儿童过敏性疾病与注意缺陷多动障碍的关联及相关机制研究进展

注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是儿童阶段起病的神经发育障碍。近年来研究发现,其与过敏性疾病呈现高共病特点,过敏性疾病会增加儿童患ADHD的风险。二者相关性涉及复杂的神经免疫学机制:婴儿期的过敏性疾病造成的免疫失调可能影响神经发育,进而引起ADHD;ADHD也可能与过敏性哮喘等疾病涉及相似的发病机制,为累及器官在大脑的过敏性疾病。虽然大量研究认为,ADHD与神经免疫机制有关,但具体神经免疫通路有待进一步研究探索。本文对儿童过敏性疾病和ADHD关系的研究进行定性综述,并总结二者关联的机制,旨在为探索ADHD发病机制和干预方式提供新思路。     

维生素D在儿童注意力缺陷多动障碍中作用的研究进展

维生素D(Vit D)作为一种神经甾体,它在大脑增值、分化、神经营养、神经递质和神经可塑性等方面发挥了重要的作用,而最近有研究表明注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)患儿维生素D水平低于健康儿童,可能与ADHD的发病机制有关,本文将对维生素D与儿童ADHD的作用机制进行了探讨。     

注意缺陷多动障碍与内分泌的研究进展

注意缺陷多动障碍(attentiondificithyperactivitydisorder,ADHD)病因和发病机制不明,以往学者已从神经、免疫等方面进行了探索。随着神经-免疫-内分泌网络的形成,ADHD与内分泌的关系已引起关注,本文就内分泌激素与ADHD的关系进行综述,为ADHD发病机制及治疗的进一步研究提供新的途经。     

注意缺陷多动障碍儿童睡眠问题的研究进展

注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是儿童青少年常见的神经发育障碍性疾病,主要表现为与年龄发育不相称的注意力不集中、多动和/或冲动。ADHD易共患其他疾病,其中睡眠问题日益受到关注。患有睡眠问题的ADHD患儿可能会导致更加严重的功能障碍,影响情绪、注意力、行为,最终影响学校或者工作表现和生活质量。本文主要从ADHD患儿常见的睡眠问题、ADHD共患睡眠问题的病理机制及药物治疗对ADHD患儿睡眠的影响三个方面进行综述,以提高人们对二者之间联系的认识。     

锌、镁、铁和维生素D缺乏与儿童注意缺陷多动障碍关系的研究进展

注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是一种神经发育障碍性疾病, 发病率呈逐年上升趋势, 病因和发病机制尚不明确。虽然支持营养补充剂治疗ADHD的证据有限, 但大量研究表明ADHD患儿的锌、镁、铁和维生素D水平显著低于健康儿童。这些营养素在神经功能中均具有重要作用。因此, 本文综述了锌、镁、铁和维生素D缺乏与ADHD关系的研究进展, 鼓励医务工作者通过回顾患儿的饮食历史, 采取适当的筛查和预防性治疗措施。     

DHD病因及发病机制的研究进展

注意缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD)已不再认为是由单一因素造成的。本文就近 10年来国内外学者的研究动态 ,从ADHD的遗传学、神经生理、生化学、神经系统解剖学及社会心理学等诸方面 ,对ADHD的病因及发病机制进行综述 ,对今后ADHD的诊断、治疗提供参考依据     

注意缺陷多动障碍和校园欺凌

注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是一种在儿童期常见的神经发育障碍，其主要症状表现为注意力不集中、多动和冲动。ADHD儿童在学业成绩、同伴关系和情绪调节等方面存在困难。校园欺凌是发生在学生之间蓄意或恶意通过肢体、语言及网络等手段，实施欺负、侮辱造成伤害的行为，对欺凌者和受欺凌者的心理都会产生不良的影响。与正常儿童相比，ADHD儿童更容易参与校园欺凌行为，且校园欺凌对ADHD儿童造成的影响更严重。年龄和ADHD症状等个人特征因素，同伴关系和父母教养方式等风险因素都可能是影响ADHD儿童参与校园欺凌的潜在因素，而校园欺凌经历可能导致ADHD儿童出现各种心理健康问题。对于校园欺凌的干预策略需考虑到ADHD儿童的特殊性，从家庭、学校和社会对ADHD儿童进行多层面的干预可能是更有效的措施。     

儿童注意缺陷多动障碍与过敏性疾病的相关性研究

注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是儿童和青少年中常见的神经行为障碍,其核心特征是注意力不集中、多动和冲动障碍,但其病因和发病机制尚未阐明。过敏性疾病作为儿童期常见的慢性疾病,发病率逐年上升,在过敏性疾病的症状移行过程中,其症状并不局限于过敏性疾病本身,还可能合并某些行为和神经心理问题,虽然已有大量研究证实过敏性疾病可增加ADHD的患病风险,但二者之间的联系仍然存在争议。本文旨在综述近几年国内外文献中ADHD和过敏性疾病二者之间的流行病学和病理生理学联系,以提高人们对二者之间联系的认识     

ADHD病因及发病机制的研究进展

注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)已不再认为是由单一因素造成的。本文就近10年来国内外学者的研究动态，从ADHD的遗传学、神经生理、生化学、神经系统解剖学及社会心理学等诸方面，对ADHD的病因及发病机制进行综述，对今后ADHD的诊断、治疗提供参考依据。     

学龄前儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的干预进展

注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是儿童时期常见的神经发育障碍性疾病,以注意力不集中、多动及冲动为主要症状,在学龄前期主要表现为多动。ADHD对患儿的学业成绩、人际交往、身心发育等多方面产生严重负面影响,并可持续到青春期或成年期。早期干预可以减轻ADHD核心症状,减少共患病发生率。目前学龄前ADHD的干预手段包括行为治疗、物理治疗、药物治疗等。药物治疗可明显改善ADHD核心症状,但无法改善学龄前儿童的社交和情绪问题,且药物副反应会造成成瘾、依从性差等问题。行为治疗不仅可以改善患儿的社交功能和情绪,减轻父母养育压力,且不存在药物副作用等问题,成为当下的研究热点。本文对学龄前ADHD儿童的干预进展进行综述。     

邻苯二甲酸酯与儿童注意缺陷多动障碍关联的研究进展

随着环境问题日益严重,环境污染物对儿童神经心理行为发育的影响成为社会关注的热点问题。注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是儿童期最普遍、最常见的心理与行为障碍之一,环境毒物对于儿童ADHD症状、疾病存在一定的贡献。越来越多的毒理学和流行病学证据表明,邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)与儿童ADHD症状、疾病可能存在关联,二者间的关联可能涉及到多巴胺神经元系统、甲状腺系统、氧化应激及睾酮修饰的异常。明确PAEs与儿童ADHD的关联及内在机制,对于深入探索ADHD病因学和病理机制至关重要。     

注意缺陷多动障碍神经心理缺损的研究进展

随着越来越多的新技术用于注意缺陷多动障碍的病因及病理机制的研究中 ,有关注意缺陷多动障碍脑结构、脑功能以及认知神经心理方面的研究成为该领域的热点。该文就近几年注意缺陷多动障碍神经心理学方面的研究做一简介     

Substance abuse disorders in the parents of ADHD children, and parents of normal children

The objective of the study was to compare the attention-deficit/ hyperactivity, and substance abuse disorders background in the parents of children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the parents of normal children. The available sampling method was used to choose 400 parents of children (200 parents of children with ADHD and 200 parents of normal children), the ages of children were 6-18 years old. The data were collected through the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) for parents and the Kiddy Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL), Connors Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS) and the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) for adult ADHD. The results were analyzed by using SPSS-17 software, based on two-variable Chi-Square and t-tests.and P value in all disorders were equals to P<0.05. The results indicated that substance abuse in parents of children with ADHD is 21% more prevalent, and parents of children with ADHD compared to parents of normal children have 2% ADHD, 9% attention deficit disorder, and 1% hyperactivity disorder more in their background. Therefore, we conclude that there exists a significant difference between the above mentioned disorders in the parents of children with ADHD, and parents of normal children. The high prevalence rate of disorders and background of ADHD in families of individuals with ADHD shows the probability of effect of inheritance in the disorder. Also, it shows that parents of children with ADHD have more substance abuse and history of ADHD in their background.     

Parental involvement in reading

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a commonly diagnosed neuropsychological disorder among school-aged children. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between father residency status and children's symptoms of ADHD using a large, nationally representative and community-based sample. To achieve this purpose, structural equation modelling was used to examine the relationship between ADHD symptoms and father residency. The relationship was examined in the context of a sample of typically developing children and a sample of children diagnosed with ADHD. The association between father residency and symptoms of ADHD among typically developing children was significant, but the same relationship among children diagnosed with ADHD was not significant. Father residency appears to share some relationship with symptoms of ADHD, but when symptoms reach the level for a clinical diagnosis, father residency appears to share little relationship with severity of symptoms of ADHD.     

Mental health in the United States. Prevalence of diagnosis and medication treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder--United States, 2003

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), previously known as attention deficit disorder, is a neurobehavioral disorder characterized by pervasive inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity that often results in substantial functional impairment. Prevalence estimates of ADHD in school-aged children have ranged from 2% to 18% in community samples. Although stimulant medications are an effective first-line treatment for ADHD , concern persists regarding the possible side effects and long-term health outcomes associated with stimulant consumption. Estimating the number of children who have had ADHD diagnosed and are currently taking medication for the disorder is an important step toward understanding the overall burden of ADHD in the United States. Previously, population-based estimates of medication treatment for ADHD were not available or were limited by their lack of generalizability. To estimate rates of parent-reported ADHD diagnosis and medication treatment for ADHD, CDC analyzed data from the 2003 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH). This report describes the results of that analysis, which indicated that, in 2003, approximately 4.4 million children aged 4-17 years were reported to have a history of ADHD diagnosis; of these, 2.5 million (56%) were reported to be taking medication for the disorder. Because both substantial health risks and benefits might be associated with medication treatment for ADHD, further study of this population of children with ADHD is needed.     

营养补充剂治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的研究进展

注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是一种常见的儿童和青少年神经行为障碍性疾病,可能会持续到成年。多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)和锌、铁、镁等矿物质供应不足被认为在ADHD症状的发展中发挥重要作用。本文综述了PUFA和矿物质营养补充剂治疗ADHD的相关研究进展,鼓励临床医生在回顾患儿饮食历史的基础上,采取适当的筛查和预防性措施,为ADHD患儿提供个性化治疗策略。     

药物治疗对注意缺陷多动障碍儿童生活质量的影响

生活质量(QOL)是指个体的健康状态对其生理功能、心理功能和社会功能方面的影响。在临床工作及研究中,QOL可以作为评估行为、功能和治疗效果的一种手段,促进对疾病更全面的了解。注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是一种神经发育障碍,研究显示ADHD患儿的QOL显著降低,改善ADHD患儿的QOL具有重要治疗意义。本文介绍了ADHD患儿QOL的临床特点,重点介绍了药物对ADHD患儿QOL 的作用,并提出了未来改善ADHD患儿QOL的方向。     

营养补充剂治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的研究进展

注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是一种常见的儿童和青少年神经行为障碍性疾病,可能会持续到成年。多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)和锌、铁、镁等矿物质供应不足被认为在ADHD症状的发展中发挥重要作用。本文综述了PUFA和矿物质营养补充剂治疗ADHD的相关研究进展,鼓励临床医生在回顾患儿饮食历史的基础上,采取适当的筛查和预防性措施,为ADHD患儿提供个性化治疗策略。