人女性生殖器官和胎盘组织的凝集素标记研究

应用ＡＢＣ法和ＰＡＰ法系统研究了９种凝集素对子宫、卵巢、输卵管、乳腺和胎盘绒毛等５种组织的标记状况,发现大豆素（ＳＢＡ）只与子宫内膜被覆上皮而不与子宫内膜腺体上皮结合;蓖麻素－１（ＲＣＡ－１）则恰相反。胎盘绒毛合体细胞滋养层游离缘呈线状麦胚素（ＷＧＡ）结合阳性,而细胞滋养层麦胚素（ＷＧＡ）标记可为环细胞膜阳性。当子宫内膜由增生期向分泌期、妊娠期和乳腺由静止期向泌乳期进展时,麦胚素（ＷＧＡ）、双花扁豆素（ＤＢＡ）、花生素（ＰＮＡ）等凝集素在腺细胞游离缘的结合明显增强。此外,麦胚素（ＷＧＡ）、花生素（ＰＮＡ）、蓖麻素－１（ＲＣＡ－１）等在子宫内膜、乳腺、输卵管、卵巢等组织的被覆上皮和腺上皮细胞都有较高的结合。间质中纤维组织、血管内皮细胞和巨噬细胞等也与麦胚素（ＷＧＡ）、花生素（ＰＮＡ）、荆豆素－１（ＵＥＡ－１）及刀豆素（ＣｏｎＡ）等呈阳性结合。作者探讨了上述女性生殖器官和胎盘组织的凝集素标记特点、相互关系、共同规律及可能具有的生理生化意义。     

取食生境对白鹤越冬行为的影响

为探究人工生境与自然生境下白鹤Grus leucogeranus的行为差异及其可能对白鹤造成的影响,2021年1—2月,采用焦点动物取样法对鄱阳湖2个人工生境（藕塘、稻田）和1个自然生境（常湖池）的越冬白鹤行为进行了观察。结果表明,越冬期白鹤在不同生境下均以觅食行为为主,在稻田中比例最高（94.6%）,觅食频次显著高于藕塘（P<0.001）;稻田中的警戒行为频次显著高于藕塘和常湖池（P<0.001;P=0.002）,而藕塘和常湖池中的警戒行为频次无显著差异。白鹤在不同生境下食物的种类、营养成分、觅食方式均会影响白鹤越冬期行为及时间分配。本研究为加强越冬白鹤人工生境的保护与管理提供指导和依据。     

三线闭壳龟的人工保育

三线闭壳龟为集药用、观赏和食用于一身的珍稀动物,其自然资源日益枯竭,开展人工保育具有重要意义。人工保育措施主要包括：（１）提供良好的自然生态环境;（２）采用人工孵卵;（３）加强饲养管理;（４）做好敌害与病害的防治工作。     

子宫动脉栓塞术与子宫切除术应用于胎盘因素所致严重产后出血产妇中的效果比较

摘要 目的：比较子宫动脉栓塞术与子宫切除术应用于胎盘因素所致严重产后出血产妇中的效果。方法：回顾性分析南京鼓楼医院集团宿迁医院和南京医科大学第二附属医院于2014年1月至2021年12月期间收治的86例胎盘因素所致严重产后出血产妇的临床资料,根据手术方式分为子宫切除组（34例）与介入组（52例）;其中子宫切除组采用子宫切除术治疗,介入组采用子宫动脉栓塞术治疗。比较两组止血效果、出血量、围术期相关临床指标（手术时间、术后首次下床活动时间、术后住院时间）、术后并发症发生情况、凝血功能要因子、女性性功能指数量表（FSFI）评分和生活质量评分量表（SF-36）评分。结果：两组出血量、止血有效率比较无差异（P＞0.05）;介入组手术时间、术后首次下床活动时间、术后住院时间均短于子宫切除组（P＜0.05）;两组均无严重并发症发生,在感染、伤口渗血、疼痛、阴道出血及恶心呕吐的发生率无差异（P＞0.05）;其中介入组未见栓塞综合征,且发热发生率低于子宫切除组（P＜0.05）;术后6个月,两组孕妇血清APTT,PT升高,FIB下降,且介入组的FIB短于子宫切除组,PT、APTT高于子宫切除组（P＜0.05）;介入组术后6个月的FSFI评分和SF-36评分均高于子宫切除组（P＜0.05）。结论：子宫动脉栓塞术与子宫切除术应用于胎盘因素所致严重产后出血产妇中的效果相当,前者在促进术后康复、改善凝血功能和提高性生活质量、生活质量上具有优势,值得进一步研究应用。     

转基因动物乳腺生物反应器的发展概况及人工染色体在其中的应用

转基因动物乳腺生物反应器位点效应的影响是制备转基因动物乳腺生物反应器过程中的主要问题。酵母人工染色体（YAC）和细菌人工染色体（BAC）具有容量大的特性,可以将乳蛋白的整个基因座包括所有调控序列全部装载进去,有可能克服位点效应的影响,是一种理想的载体。YAC和BAC载体转基因技术可能成为避开基因打靶获得高效表达的转基因动物乳腺生物反应器的另一途径.     

硫酸镁联合小剂量阿司匹林治疗子痫前期效果及子宫动脉血流、胎盘VEGF、MMP-9表达影响研究

摘要 目的：探讨硫酸镁联合小剂量阿司匹林治疗子痫前期效果及子宫动脉血流、胎盘血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）表达影响研究。方法：选择2019年6月-2021年1月在我院接受治疗的125例子痫前期患者,采用随机数表法分为试验组（n=63）和对照组（n=62）。对照组给硫酸镁治疗,试验组在对照组的基础上联合小剂量阿司匹林治疗。比较两组临床疗效、子宫动脉血流、胎盘VEGF、MMP-9、血压水平变化情况及妊娠不良结局发生情况。结果：治疗后,两组总有效率比较差异显著（P<0.05）;治疗前,试验组和对照组子宫动脉指标水平比较无显著差异;治疗后,试验组和对照组RI、PI及S/D水平均随着时间的推移而升高,且试验组均高于对照组,差异显著（P<0.05）;治疗前,试验组和对照组胎盘VEGF、MMP-9水平比较无显著差异;治疗后,试验组和对照组胎盘VEGF、MMP-9水平均随着时间的推移而升高,且试验组均高于对照组,差异显著（P<0.05）;治疗前,试验组和对照组血压水平比较无显著差异;治疗后,试验组和对照组血压水平均随着时间的推移而降低,且试验组均低于对照组,差异显著（P<0.05）;试验组胎儿窘迫、宫缩乏力及新生儿窒息发生率均显著低于对照组,差异显著（P<0.05）。结论：在子痫前期中应用硫酸镁联合小剂量阿司匹林治疗疗效显著,可有效改善患者子宫动脉血流、胎盘VEGF、MMP-9水平。     

对人工饲料摄食性不同的家蚕品种Cph2基因的表达特征分析

家蚕Bombyx mori不同品种对人工饲料的摄食性存在很大差异。为探讨食性差异的分子机理, 本文基于对人工饲料摄食性不同的蚕品种（系）SAGE （serial analysis of gene expression）文库差异表达基因的分析, 发掘了1条家蚕假定表皮蛋白（cuticular protein hypothetical）基因BmCph2。采用半定量RT-PCR和实时荧光定量PCR方法, 对BmCph2在不同摄食性蚕品种（系）不同发育时期的表达特征进行了研究。结果表明： BmCph2基因在家蚕幼虫眠期和起蚕期高表达, 在胚胎期和幼虫将眠期几乎检测不到表达; 在幼虫头部与全蚕的表达特征相似, 而在中肠中表达活性很低, 推测该基因表达可能与家蚕新表皮的形成有关。BmCph2在对人工饲料摄食性不同的蚕品种（系）中的表达存在较大差异, 在摄食性好的高食性品种中表达量显著低于摄食性差的低食性品种; 饲料和忌避剂的气味刺激及取食刺激对不同品种（系）该基因的表达有不同的影响, 高食性蚕对诱导刺激比较敏感, 而低食性蚕受影响较小, 尤其是菁松A和菁松B的低食性品系几乎不受影响。本研究结果说明, BmCph2基因除可能参与表皮形成的同时, 还与家蚕的食性有密切关系, 但其具体机理有待于进一步研究。     

CECMAtlas 1.0: 人类肿瘤相关的细胞外基质基因数据库

细胞外基质（extracellular matrix，ECM）是细胞微环境的重要组成部分，它不仅能为细胞提供物理支持，而且还参与了多种生物学过程。近年来，已经鉴定出来数百种与癌症相关的ECM（cancer-related ECM，C-ECM）基因，其中一些已作为潜在靶标。目前，有关于C-ECM基因的丰富信息还散布在成千上万的出版物中，并且它们在肿瘤发生过程中的作用也未被系统的整理。本文构建了CECMAtlas数据库（http://biokb.ncpsb.org.cn/CECMAtlas/），该数据库使用文献挖掘和人工判读收集了225个C-ECM基因，以及相关生物学过程信息，该数据库将有助于研究肿瘤的发生机制和开展可能的临床应用。     

蓝光滤过型人工晶体抑制黄斑变性

一项新的研究表明,白内障手术中植入蓝光滤过型人工晶状体,可能抑制年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）的发展。     

生理学家是否接受这一挑战——记第六次国际胎盘与子宫内膜蛋白会议

第六次国际胎盘与子宫内膜蛋白会议于1987年12月1～3日,在日本名古屋东急饭店召开。来自英、美、日、西欧和北欧等近30个国家和地区的300多位科学家参加了这次会议。会上有关促性腺激素和滋养层疾病、胎盘酶学、胎盘凝固因子与血小板凝集、胎盘与子宫内膜蛋白的免疫学及其在生殖过程的作用等问题引起了学者们的注意。有25名科学家应邀作了大会报告。我国北京医科大学的李伟雄作了“用单克隆抗体及抗独特型抗体研究 hCG 的结构与功能”的报告;台湾省高雄医学院李昭南教授也作了“关于发现胎盘一个新的多肽”的报告,这都引起了与会者极大兴趣。有56名科学家在会上报告了自己的工作。71名科学家贴出了墙报。     

On the origin of the Hirudinea and the demise of the Oligochaeta

The phylogenetic relationships of the Clitellata were investigated with a data set of published and new complete 18S rRNA gene sequences of 51 species representing 41 families. Sequences were aligned on the basis of a secondary structure model and analysed with maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood. In contrast to the latter method, parsimony did not recover the monophyly of Clitellata. However, a close scrutiny of the data suggested a spurious attraction between some polychaetes and clitellates. As a rule, molecular trees are closely aligned with morphology-based phylogenies. Acanthobdellida and Euhirudinea were reconciled in their traditional Hirudinea clade and were included in the Oligochaeta with the Branchiobdellida via the Lumbriculidae as a possible link between the two assemblages. While the 18S gene yielded a meaningful historical signal for determining relationships within clitellates, the exact position of Hirudinea and Branchiobdellida within oligochaetes remained unresolved. The lack of phylogenetic signal is interpreted as evidence for a rapid radiation of these taxa. The placement of Clitellata within the Polychaeta remained unresolved. The biological reality of polytomies within annelids is suggested and supports the hypothesis of an extremely ancient radiation of polychaetes and emergence of clitellates.     

On the ontogeny of the haptor and the evolution of the Monogenea

Data on the ontogeny of the posterior haptor of monogeneans were obtained from more than 150 publications and summarised. These data were plotted into diagrams showing evolutionary capacity levels based on the theory of a progressive evolution of marginal hooks, anchors and other attachment components of the posterior haptor in the Monogenea (Malmberg, 1986). 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks are assumed to be the most primitive monogenean haptoral condition. Thus the diagrams were founded on a 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hook evolutionary capacity level, and the evolutionary capacity levels of anchors and other haptoral attachement components were arranged according to haptoral ontogenetical sequences. In the final plotting diagram data on hosts, type of spermatozoa, oncomiracidial ciliation, sensilla pattern and protonephridial systems were also included. In this way a number of correlations were revealed. Thus, for example, the number of 5 + 5 marginal hooks correlates with the most primitive monogenean type of spermatozoon and with few sensillae, many ciliated cells and a simple protonephridial system in the oncomiracidium. On the basis of the reviewed data it is concluded that the ancient monogeneans with 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks were divided into two main lines, one retaining unhinged marginal hooks and the other evolving hinged marginal hooks. Both main lines have recent representatives at different marginal hook evolutionary capacity levels, i.e. monogeneans retaining a haptor with only marginal hooks. For the main line with hinged marginal hooks the name Articulon-choinea n. subclass is proposed. Members with 8 + 8 hinged marginal hooks only are here called Proanchorea n. superord. Monogeneans with unhinged marginal hooks only are here called Ananchorea n. superord. and three new families are erected for its recent members: Anonchohapteridae n. fam., Acolpentronidae n. fam. and Anacanthoridae n. fam. (with 7 + 7, 8 + 8 and 9 + 9 unhinged marginal hooks, respectively). Except for the families of Articulonchoinea (e.g. Acanthocotylidae, Gyrodactylidae, Tetraonchoididae) Bychowsky's (1957) division of the Monogenea into the Oligonchoinea and Polyonchoinea fits the proposed scheme, i.e. monogeneans with unhinged marginal hooks form one old group, the Oligonchoinea, which have 5 + 5 unhinged marginal hooks, and the other group form the Polyonchoinea, which (with the exception of the Hexabothriidae) has a greater number (7 + 7, 8 + 8 or 9 + 9) of unhinged marginal hooks. It is proposed that both these names, Oligonchoinea (sensu mihi) and Polyonchoinea (sensu mihi), will be retained on one side and Articulonchoinea placed on the other side, which reflects the early monogenean evolution. Except for the members of Ananchorea [Polyonchoinea], all members of the Oligonchoinea and Polyonchoinea have anchors, which imply that they are further evolved, i.e. have passed the 5 + 5 marginal hook evolutionary capacity level (Malmberg, 1986). There are two main types of anchors in the Monogenea: haptoral anchors, with anlages appearing in the haptor, and peduncular anchors, with anlages in the peduncle. There are two types of haptoral anchors: peripheral haptoral anchors, ontogenetically the oldest, and central haptoral anchors. Peduncular anchors, in turn, are ontogenetically younger than peripheral haptoral anchors. There may be two pairs of peduncular anchors: medial peduncular anchors, ontogentically the oldest, and lateral peduncular anchors. Only peduncular (not haptoral) anchors have anchor bars. Monogeneans with haptoral anchors are here called Mediohaptanchorea n. superord. and Laterohaptanchorea n. superord. or haptanchoreans. All oligonchoineans and the oldest polyonchoineans are haptanchoreans. Certain members of Calceostomatidae [Polyonchoinea] are the only monogeneans with both (peripheral) haptoral and peduncular anchors (one pair). These monogeneans are here called Mixanchorea n. superord. Polyonchoineans with peduncular anchors and unhinged marginal hooks are here called the Pedunculanchorea n. superord. The most primitive pedunculanchoreans have only one pair of peduncular anchors with an anchor bar, while the most advanced have both medial and lateral peduncular anchors; each pair having an anchor bar. Certain families of the Articulonchoinea, the Anchorea n. superord., also have peduncular anchors (parallel evolution): only one family, the Sundanonchidae n. fam., has both medial and lateral peduncular anchors, each anchor pair with an anchor bar. Evolutionary lines from different monogenean evolutionary capacity levels are discussed and a new system of classification for the Monogenea is proposed.In agreeing to publish this article, I recognise that its contents are controversial and contrary to generally accepted views on monogenean systematics and evolution. I have anticipated a reaction to the article by inviting senior workers in the field to comment upon it: their views will be reported in a future issue of this journal. EditorIn agreeing to publish this article, I recognise that its contents are controversial and contrary to generally accepted views on monogenean systematics and evolution. I have anticipated a reaction to the article by inviting senior workers in the field to comment upon it: their views will be reported in a future issue of this journal. Editor