A multi-path mechanism for reliable VoIP transmission over wireless networks

With the advances in audio encoding standards and wireless access networks, voice over IP (VoIP) is becoming quite popular. However, real-time voice data over lossy networks (such as WLAN and UMTS), still posses several challenging problems because of the adverse effects caused by complex network dynamics. One approach to provide QoS for VoIP applications over the wireless networks is to use multiple paths to deliver VoIP data destined for a particular receiver. This paper introduced cmpSCTP, a transport layer solution for concurrent multi-path transfer that modifies the standard stream control transmission protocol (SCTP). The cmpSCTP aims at exploiting SCTP’s multi-homing capability by selecting several best paths among multiple available network interfaces to improve data transfer rate to the same multi-homed device. Through the use of path monitoring and packet allotment techniques, cmpSCTP tries to transmit an amount of packets corresponding to the path’s ability. At the same time, cmpSCTP updates the transmission strategy based on the real-time information of all of paths. Using cmpSCTP’s flexible path management capability, we may switch the flow between multiple paths automatically to realize seamless path handover. The theoretical analysis evaluated the model of cmpSCTP and formulated optimal traffic fragmentation of VoIP data. Extensive simulations under different scenarios using OPNET verified that cmpSCTP can effectively enhance VoIP transmission efficiency and highlighted the superiority of cmpSCTP against the other SCTP’s extension implementations under performance indexes such as throughput, handover latency, packet delay, and packet loss.     

基于MPLS Diff-Serv的QoS实现技术

IP网络对服务质量(QoS)的支持一直是网络技术研究的热点,有几种协议支持IP网络的QoS,描述了综合服务结构模型(IntServ／RSVP)、区分服务结构模型(Diff-Serv)和多协议标记交换技术(MPLS)的原理,讨论了Diff-Serv的关键技术和基于MPLS Diff-Serv支持数据传输服务质量(QoS)的实现技术。     

IP网络QoS体系性能的研究

MPLS流量工程通过优化IP网络资源的使用以提高网络性能,同时结合约束路由和面向连接的标记交换路径提供了端到端的QoS保障。在网络上层,DiffServ和MPLS相结合,DiffServ将业务分类、整形、聚合,MPLS再将处理过的数据转换成不同的标签进行转发。在网络底层,MPLS与WDM光网络技术相结合,从而实现更快、更智能的数据传送。     

无线Mesh网络中VOIP的QoS性能分析

针对VoIP(Voice over IP)业务在无线Mesh网上进行传输时存在服务质量(QoS)需求难以保证、带宽利用率低的问题,介绍了VoIP的QoS影响因素,分析了端到端时延、时延抖动和丢包率等几个重要参数,并对VoIP在无线Mesh网中的传输性能进行了论述。提出了基于无线Mesh网络的QoS保证机制,可以为端到端的数据传输公平的分配带宽,并能在保证QoS下实现大规模的实时任务的多跳转发。仿真试验表明能有效降低端到端时延,有着更好的QoS性能。     

在ATM网络上MPLS的实现

多协议标记交换技术(MPLS)能在主干网上大大提高IP转发性能，并提供服务分类(CoS)及服务质量保证(QoS)。MPLS在现有的主干ATM网上可提供高性能的IP服务。该文主要介绍了MPLS技术，并讨论了在ATM网上实现MPLS所必须解决的一些关健技术。     

MPLS VPN技术在WLAN接入分组域中的应用与研究

以WLAN为代表的无线局域网技术,已成为蜂窝网络数据流量的有效分流手段.通过WLAN访问运营商的分组域业务以成为研究的热点.MPLS VPN为利用多协议标签交换技术组建的虚拟专用网,管理维护简单,安全性高且支持QoS和流量工程.负载均衡是MPLS流量工程的一项重要应用,本文通过MPLS VPN在WLAN接入分组域组网中的应用,给出了VPN的组网方式,同时提出了基于多LSP的网络优化方案,建立了相应的优化模型并研究了在实际网络中流量分配的方式.     

A novel path protection scheme for MPLS networks using multi-path routing

Multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) is an evolving network technology that is used to provide traffic engineering (TE) and high speed networking. Internet service providers, which support MPLS technology, are increasingly demanded to provide high quality of service (QoS) guarantees. One of the aspects of QoS is fault tolerance. It is defined as the property of a system to continue operating in the event of failure of some of its parts. Fault tolerance techniques are very useful to maintain the survivability of the network by recovering from failure within acceptable delay and minimum packet loss while efficiently utilizing network resources.In this paper, we propose a novel approach for fault tolerance in MPLS networks. Our approach uses a modified (k, n) threshold sharing scheme with multi-path routing. An IP packet entering MPLS network is partitioned into n MPLS packets, which are assigned to node/link disjoint LSPs across the MPLS network. Receiving MPLS packets from k out of n LSPs are sufficient to reconstruct the original IP packet. The approach introduces no packet loss and no recovery delay while requiring reasonable redundant bandwidth. In addition, it can easily handle single and multiple path failures.     

MPLS流量工程提升IP网络QoS性能的研究

MPLS流量工程通过优化IP网络资源的使用以提高网络性能,并通过结合约束路由和面向连接的标记交换路径提供了端到端的QoS保障。该文在总结现有IPQoS主要技术的基础上,进一步论述了MPLS流量工程的主要体系结构和实现机制。并通过实验对比分析了MPLS流量工程相对于传统IGP在优化网络资源和支持显式路由LSP的优势并测试了对IP网络QoS的提升。     

支持QoS的SIP代理服务器方案的设计与实现

从如何提高基于SIP协议的VoIP系统的语音质量出发，分析了该系统与MPLS技术结合处的难点，并提出了一种支持QoS的SIP代理服务器模型的解决方案。该方案的设计结构清晰、可扩展性强，解决了SIP代理服务器在IP网络中没有会话服务质量控制能力的问题，是一种好的融合VoIP及MPLS两大技术的应用模型。该方案目前已运用于基于嵌入式Linux平台的VoIP系统中，完全能够满足高质量语音的需求。     

基于MPLS的IP-QoS机制研究

多协议标签交换（MPLS）网络层协议结合了异步交换模式（ATM）的交换技术和IP协议的路由技术,被认为是未来网络的关键协议,同时可被应用于IP网络提供服务质量保障IP-QoS和构建虚拟网.在介绍了综合服务模型IntServ和差分服务模型DiffServ两种服务模型工作原理和网络结构的基础上,重点对IP-QoS在MPLS域的实现机制及其实现的优势做研究了,最后对基于MPLS的IP-QoS应用做了分析.     

Design and implementation of QoS-provisioning system for voice over IP

In this paper, we address issues in implementing voice over IP (VoIP) services in packet switching networks. VoIP has been identified as a critical real-time application in the network QoS research community and has been implemented in commercial products. To provide competent quality of service for VoIP systems comparable to traditional PSTN systems, a call admission control (CAC) mechanism has to be introduced to prevent packet loss and over-queuing. Several well-designed CAC mechanisms, such as the site-utilization-based CAC-and the link-utilization-based CAC mechanisms have been in place. However, the existing commercial VoIP systems have not been able to adequately apply and support these CAC mechanisms and, hence, have been unable to provide QoS guarantees to voice over IP networks. We have designed and implemented a QoS-provisioning system that can be seamlessly integrated with the existing VoIP systems to overcome their weakness in offering QoS guarantees. A practical implementation of our QoS-provisioning system has been realized.     

一种分类预计算QoS路由算法

为了满足Internet上各种网络应用的传输服务质量的需求,Internet工程任务组(IETF)先后提出了集成服务/资源预留模型(integrated service/resource reservation protocol,简称IntServ/RSVP)、区分服务模型(differentiated service,简称DiffServ)以及从流量工程角度提出的多协议标记交换(multi protocol label switching,简称MPLS).这些服务模型都需要一个与之相适应的QoS路由机制     

New MPLS network management techniques based on adaptive learning

The combined use of the differentiated services (DiffServ) and multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) technologies is envisioned to provide guaranteed quality of service (QoS) for multimedia traffic in IP networks, while effectively using network resources. These networks need to be managed adaptively to cope with the changing network conditions and provide satisfactory QoS. An efficient strategy is to map the traffic from different DiffServ classes of service on separate label switched paths (LSPs), which leads to distinct layers of MPLS networks corresponding to each DiffServ class. In this paper, three aspects of the management of such a layered MPLS network are discussed. In particular, an optimal technique for the setup of LSPs, capacity allocation of the LSPs and LSP routing are presented. The presented techniques are based on measurement of the network state to adapt the network configuration to changing traffic conditions.     

数据中心网络中基于传输速率分配算法的TCP协议

传输控制协议(Transmission Control Protocol,TCP)是数据中心网络中常用的传输协议。然而,同一个网络环境下,由于TCP协议的公平共享原则,TCP无法保障不同优先级业务的服务质量。针对该问题,提出了基于传输速率分配算法的TCP(Transmit Rate Allocation based TCP,TRA-TCP)。汇聚节点实时监测记录不同优先级业务的数据传输速率,并为不同优先级的业务流分配不同的传输速率,以保障高优先级业务的QoS。实验表明,与已有协议相比,TRA-TCP协议最高能够将高优先级业务的吞吐量提升50%,并且将高优先级业务的时延保持在0.1秒以下。     

基于带宽管理的实时流媒体传输策略

流控制传输协议（SCTP）是基于不可靠的、无连接的分组IP网络上的一种面向消息的、可靠的传输层协议,它更适合在较高的网络带宽环境下的应用。而作为一种部分可靠版本的PRSCTP在带宽受限的网络环境下有更好的性能表现。该文提出一种适合实时流媒体网络应用的方案BMSCTP,它通过带宽估计机制,实现自适应地在SCTP和PRSCTP之间进行切换。出于性能分析和评估的需要,设计了一组仿真实验。实验结果显示,动态网络环境下传输实时流媒体时,在投递率和传输延迟等性能指标方面,BMSCTP要优于SCTP和PRSCTP。     

MPLS VPN关键技术研究

利用多协议标记交换(multi-protocol label switch,MPLS)骨干网络实施虚拟专用网是一种具有巨大技术优势的新型VPN(virtual private network)技术.目前,MPLS VPN技术本身还具有一定局限性.如多自治系统VPN中实施服务质量和网络管理的复杂性,以及缺乏内在安全机制等.阐述了MPLS VPN的关键技术,分析了多自治系统MPLS VPN的实现方式及其服务质量问题,提出了增强MPLS VPN安全性的方法.     

基于NS2的MPLS流量工程仿真研究

MPLS被认为是下一代Internet骨干网络的核心技术,利用MPLS可以有效实施流量工程。文中对MPLS技术进行了介绍,针对流量工程的要求,给出了满足MPLS流量工程要求的系统模型。通过对仿真工具NS2的扩展,建立了一个MPLS流量工程仿真器,可以实现对MPLS转发技术和约束路由算法进行性能评估。仿真器的核心思想是,在标记交换路由器LSR模型中实现了标记分发、信令协议和路由协议扩展等基本功能;在标记边缘路由器LER模型上实现了对显示路由算法的支持。     

VoIP development in China

Several factors have spurred the explosive growth of VoIP phone use in China, including customer incentives such as improved voice quality and lower cost per call, and provider incentives such as higher profits and upgrade paths to next-generation technologies. The voice over Internet protocol, also called IP telephony, offers a new type of service that uses the Internet protocol, intranets, and extranets to deliver voice information. In contrast to traditional telephone services, which operate through a circuit-switched network, VoIP uses a packet-switched network. This distinction results in differences in implementation, quality of service (QoS), and operating costs. Since the service was introduced to the public in China in April 1999, VoIP toll telephone traffic has increased with astonishing speed. By the end of 2002, VoIP toll telephone traffic had surpassed traditional toll telephone traffic in China in both domestic longdistance and international call areas, including phone calls to and from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan.     

An efficient joint channel assignment and QoS routing protocol for IEEE 802.11 multi-radio multi-channel wireless mesh networks

With the emerging of video, voice over IP (VoIP) and other real-time multimedia services, more and more people pay attention to quality of service (QoS) issues in terms of the bandwidth, delay and jitter, etc. As one effective way of broadband wireless access, it has become imperative for wireless mesh networks (WMNs) to provide QoS guarantee. Existing works mostly modify QoS architecture dedicated for ad hoc or sensor networks, and focus on single radio and single channel case. Meanwhile, they study the QoS routing or MAC protocol from view of isolated layer. In this paper, we propose a novel cross-layer QoS-aware routing protocol on OLSR (CLQ-OLSR) to support real-time multimedia communication by efficiently exploiting multi-radio and multi-channel method. By constructing multi-layer virtual logical mapping over physical topology, we implement two sets of routing mechanisms, physical modified OLSR protocol (M-OLSR) and logical routing, to accommodate network traffic. The proposed CLQ-OLSR is based on a distributed bandwidth estimation scheme, implemented at each node for estimating the available bandwidth on each associated channel. By piggybacking the bandwidth information in HELLO and topology control (TC) messages, each node disseminates information of topology and available bandwidth to other nodes in the whole network in an efficient way. From topology and bandwidth information, the optimized path can be identified. Finally, we conduct extensive simulation to verify the performance of CLQ-OLSR in different scenarios on QualNet platform. The results demonstrate that our proposed CLQ-OLSR outperforms single radio OLSR, multi-radio OLSR and OLSR with differentiated services (DiffServ) in terms of network aggregate throughput, end-to-end packet delivery ratio, delay and delay jitter with reasonable message overheads and hardware costs. In particular, the network aggregate throughput for CLQ-OLSR can almost be improved by 300% compared with the single radio case.     

VoIP中丢包隐藏技术研究

由于在“尽力型通信”中不可避免的传输错误(如丢包和时延),VoIP的语音质量会潜在地降低。在许多端对端VoIP系统中,语音的服务质量(QoS)很大部分地取决于丢包率和接收端的丢包隐藏算法(PLC)。文中论述了丢包的原因,对当前普遍采用的几种丢包隐藏技术进行了初步分析并进行了比较。