味菇对Pb(Ⅱ)的最大吸附量可达91.7,123,58.5和120 mg/g,与其他生物吸附剂相比,吸附效果更好。动力学研究发现,准二阶模型更符合食用菌对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附过程。研究结果揭示了食用菌用于治理重金属污染的可行性。     

Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)在长根菇菌丝体中的富集及其对SOD、CAT酶活的影响

以长根菇菌丝体为材料,测定其对Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的富集能力,以及不同浓度的Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)对菌丝体超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)酶活的影响,研究发现:低浓度Pb(Ⅱ)(100mg/L)明显刺激长根菇菌丝体的生长,而高浓度的Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)则抑制其生长；Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的浓度越大,菌丝体对其富集能力越强,其最大富集量可分别达1.2132× 104 mg/kg(Pb(Ⅱ))和1.99872×103 mg/kg(Cd(Ⅱ)).此外,研究还发现,Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)可提高菌丝抗氧化酶的活性,其CAT酶活可分别提高至1.131 U/g(Pb(Ⅱ),100mg/L)和2.263 U/g(Cd(Ⅱ),1 mg/L)；其SOD酶活可分别提高至13.976 U/g(Pb(Ⅱ),200mg/L)和14.668 U/g(Cd(Ⅱ),2 mg/L).     

花生秸秆回收对土壤重金属Cd、Pb、Cr污染的修复效果

为探究花生秸秆对不同重金属的吸收效果,通过温室盆栽实验,设置空白(CK)、低浓度重金属处理(Cd(L):10 mg/kg、Pb(L):5 mg/kg、Cr(L):1 mg/kg)和高浓度重金属处理(Cd(H):20 mg/kg、Pb(H):9 mg/kg、Cr(H):2 mg/kg),分析植物生长指标及秸秆的重金属含量.结果表明,土壤重金属污染降低了花生叶片叶绿素含量、株高及地上和地下生物量,花生秸秆(地上与地下部分)重金属含量随施加重金属浓度的增加而增加.在CK、Cd(L)和Cd(H)处理下,回收单位面积花生秸秆对Cd的吸收量分别为:0.01、0.08 mg/m~2和0.19 mg/m~2;在CK、Pb(L)和Pb(H)处理下,对Pb的吸收量为:0.04、0.16 mg/m~2和0.18 mg/m~2;在CK、Cr(L)和Cr(H)处理下,对Cr的吸收量为:0.004、1.3 mg/m~2和1.51 mg/m~2.研究结果表明,花生秸秆能吸收土壤中的重金属污染物,通过回收花生秸秆可一定程度的修复耕地土壤重金属污染.     

广西茅尾海海水和表层沉积物中重金属污染的调查及评价

2011年10月从钦州茅尾海采集19个海水样品和16个沉积物样品,利用原子吸收光谱仪和原子荧光分光光度计测定钦州茅尾海表层沉积物中6种重金属元素(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As)含量,采用单因子指数法和Hakanson生态风险指数法对海水及表层沉积物重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险性进行分析和评价.结果表明:该海域海水中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As的含量(μg/L)变化范围分别为0.9～4.2、0～12.8、0～59.8、0.03～0.34、0～0.105、0.23～0.82,平均浓度(μg/L)分别为2.2、2.3、17.4、0.13、0.047、0.43,其中,海水中的Pb平均含量超过国家一类海水水质标准,各种重金属单因子污染程度依次为Pb＞ Hg＞Zn＞Cu＞Cd＞As.表层沉积物中的Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As的含量(μg/L)变化范围分别为(2.1～46.5)×10-6、(13.9～34.0)×10-6、(21.4～114.1)×10-6、(0.06～0.40)×10-6、(0.001～0.126)×10-6、(3.77～19.63)×10-6,平均含量(μg/L)分别为18.1×10-6、26.3×10-5、56.7×10-6、0.19×10-6、0.056×10-6、9.60×10-6.该海域重金属综合污染程度和潜在生态风险性均较低,重金属元素污染程度Cu＞ As＞Pb＞Cd＞ Zn＞ Hg,重金属元素对海洋生态系统潜在危害的影响程度Cd＞Hg＞As＞Cu＞Pb＞Zn,沉积物中主要潜在生态风险因子为Cd、Hg.     

嘉峪关市北部土壤重金属分布特征及评价

以嘉峪关市北部工业园区的MF化工厂为中心,展开对周边土壤的重金属元素分布特征研究并进行环境评价.通过267个样品的重金属元素分析,得出重金属元素平均w(Pb)=4.454×10-5、w(Ni)=4.389×10-5、w(Cu)=4.394×10-5、w(Cr)=6.981 7×10-4和w(Cd)=2.6×10-7,分别超出中国土壤元素背景值89%、88%、120%、1 195%和255%,表现为显著的元素富集.用地累积指数法和富集因子法结合重金属元素质量分数,对研究区土壤重金属富集程度进行评价,发现Pb和Cd主要富集在生活垃圾堆放处和废弃工厂的周围, Ni, Cr和Cu在厂区和工业废渣堆积区附近富集.     

Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)在长根菇菌丝体中的富集及其对SOD、CAT酶活的影响

以长根菇菌丝体为材料,测定其对Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的富集能力,以及不同浓度的Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)对菌丝体超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）酶活的影响.研究发现：低浓度Pb(Ⅱ)（100mg/L）明显刺激长根菇菌丝体的生长,而高浓度的Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)则抑制其生长;Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的浓度越大,菌丝体对其富集能力越强,其最大富集量可分别达1.2132×104 mg/kg（Pb(Ⅱ)）和1.99872×103 mg/kg（Cd(Ⅱ)）.此外,研究还发现,Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)可提高菌丝抗氧化酶的活性,其CAT酶活可分别提高至1.131 U/g（Pb(Ⅱ),100 mg/L）和2.263 U/g（Cd(Ⅱ),1 mg/L）;其SOD酶活可分别提高至13.976 U/g（Pb(Ⅱ),200 mg/L）和14.668 U/g（Cd(Ⅱ),2 mg/L）.     

兰州市城关区街尘重金属的分布特征、赋存形态及环境风险评价

对兰州市城关区地表灰尘中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd 5种重金属的质量分数及存在形态进行分析研究.结果表明:兰州市城关区街尘中的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd的质量分数分别是8.568×10~(-5)、2.274×10~(-4)、9.636×10~(-5)、9.478×10~(-5)、8.40×10~(-7),均高于世界、中国、兰州市土壤元素背景值,但在全国范围内处于中等偏下水平.商业区Cu、Pb、Cr质量分数最高,居民区Zn、Cd质量分数最高,各功能区之间街尘重金属元素的质量分数不存在显著差异.Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr在街尘中主要以残渣态形式存在,Cd以铁锰氧化物形式占比最高.5种重金属的生物有效性为CdZnCu、CrPb.潜在生态风险评价法结果表明商业区、居民区和高校校园街尘重金属达到中等水平潜在生态危害,其中Cd污染贡献最大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-